I had a very strange issues out of the blue today. Happens for every controller action; app server and console boot up fine.
It started happening without any changes, and rolling back to a previous commit didn't fix it either. Reinstalling ruby and rails and all the rest of the gems didn't fix it either.
Setup: OSX Yosemite, Ruby 2.2.0, Rails 4.1.9.
Missing helper file helpers//Users/xxxx/Sites/xxxx/app/helpers/application_helper.rb_helper.rb
I finally fixed it by renaming all directories (i.e. Sites to sites) in the apps path to lowercase (except /Users).
Full story here: http://stackoverflow.com/a/27966165/893510