Incorrect resolution of `type[TypeVar]` returning `TypeVar` with `numpy`

[Dr-Irv]

Bug Report

This came up with pandas-stubs, but can reproduce with just numpy

To Reproduce

from typing import TypeVar
import numpy as np

NDArrayT = TypeVar("NDArrayT", bound=np.ndarray)


def foo(x: type[NDArrayT]) -> NDArrayT:
    return x([1, 2])


reveal_type(foo(np.ndarray))

Expected Behavior

Revealed type should be ndarray[tuple[Any, ...], dtype[Any]], which is what pyright reports.

Actual Behavior

mypy reports numpy.ndarray[Any, Any]

Your Environment

• Mypy version used: 1.19.0
• Mypy command-line flags: None
• Mypy configuration options from mypy.ini (and other config files): None
• Python version used: 3.11
• numpy version: 2.3.5
• pyright version: 1.1.407

[jorenham]

I thought this might be related to the PEP 696 type parameter defaults, but that doesn't seem to be the case:

from typing import Any, reveal_type

import numpy as np

def f[T: np.ndarray](t: type[T]) -> T: ...
def g[T: np.ndarray[tuple[Any, ...], np.dtype[Any]]](t: type[T]) -> T: ...

reveal_type(f(np.ndarray))  # Revealed type is "numpy.ndarray[Any, Any]"
reveal_type(g(np.ndarray))  # Revealed type is "numpy.ndarray[Any, Any]"

In fact, any type arguments to np.ndarray seem to be swallowed this way 🤔

[sterliakov]

Could you explain further why you expect different output? Any is compatible with any bound, type passed as argument is not parameterized hence defaults all tvars to any, why should it not be Any?

Zero-numpy example (playground):

from typing import Any, Generic, TypeVar

T = TypeVar("T")
U = TypeVar("U", bound="Arr[int]")

class Arr(Generic[T]):
    ...

def f(t: type[U]) -> U: ...

reveal_type(f(Arr))  # Revealed type is "__main__.Arr[Any]"

[jorenham]

type passed as argument is not parameterized hence defaults all tvars to any,

As my example shows, this also occurs when its fully parametrized.
Also note that the type parameter defaults of np.ndarray are tuple[Any, ...] and np.dtype[Any]. So np.ndarray (as type expression) is therefore exactly equivalent to np.ndarray[tuple[Any, ...], np.dtype[Any]].

[sterliakov]

Ah, sorry, I missed that numpy already started using tvars defaults. So the problem reduces to the following, right?

from typing import Any, Generic, TypeVar

T = TypeVar("T", default=int)
U = TypeVar("U", bound="Arr")

class Arr(Generic[T]):
    ...

def f(t: type[U]) -> U: ...

reveal_type(f(Arr))  # Revealed type is "__main__.Arr[Any]"

Probably the default should have been applied here.

[jorenham]

So the problem reduces to the following, right?

Yea pretty much. There's also where f is parametrized with Arr[int] (so with type arg) that behaves unexpectedly:

# mypy: disable-error-code=empty-body
from typing import Any, Generic, TypeVar

T_co = TypeVar("T_co", default=int)
class Arr(Generic[T_co]): ...

def f[T: Arr](t: type[T]) -> T: ...
def g[T: Arr[int]](t: type[T]) -> T: ...

reveal_type(f(Arr))  # Revealed type is "__main__.Arr[Any]"
reveal_type(g(Arr))  # Revealed type is "__main__.Arr[Any]"

https://mypy-play.net/?mypy=latest&python=3.14&flags=strict&gist=b51972fc19e7c56363428c62dede27e7