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# Changes needed for updates to RL 8.9 #1673

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121 changes: 62 additions & 59 deletions docs/guides/web/php.md
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
title: PHP and PHP-FPM
author: Antoine Le Morvan
contributors: Steven Spencer, Ganna Zhyrnova
tested_with: 8.5
tested_with: 8.9
tags:
- web
- php
Expand All @@ -11,6 +11,10 @@ tags:

# PHP and PHP-FPM

!!! warning "Written for Rocky Linux 8.x"

Note that this procedure was initially published some time ago, at which time Rocky Linux 8.x was the only version. This procedure needs to be tested and rewritten as appropriate for Rocky Linux 9.x.

**PHP** (**P**HP **H**ypertext **P**reprocessor) is a source scripting language, specially designed for web application development. In 2021, PHP represented a little less than 80% of the web pages generated in the world. PHP is open-source and is the core of the most famous CMS (WordPress, Drupal, Joomla!, Magento, ...).

**PHP-FPM** (**F**astCGI **P**rocess **M**anager) is integrated to PHP since its version 5.3.3. The FastCGI version of PHP brings additional functionalities.
Expand All @@ -35,35 +39,43 @@ PHP-FPM, **in addition to better performances**, brings:

## Choose a PHP version

Rocky Linux, like its upstream, offers many versions of the language. Some of them have reached the end of their life but are kept to continue hosting historical applications that are not yet compatible with new versions of PHP. Please refer to the [ supported versions ](https://www.php.net/supported-versions.php) page of the php.net website to choose a supported version.
Rocky Linux, like its upstream, offers many versions of the language. Some of them have reached the end of their life but are kept to continue hosting historical applications that are not yet compatible with new versions of PHP. Please refer to the [supported versions](https://www.php.net/supported-versions.php) page of the php.net website to choose a supported version.

To obtain a list of available versions, simply enter the following command:

```
```bash
$ sudo dnf module list php

Rocky Linux 8 - AppStream
Name Stream Profiles Summary
php 7.2 [d] common [d], devel, minimal PHP scripting language
php 7.3 common [d], devel, minimal PHP scripting language
php 7.4 common [d], devel, minimal PHP scripting language
Name Stream Profiles Summary
php 7.2 [d] common [d], devel, minimal PHP scripting language
php 7.3 common [d], devel, minimal PHP scripting language
php 7.4 common [d], devel, minimal PHP scripting language
php 8.0 common [d], devel, minimal PHP scripting language

Hint: [d]efault, [e]nabled, [x]disabled, [i]nstalled
```

Rocky provides, from its AppStream repository, different PHP modules.

You will note that the default version of a Rocky 8.5 is 7.2 which has already reached its end of life at the time of writing.
You will note that the default version of a Rocky 8.9 is 7.2 that has already reached its end of life at the time of writing.

You can activate a newer module by entering the following command:

```
sudo dnf module enable php:7.4
```bash
sudo dnf module enable php:8.0
==============================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
==============================================================================================
Enabling module streams:
httpd 2.4
php 7.4
httpd 2.4
nginx 1.14
php 8.0

Transaction Summary
==============================================================================================

Is this ok [y/N]:

Transaction Summary
==============================================================================================
Expand All @@ -72,7 +84,6 @@ Is this ok [y/N]: y
Complete!
```


You can now proceed to the installation of the PHP engine.

## PHP cgi mode
Expand All @@ -85,13 +96,13 @@ The installation of PHP is relatively trivial, since it consists of installing t

The example below installs PHP with the modules usually installed with it.

```
$ sudo dnf install php php-cli php-gd php-curl php-zip php-mbstring
```bash
sudo dnf install php php-cli php-gd php-curl php-zip php-mbstring
```

You can check that the installed version corresponds to the expected one:

```
```bash
$ php -v
PHP 7.4.19 (cli) (built: May 4 2021 11:06:37) ( NTS )
Copyright (c) The PHP Group
Expand All @@ -101,42 +112,42 @@ Zend Engine v3.4.0, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies

### Configuration

### Apache integration
#### Apache integration

To serve PHP pages in CGI mode, you must install the apache server, configure it, activate it, and start it.

* Installation:

```
$ sudo dnf install httpd
```bash
sudo dnf install httpd
```

* Activation:

```
$ sudo systemctl enable httpd
$ sudo systemctl start httpd
$ sudo systemctl status httpd
```bash
sudo systemctl enable httpd
sudo systemctl start httpd
sudo systemctl status httpd
```

* Don't forget to configure the firewall:

```
$ sudo firewall-cmd --add-service=http --permanent
$ sudo firewall-cmd --reload
```bash
sudo firewall-cmd --add-service=http --permanent
sudo firewall-cmd --reload
```

The default vhost should work out of the box. PHP provides a `phpinfo()` function that generates a summary table of its configuration. It's very useful to test the good working of PHP. However, be careful not to leave such test files on your servers. They represent a huge security risk for your infrastructure.

Create the file `/var/www/html/info.php` (`/var/www/html` being the default vhost directory of the default apache configuration):

```
```bash
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
```

Use a web browser to check that the server is working properly by going to the page http://your-server-ip/info.php.
Use a web browser to check that the server is working properly by going to the page [http://your-server-ip/info.php](http://your-server-ip/info.php).

!!! Warning

Expand All @@ -150,23 +161,23 @@ As we highlighted earlier in this document, there are many advantages to switchi

The installation is limited to the php-fpm package:

```
$ sudo dnf install php-fpm
```bash
sudo dnf install php-fpm
```

As php-fpm is a service from a system point of view, it must be activated and started:

```
$ sudo systemctl enable php-fpm
$ sudo systemctl start php-fpm
$ sudo systemctl status php-fpm
```bash
sudo systemctl enable php-fpm
sudo systemctl start php-fpm
sudo systemctl status php-fpm
```

### Configuration

The main configuration file is stored under `/etc/php-fpm.conf`.

```
```bash
include=/etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf
[global]
pid = /run/php-fpm/php-fpm.pid
Expand All @@ -182,7 +193,7 @@ As you can see, the files in the `/etc/php-fpm/` directory with the `.conf` exte

By default, a PHP process pool, named `www`, is declared in `/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf`.

```
```bash
[www]
user = apache
group = apache
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -239,7 +250,7 @@ The processes of PHP-FPM can be managed statically or dynamically.

In static mode, the number of child processes is set by the value of `pm.max_children`;

```
```bash
pm = static
pm.max_children = 10
```
Expand All @@ -250,7 +261,7 @@ In dynamic mode, PHP-FPM will launch at most the number of processes specified b

Example:

```
```bash
pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 5
pm.start_servers = 2
Expand All @@ -268,18 +279,17 @@ There is a third mode of operation, the `ondemand` mode. This mode only starts a

The configuration of the operating mode of PHP-FPM is essential to ensure an optimal functioning of your web server.


#### Process status

PHP-FPM offers, like Apache and its `mod_status` module, a page indicating the status of the process.

To activate the page, setup its access path via the `pm.status_path` directive:

```
```bash
pm.status_path = /status
```

```
```bash
$ curl http://localhost/status_php
pool: www
process manager: dynamic
Expand All @@ -303,7 +313,7 @@ The slowlog directive specifies the file that receives logging of requests that

The default location of the generated file is `/var/log/php-fpm/www-slow.log`.

```
```bash
request_slowlog_timeout = 5
slowlog = /var/log/php-fpm/www-slow.log
```
Expand All @@ -316,7 +326,7 @@ The default setting of nginx already includes the necessary configuration to mak

The configuration file `fastcgi.conf` (or `fastcgi_params`) is located under `/etc/nginx/`:

```
```bash
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string;
fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method;
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -348,7 +358,7 @@ In order for nginx to process `.php` files, the following directives must be add

If PHP-FPM is listening on port 9000:

```
```bash
location ~ \.php$ {
include /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
Expand All @@ -357,7 +367,7 @@ location ~ \.php$ {

If php-fpm is listening on a unix socket:

```
```bash
location ~ \.php$ {
include /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php-fpm/www.sock;
Expand All @@ -368,7 +378,7 @@ location ~ \.php$ {

The configuration of apache to use a PHP pool is quite simple. You just have to use the proxy modules with a `ProxyPassMatch` directive, for example:

```
```bash
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName web.rockylinux.org
DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/current/public"
Expand All @@ -390,7 +400,7 @@ It is essential to optimize the number of requests that will be able to be serve

First of all, we need to know the average amount of memory used by a PHP process, with the command:

```
```bash
while true; do ps --no-headers -o "rss,cmd" -C php-fpm | grep "pool www" | awk '{ sum+=$1 } END { printf ("%d%s\n", sum/NR/1024,"Mb") }' >> avg_php_proc; sleep 60; done
```

Expand All @@ -404,7 +414,7 @@ We can easily conclude that this server can accept at most **50 threads** `((6*1

A good configuration of `php-fpm` specific to this use case would be:

```
```bash
pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 50
pm.start_servers = 12
Expand All @@ -427,26 +437,19 @@ It keeps the compiled PHP scripts in memory, which strongly impacts the executio

To configure it, we must work on:

* The size of the memory dedicated to the opcache according to the hit ratio

By configuring correctly





* The size of the memory dedicated to the opcache according to the hit ratio, configuring it correctly
* the number of PHP scripts to cache (number of keys + maximum number of scripts)
* the number of strings to cache

To install it:

```
$ sudo dnf install php-opcache
```bash
sudo dnf install php-opcache
```

To configure it, edit the `/etc/php.d/10-opcache.ini` configuration file:

```
```bash
opcache.memory_consumption=128
opcache.interned_strings_buffer=8
opcache.max_accelerated_files=4000
Expand Down