refactor: build wheels and conda packages using Python limited API

[gforsyth]

Building cuforest using the limited API as part of rapidsai/build-planning#42

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[gforsyth]

/ok to test

[coderabbitai]

📝 Walkthrough

Summary by CodeRabbit

• Chores
  • Added stable ABI (abi3) support so single wheels can target multiple Python versions.
  • Introduced matrix-filtered builds to produce artifacts per CUDA/architecture/Python subset.
  • Improved CI build and publish flow with dynamic package naming, targeted wheel publishing, and more consistent wheel/conda resolution for installs and tests.

Walkthrough

Adds Python stable-ABI (abi3) build support: introduces matrix filters in GitHub workflows, propagates RAPIDS_PY_API and RAPIDS_PACKAGE_NAME through CI scripts, changes wheel build to support --stable, updates auditwheel repair invocation, and refactors conda recipe and test/download steps to use ABI3/version-independent packaging.

Changes

Cohort / File(s)	Summary
Workflow matrix changes .github/workflows/build.yaml, .github/workflows/pr.yaml	Added matrix_filter entries to limit build matrices per CUDA x ARCH x minimum Python and added publish-wheel-search-key: cuforest_wheel_python_abi3 to wheel publish job.
Top-level build script build.sh	Introduced PYTHON_ARGS_FOR_INSTALL array, default pip/skbuild config entries, and conditional addition of skbuild.wheel.py-api=${RAPIDS_PY_API} when RAPIDS_PY_VERSION is set; replaced inline pip args with array expansion.
CI wheel build scripts ci/build_wheel.sh, ci/build_wheel_cuforest.sh	ci/build_wheel.sh: added --stable flag parsing and conditional injection of --config-settings="skbuild.wheel.py-api=${RAPIDS_PY_API}" into RAPIDS_PIP_WHEEL_ARGS. ci/build_wheel_cuforest.sh: invoke ./ci/build_wheel.sh with --stable, compute/export RAPIDS_PY_API and RAPIDS_PACKAGE_NAME, pass EXCLUDE_ARGS and output dir to auditwheel repair.
CI python build/test scripts ci/build_python.sh, ci/test_python.sh, ci/test_wheel.sh	ci/build_python.sh: export RAPIDS_PACKAGE_NAME computed via rapids-package-name ... --stable --cuda. ci/test_python.sh and ci/test_wheel.sh: switch artifact/wheel download calls to use rapids-download-from-github with package name resolved by rapids-package-name ... --stable --cuda.
Conda recipe: ABI3 and version-independence conda/recipes/cuforest/recipe.yaml	Replaced py_version/py_buildstring flow with py_abi_min, derived py_buildstring, added py_runtime_latest, set python.version_independent: true, updated build string to cp${{ py_buildstring }}_abi3_…, require python =${{ py_abi_min }} and python-abi3 ${{ py_abi_min }}.*, and added a runtime test using py_runtime_latest.

Estimated code review effort

🎯 3 (Moderate) | ⏱️ ~25 minutes

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[gforsyth]

/merge