gh-146636: Py_mod_abi mandatory for modules created from slots array

Doc/c-api/module.rst

@@ -230,6 +230,9 @@ Feature slots
    When creating a module, Python checks the value of this slot
    using :c:func:`PyABIInfo_Check`.
 
+   This slot is required, except for modules created from
+   :c:struct:`PyModuleDef`.
+
    .. versionadded:: 3.15
 
 .. c:macro:: Py_mod_multiple_interpreters
@@ -620,9 +623,9 @@ rather than from an extension's :ref:`export hook <extension-export-hook>`.
    and the :py:class:`~importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec` *spec*.
 
    The *slots* argument must point to an array of :c:type:`PyModuleDef_Slot`
-   structures, terminated by an entry slot with slot ID of 0
+   structures, terminated by an entry with slot ID of 0
    (typically written as ``{0}`` or ``{0, NULL}`` in C).
-   The *slots* argument may not be ``NULL``.
+   The array must include a :c:data:`Py_mod_abi` entry.
 
    The *spec* argument may be any ``ModuleSpec``-like object, as described
    in :c:macro:`Py_mod_create` documentation.

Doc/extending/first-extension-module.rst

@@ -265,12 +265,19 @@ Define this array just before your export hook:
 
 .. code-block:: c
 
+   PyABIInfo_VAR(abi_info);
+
    static PyModuleDef_Slot spam_slots[] = {
+      {Py_mod_abi, &abi_info},
       {Py_mod_name, "spam"},
       {Py_mod_doc, "A wonderful module with an example function"},
       {0, NULL}
    };
 
+The ``PyABIInfo_VAR(abi_info);`` macro and the :c:data:`Py_mod_abi` slot
+are a bit of boilerplate that helps prevent extensions compiled for
+a different version of Python from crashing the interpreter.
+
 For both :c:data:`Py_mod_name` and :c:data:`Py_mod_doc`, the values are C
 strings -- that is, NUL-terminated, UTF-8 encoded byte arrays.
 

Doc/includes/capi-extension/spammodule-01.c

@@ -35,7 +35,10 @@ static PyMethodDef spam_methods[] = {
 
 /// Module slot table
 
+PyABIInfo_VAR(abi_info);
+
 static PyModuleDef_Slot spam_slots[] = {
+    {Py_mod_abi, &abi_info},
     {Py_mod_name, "spam"},
     {Py_mod_doc, "A wonderful module with an example function"},
     {Py_mod_methods, spam_methods},

Lib/test/test_capi/test_module.py

@@ -25,9 +25,13 @@ def def_and_token(mod):
     )
 
 class TestModFromSlotsAndSpec(unittest.TestCase):
-    @requires_gil_enabled("empty slots re-enable GIL")
     def test_empty(self):
-        mod = _testcapi.module_from_slots_empty(FakeSpec())
+        with self.assertRaises(SystemError):
+            _testcapi.module_from_slots_empty(FakeSpec())
+
+    @requires_gil_enabled("minimal slots re-enable GIL")
+    def test_minimal(self):
+        mod = _testcapi.module_from_slots_minimal(FakeSpec())
         self.assertIsInstance(mod, types.ModuleType)
         self.assertEqual(def_and_token(mod), (0, 0))
         self.assertEqual(mod.__name__, 'testmod')
@@ -159,6 +163,16 @@ def test_null_def_slot(self):
                 self.assertIn(name, str(cm.exception))
                 self.assertIn("NULL", str(cm.exception))
 
+    def test_bad_abiinfo(self):
+        """Slots that incompatible ABI is rejected"""
+        with self.assertRaises(ImportError) as cm:
+            _testcapi.module_from_bad_abiinfo(FakeSpec())
+
+    def test_multiple_abiinfo(self):
+        """Slots that Py_mod_abiinfo can be repeated"""
+        mod = _testcapi.module_from_multiple_abiinfo(FakeSpec())
+        self.assertEqual(mod.__name__, 'testmod')
+
     def test_def_multiple_exec(self):
         """PyModule_Exec runs all exec slots of PyModuleDef-defined module"""
         mod = _testcapi.module_from_def_multiple_exec(FakeSpec())

Lib/test/test_cext/extension.c

@@ -119,8 +119,10 @@ _Py_COMP_DIAG_PUSH
 #endif
 
 PyDoc_STRVAR(_testcext_doc, "C test extension.");
+PyABIInfo_VAR(abi_info);
 
 static PyModuleDef_Slot _testcext_slots[] = {
+    {Py_mod_abi, &abi_info},
     {Py_mod_name, STR(MODULE_NAME)},
     {Py_mod_doc, (void*)(char*)_testcext_doc},
     {Py_mod_exec, (void*)_testcext_exec},

Lib/test/test_import/__init__.py

@@ -3499,12 +3499,20 @@ class Sub(tp):
             pass
         self.assertEqual(_testcapi.pytype_getmodulebytoken(Sub, token), module)
 
-    @requires_gil_enabled("empty slots re-enable GIL")
     def test_from_modexport_empty_slots(self):
+        # Module to test that Py_mod_abi is mandatory for PyModExport
+        modname = '_test_from_modexport_empty_slots'
+        filename = _testmultiphase.__file__
+        with self.assertRaises(SystemError):
+            import_extension_from_file(
+                modname, filename, put_in_sys_modules=False)
+
+    @requires_gil_enabled("this module re-enables GIL")
+    def test_from_modexport_minimal_slots(self):
         # Module to test that:
-        # - no slots are mandatory for PyModExport
+        # - no slots except Py_mod_abi is mandatory for PyModExport
         # - the slots array is used as the default token
-        modname = '_test_from_modexport_empty_slots'
+        modname = '_test_from_modexport_minimal_slots'
         filename = _testmultiphase.__file__
         module = import_extension_from_file(
             modname, filename, put_in_sys_modules=False)
@@ -3516,7 +3524,7 @@ def test_from_modexport_empty_slots(self):
         smoke_mod = import_extension_from_file(
             '_test_from_modexport_smoke', filename, put_in_sys_modules=False)
         self.assertEqual(_testcapi.pymodule_get_token(module),
-                         smoke_mod.get_modexport_empty_slots())
+                         smoke_mod.get_modexport_minimal_slots())
 
 @cpython_only
 class TestMagicNumber(unittest.TestCase):

Misc/NEWS.d/next/C_API/2026-03-31-13-33-41.gh-issue-146636.5do3wt.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+The :c:data:`Py_mod_abi` slot is now mandatory for modules created from a
+slots array (using :c:func:`PyModule_FromSlotsAndSpec` or the
+:c:func:`PyModExport_* <PyModExport_modulename>` export hook).

Modules/_testcapi/module.c

@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@
  * Lib/test/test_capi/test_module.py
  */
 
+PyABIInfo_VAR(abi_info);
+
 static PyObject *
 module_from_slots_empty(PyObject *self, PyObject *spec)
 {
@@ -17,6 +19,16 @@ module_from_slots_empty(PyObject *self, PyObject *spec)
     return PyModule_FromSlotsAndSpec(slots, spec);
 }
 
+static PyObject *
+module_from_slots_minimal(PyObject *self, PyObject *spec)
+{
+    PyModuleDef_Slot slots[] = {
+        {Py_mod_abi, &abi_info},
+        {0},
+    };
+    return PyModule_FromSlotsAndSpec(slots, spec);
+}
+
 static PyObject *
 module_from_slots_null(PyObject *self, PyObject *spec)
 {
@@ -27,6 +39,7 @@ static PyObject *
 module_from_slots_name(PyObject *self, PyObject *spec)
 {
     PyModuleDef_Slot slots[] = {
+        {Py_mod_abi, &abi_info},
         {Py_mod_name, "currently ignored..."},
         {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
         {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
@@ -39,6 +52,7 @@ static PyObject *
 module_from_slots_doc(PyObject *self, PyObject *spec)
 {
     PyModuleDef_Slot slots[] = {
+        {Py_mod_abi, &abi_info},
         {Py_mod_doc, "the docstring"},
         {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
         {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
@@ -51,6 +65,7 @@ static PyObject *
 module_from_slots_size(PyObject *self, PyObject *spec)
 {
     PyModuleDef_Slot slots[] = {
+        {Py_mod_abi, &abi_info},
         {Py_mod_state_size, (void*)123},
         {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
         {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
@@ -78,6 +93,7 @@ static PyObject *
 module_from_slots_methods(PyObject *self, PyObject *spec)
 {
     PyModuleDef_Slot slots[] = {
+        {Py_mod_abi, &abi_info},
         {Py_mod_methods, a_methoddef_array},
         {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
         {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
@@ -96,6 +112,7 @@ static PyObject *
 module_from_slots_gc(PyObject *self, PyObject *spec)
 {
     PyModuleDef_Slot slots[] = {
+        {Py_mod_abi, &abi_info},
         {Py_mod_state_traverse, noop_traverse},
         {Py_mod_state_clear, noop_clear},
         {Py_mod_state_free, noop_free},
@@ -128,6 +145,7 @@ static PyObject *
 module_from_slots_token(PyObject *self, PyObject *spec)
 {
     PyModuleDef_Slot slots[] = {
+        {Py_mod_abi, &abi_info},
         {Py_mod_token, (void*)&test_token},
         {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
         {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
@@ -156,6 +174,7 @@ static PyObject *
 module_from_slots_exec(PyObject *self, PyObject *spec)
 {
     PyModuleDef_Slot slots[] = {
+        {Py_mod_abi, &abi_info},
         {Py_mod_exec, simple_exec},
         {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
         {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
@@ -189,6 +208,7 @@ static PyObject *
 module_from_slots_create(PyObject *self, PyObject *spec)
 {
     PyModuleDef_Slot slots[] = {
+        {Py_mod_abi, &abi_info},
         {Py_mod_create, create_attr_from_spec},
         {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
         {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
@@ -220,6 +240,7 @@ module_from_slots_repeat_slot(PyObject *self, PyObject *spec)
         return NULL;
     }
     PyModuleDef_Slot slots[] = {
+        {Py_mod_abi, &abi_info},
         {slot_id, "anything"},
         {slot_id, "anything else"},
         {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
@@ -238,6 +259,7 @@ module_from_slots_null_slot(PyObject *self, PyObject *spec)
     }
     PyModuleDef_Slot slots[] = {
         {slot_id, NULL},
+        {Py_mod_abi, &abi_info},
         {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
         {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
         {0},
@@ -254,6 +276,7 @@ module_from_def_slot(PyObject *self, PyObject *spec)
     }
     PyModuleDef_Slot slots[] = {
         {slot_id, "anything"},
+        {Py_mod_abi, &abi_info},
         {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
         {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
         {0},
@@ -285,6 +308,7 @@ static PyModuleDef parrot_def = {
     .m_slots = NULL /* set below */,
 };
 static PyModuleDef_Slot parrot_slots[] = {
+    {Py_mod_abi, &abi_info},
     {Py_mod_name, (void*)parrot_name},
     {Py_mod_doc, (void*)parrot_doc},
     {Py_mod_state_size, (void*)123},
@@ -314,6 +338,43 @@ module_from_def_slot_parrot(PyObject *self, PyObject *spec)
     return module;
 }
 
+static PyObject *
+module_from_bad_abiinfo(PyObject *self, PyObject *spec)
+{
+    PyABIInfo bad_abi_info = {
+        1, 0,
+        .abi_version=0x02080000,
+    };
+    PyModuleDef_Slot slots[] = {
+        {Py_mod_abi, &abi_info},
+        {Py_mod_abi, &bad_abi_info},
+        {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+        {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
+        {0},
+    };
+    return PyModule_FromSlotsAndSpec(slots, spec);
+}
+
+static PyObject *
+module_from_multiple_abiinfo(PyObject *self, PyObject *spec)
+{
+    PyABIInfo extra_abi_info = {
+        1, 0,
+        .flags=PyABIInfo_STABLE | PyABIInfo_FREETHREADING_AGNOSTIC,
+        .abi_version=0x03040000,
+    };
+    PyModuleDef_Slot slots[] = {
+        {Py_mod_abi, &abi_info},
+        {Py_mod_abi, &abi_info},
+        {Py_mod_abi, &extra_abi_info},
+        {Py_mod_abi, &extra_abi_info},
+        {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
+        {Py_mod_gil, Py_MOD_GIL_NOT_USED},
+        {0},
+    };
+    return PyModule_FromSlotsAndSpec(slots, spec);
+}
+
 static int
 another_exec(PyObject *module)
 {
@@ -344,6 +405,7 @@ static PyObject *
 module_from_def_multiple_exec(PyObject *self, PyObject *spec)
 {
     static PyModuleDef_Slot slots[] = {
+        {Py_mod_abi, &abi_info},
         {Py_mod_exec, simple_exec},
         {Py_mod_exec, another_exec},
         {Py_mod_multiple_interpreters, Py_MOD_PER_INTERPRETER_GIL_SUPPORTED},
@@ -399,6 +461,7 @@ pymodule_get_state_size(PyObject *self, PyObject *module)
 
 static PyMethodDef test_methods[] = {
     {"module_from_slots_empty", module_from_slots_empty, METH_O},
+    {"module_from_slots_minimal", module_from_slots_minimal, METH_O},
     {"module_from_slots_null", module_from_slots_null, METH_O},
     {"module_from_slots_name", module_from_slots_name, METH_O},
     {"module_from_slots_doc", module_from_slots_doc, METH_O},
@@ -413,6 +476,8 @@ static PyMethodDef test_methods[] = {
     {"module_from_def_multiple_exec", module_from_def_multiple_exec, METH_O},
     {"module_from_def_slot", module_from_def_slot, METH_O},
     {"module_from_def_slot_parrot", module_from_def_slot_parrot, METH_O},
+    {"module_from_bad_abiinfo", module_from_bad_abiinfo, METH_O},
+    {"module_from_multiple_abiinfo", module_from_multiple_abiinfo, METH_O},
     {"pymodule_get_token", pymodule_get_token, METH_O},
     {"pymodule_get_def", pymodule_get_def, METH_O},
     {"pymodule_get_state_size", pymodule_get_state_size, METH_O},