Enable the UP (pyupgrade) Ruff rules and use Python 3.8+ code, including in docs

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -30,6 +30,14 @@ repos:
     rev: v2025.12.8.5
     hooks:
     -   id: doccmd
+        name: Ruff format docs
+        alias: ruff-format-docs
         args: ["--language", "python", "--no-pad-file", "--no-pad-groups", "--command", "ruff format", "docs/"]
         additional_dependencies:
         - ruff==0.14.8
+    -   id: doccmd
+        name: Ruff check fix docs
+        alias: ruff-check-fix-docs
+        args: ["--language", "python", "--no-pad-file", "--no-pad-groups", "--command", "ruff check --fix", "docs/"]
+        additional_dependencies:
+        - ruff==0.14.8

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 ### Internal
 
 - Use Ruff to give the codebase a consistent format [#66](https://github.com/python-backoff/backoff/pull/66) (from [@edgarrmondragon](https://github.com/edgarrmondragon))
+- Enable the `UP` (pyupgrade) Ruff rules and use Python 3.8+ code, including in docs [#73](https://github.com/python-backoff/backoff/pull/73) (from [@edgarrmondragon](https://github.com/edgarrmondragon))
 
 ## [v2.3.0] - 2025-11-28
 

README.rst

@@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ asynchronous HTTP client/server library.
         max_time=60,
     )
     async def get_url(url):
-        async with aiohttp.ClientSession(raise_for_status=True) as session:
+        async with aiohttp.ClientSession(raise_for_status=True) as session:  # noqa: SIM117
             async with session.get(url) as response:
                 return await response.text()
 

backoff/__init__.py

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# coding:utf-8
 """
 Function decoration for backoff and retry
 

backoff/_async.py

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# coding:utf-8
 import asyncio
 import functools
 import inspect

backoff/_common.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-# coding:utf-8
-
 import functools
 import logging
 import sys

backoff/_decorator.py

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# coding:utf-8
 import inspect
 import logging
 import operator

backoff/_jitter.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-# coding:utf-8
-
 import random
 
 

backoff/_sync.py

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# coding:utf-8
 import functools
 import time
 

backoff/_typing.py

@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
-# coding:utf-8
 import logging
-import sys
 from types import FunctionType
 from typing import (
     Any,
@@ -10,22 +8,11 @@
     Generator,
     Sequence,
     Tuple,
+    TypedDict,
     TypeVar,
     Union,
 )
 
-if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):  # pragma: no cover
-    from typing import TypedDict
-else:  # pragma: no cover
-    # use typing_extensions if installed but don't require it
-    try:
-        from typing_extensions import TypedDict
-    except ImportError:
-
-        class TypedDict(dict):
-            def __init_subclass__(cls, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
-                return super().__init_subclass__()
-
 
 class _Details(TypedDict):
     target: FunctionType

backoff/_wait_gen.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-# coding:utf-8
-
 import itertools
 import math
 from typing import Any, Callable, Generator, Iterable, Optional, Union

backoff/types.py

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# coding:utf-8
 from ._typing import Details
 
 __all__ = [

docs/advanced/custom-strategies.md

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ A wait generator is a function that yields wait times in seconds:
 ```python
 def my_wait_gen():
     """Yields: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5, ..."""
+    # Note: Using `yield from` can be unsafe in backoff wait generators.
     for i in range(1, 6):
         yield i
     while True:

docs/examples.md

@@ -121,9 +121,8 @@ import backoff
     max_time=60,
 )
 async def fetch_async(url):
-    async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
-        async with session.get(url) as response:
-            return await response.json()
+    async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session, session.get(url) as response:
+        return await response.json()
 ```
 
 ### Async Database Operations

docs/faq.md

@@ -188,9 +188,8 @@ Yes! Just decorate async functions:
 ```python
 @backoff.on_exception(backoff.expo, aiohttp.ClientError)
 async def fetch_data(url):
-    async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
-        async with session.get(url) as response:
-            return await response.json()
+    async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session, session.get(url) as response:
+        return await response.json()
 ```
 
 ### Can event handlers be async?

docs/getting-started.md

@@ -188,9 +188,8 @@ import aiohttp
     max_time=60,
 )
 async def get_url(url):
-    async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
-        async with session.get(url) as response:
-            return await response.text()
+    async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session, session.get(url) as response:
+        return await response.text()
 ```
 
 ## Next Steps

docs/user-guide/async.md

@@ -13,9 +13,8 @@ import aiohttp
 
 @backoff.on_exception(backoff.expo, aiohttp.ClientError)
 async def fetch_data(url):
-    async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
-        async with session.get(url) as response:
-            return await response.json()
+    async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session, session.get(url) as response:
+        return await response.json()
 ```
 
 ## Async Event Handlers
@@ -47,7 +46,7 @@ async def async_operation():
     max_time=60,
 )
 async def get_url(url):
-    async with aiohttp.ClientSession(raise_for_status=True) as session:
+    async with aiohttp.ClientSession(raise_for_status=True) as session:  # noqa: SIM117
         async with session.get(url) as response:
             return await response.text()
 ```
@@ -100,7 +99,7 @@ async def fetch_all(urls):
     max_time=300,
 )
 async def poll_job_status(job_id):
-    async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
+    async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:  # noqa: SIM117
         async with session.get(f"/api/jobs/{job_id}") as response:
             return await response.json()
 ```
@@ -169,7 +168,7 @@ async def log_async_retry(details):
     on_backoff=log_async_retry,
 )
 async def robust_fetch(url, timeout=10):
-    async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
+    async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:  # noqa: SIM117
         async with session.get(url, timeout=timeout) as response:
             response.raise_for_status()
             return await response.json()

docs/user-guide/configuration.md

@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ def should_retry(result):
         return True
     if not result.get("ready"):
         return True
-    if result.get("status") == "processing":
+    if result.get("status") == "processing":  # noqa: SIM103
         return True
     return False
 

docs/user-guide/event-handlers.md

@@ -328,9 +328,8 @@ def conditional_alert(details):
         send_alert(f"High retry count: {details['tries']}")
 
     # Only log errors, not warnings
-    if details.get("exception"):
-        if isinstance(details["exception"], CriticalError):
-            logger.error("Critical error during retry")
+    if details.get("exception") and isinstance(details["exception"], CriticalError):
+        logger.error("Critical error during retry")
 
 
 @backoff.on_exception(

pyproject.toml

@@ -174,6 +174,18 @@ docstring-code-line-length = 20
 [tool.ruff.lint]
 extend-select = [
   "SIM",  # flake8-simplify
+  "UP",   # pyupgrade
+]
+ignore = [
+  # converting to a `yield from` expression is not safe because this library sends values via `send`
+  # https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/rules/yield-in-for-loop/#fix-safety
+  "UP028",
+]
+
+[tool.ruff.lint.per-file-ignores]
+"**/doccmd_*.py" = [
+  "F811",  # redefinition of unused
+  "F821",  # undefined name
 ]
 
 [tool.coverage.report]

tests/common.py

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# coding:utf-8
 import collections
 import functools
 

tests/test_backoff.py

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# coding:utf-8
 import itertools
 import logging
 import random

tests/test_backoff_async.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-# coding:utf-8
-
 import asyncio  # Python 3.5 code and syntax is allowed in this file
 import random
 

tests/test_jitter.py

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# coding:utf-8
 import backoff
 
 

tests/test_types.py

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-# coding:utf-8
-
 from backoff.types import Details
 
 

tests/test_wait_gen.py

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# coding:utf-8
 import backoff
 import math