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New Crowdin updates #2193

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New translations 9_4.md (French)
rockylinux-auto Jul 23, 2024
99716fe
New translations 9_4.md (German)
rockylinux-auto Jul 23, 2024
b8cc9a5
New translations 8_10.md (German)
rockylinux-auto Jul 24, 2024
ac9346f
New translations gnome-tweaks.md (Chinese Simplified)
rockylinux-auto Jul 25, 2024
1e80ce3
New translations flatpak.md (Chinese Simplified)
rockylinux-auto Jul 25, 2024
98e1121
New translations gnome-extensions.md (Chinese Simplified)
rockylinux-auto Jul 25, 2024
9de8fc2
New translations rdp-server.md (Chinese Simplified)
rockylinux-auto Jul 25, 2024
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New translations user_and_group_account_management.md (Chinese Simpli…
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266 changes: 266 additions & 0 deletions docs/desktop/gnome/flatpak.zh.md
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---
title: Flatpak
author: Steven Spencer
contributors: Ganna Zhyrnova
---

## 简介

来自项目官网:

> Flatpak是一个框架，用于跨平台支持各种Linux发行版分发桌面应用程序。 它是由在Linux桌面上有着悠久工作历史的开发人员创建的，并作为一个独立的开源项目运行。

Flatpak会在安装Rocky Linux系统时默认被安装，其中就包括GNOME(“带GUI的服务器”或“工作站”)。 也可以手动安装。 (请参考下面的手动安装过程) 这是一种当你想要使用工具自定义桌面环境的好方法。

## 手动安装

!!! note "注意"

```
如果你已经在运行完整的GNOME桌面环境，则可以跳过此步骤。
```

使用下面的命令安装 Flatpak:

```bash
sudo dnf install flatpak
```

添加 Flatpak 仓库

```bash
flatpak remote-add --if-not-exists flathub https://dl.flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepo
```

重启系统

```bash
sudo shutdown -r now
```

## Flatpak 命令

查看所有 Flatpak 可用命令:

```bash
flatpak --help
```

输出结果如下:

```text
Usage:
flatpak [OPTION…] COMMAND

Builtin Commands:
Manage installed applications and runtimes
install Install an application or runtime
update Update an installed application or runtime
uninstall Uninstall an installed application or runtime
mask Mask out updates and automatic installation
pin Pin a runtime to prevent automatic removal
list List installed apps and/or runtimes
info Show info for installed app or runtime
history Show history
config Configure flatpak
repair Repair flatpak installation
create-usb Put applications or runtimes onto removable media

Find applications and runtimes
search Search for remote apps/runtimes

Manage running applications
run Run an application
override Override permissions for an application
make-current Specify default version to run
enter Enter the namespace of a running application
ps Enumerate running applications
kill Stop a running application

Manage file access
documents List exported files
document-export Grant an application access to a specific file
document-unexport Revoke access to a specific file
document-info Show information about a specific file

Manage dynamic permissions
permissions List permissions
permission-remove Remove item from permission store
permission-set Set permissions
permission-show Show app permissions
permission-reset Reset app permissions

Manage remote repositories
remotes List all configured remotes
remote-add Add a new remote repository (by URL)
remote-modify Modify properties of a configured remote
remote-delete Delete a configured remote
remote-ls List contents of a configured remote
remote-info Show information about a remote app or runtime

Build applications
build-init Initialize a directory for building
build Run a build command inside the build dir
build-finish Finish a build dir for export
build-export Export a build dir to a repository
build-bundle Create a bundle file from a ref in a local repository
build-import-bundle Import a bundle file
build-sign Sign an application or runtime
build-update-repo Update the summary file in a repository
build-commit-from Create new commit based on existing ref
repo Show information about a repo

Help Options:
-h, --help Show help options

Application Options:
--version Print version information and exit
--default-arch Print default arch and exit
--supported-arches Print supported arches and exit
--gl-drivers Print active gl drivers and exit
--installations Print paths for system installations and exit
--print-updated-env Print the updated environment needed to run flatpaks
--print-system-only Only include the system installation with --print-updated-env
-v, --verbose Show debug information, -vv for more detail
--ostree-verbose Show OSTree debug information
```

没必要记住所有命令列表，知道如何进入列表并使用选项 `--help` 即可。

!!! warning "警告"

````
如果使用的是RockyLinux9.x版本，运行命令时可能遇到下面的问题：

```bash
flatpak search [packagename]
```
其中[packagename]是要查找的软件包，将返回：

```text
F: Failed to parse /var/lib/flatpak/appstream/flathub/x86_64/active/appstream.xml.gz file: Error on line 4065 char 29: <p> already set '
Organic Maps is a free Android & iOS offline maps app for travelers,
tourists, hikers, drivers, and cyclists.
It uses crowd-sourced OpenStreetMap data and is developed with love by
' and tried to replace with ' ('
No matches found
```

对此没有解决方法。为了避免出现错误，请使用本文档中的Flathub资源获取并安装所需的软件包。
````

## Flathub

Flatchub是一个用于获取或提交桌面软件包的web资源网站。

要访问 Flathub, 查看 https://flathub.org/. 这里有非常多用心整理的桌面软件包，它们被很好地划分为不同的类别。

## Flathub 对接 Flatpak

比如, 安装 OBS Studio 的过程如下:

1. 在 Flathub 进入 "Audio & Video" 选项

2. 从列表中找到 "OBS Studio"

3. 单击“Install”安装按钮旁边的向下箭头

![flathub\_install\_1](images/01_flatpak.png)

![flathub\_install\_2](images/02_flatpak.png)

4. 确保已经安装了Rocky Linux需要的所有必备依赖(第二个图片中的数字1所指向的内容，上面已经完成)，然后复制命令(第二图片中的数字2所指向的内容) 并将其粘贴到终端中

```bash
flatpak install flathub com.obsproject.Studio
Looking for matches…
Required runtime for com.obsproject.Studio/x86_64/stable (runtime/org.kde.Platform/x86_64/6.6) found in remote flathub
Do you want to install it? [Y/n]: Y
```

5. 当你回答 "Y" 并点击 ++enter++ 键的时候, 你将看到类似下面的输出:

```bash
com.obsproject.Studio permissions:
ipc network pulseaudio wayland
x11 devices file access [1] dbus access [2]
system dbus access [3]

[1] host, xdg-config/kdeglobals:ro, xdg-run/pipewire-0
[2] com.canonical.AppMenu.Registrar, org.a11y.Bus, org.freedesktop.Flatpak, org.freedesktop.Notifications,
org.kde.KGlobalSettings, org.kde.StatusNotifierWatcher, org.kde.kconfig.notify
[3] org.freedesktop.Avahi

ID Branch Op Remote Download
1. com.obsproject.Studio.Locale stable i flathub < 47.0 kB (partial)
2. org.kde.KStyle.Adwaita 6.6 i flathub < 8.0 MB
3. org.kde.Platform.Locale 6.6 i flathub < 380.6 MB (partial)
4. org.kde.PlatformTheme.QGnomePlatform 6.6 i flathub < 9.7 MB
5. org.kde.WaylandDecoration.QAdwaitaDecorations 6.6 i flathub < 1.2 MB
6. org.kde.Platform 6.6 i flathub < 325.0 MB
7. com.obsproject.Studio stable i flathub < 207.7 MB

Proceed with these changes to the system installation? [Y/n]:
```

6. 回答 "Y" 并点击 ++enter++ 键将按提示修改系统权限并安装应用.

7. 如果安装顺利, 你将看到:

```text
Installation complete.
```

8. 在 "Activities" 菜单, 可以搜索并运行 OBS Studio.

## 列出安装包

要想查看 Flatpak 在你系统上的安装包, 打开终端并执行如下命令:

```bash
flatpak list
```

输出结果类似下面这种:

```text
Name Application ID Version Branch Installation
OBS Project com.obsproject.Studio 30.1.2 stable system
FileZilla org.filezillaproject.Filezilla 3.66.1 stable system
Freedesktop Platform org.freedesktop.Platform 22.08.24 22.08 system
Freedesktop Platform org.freedesktop.Platform 23.08.16 23.08 system
Mesa org.freedesktop.Platform.GL.default 24.0.4 22.08 system
Mesa (Extra) org.freedesktop.Platform.GL.default 24.0.4 22.08-extra system
Mesa org.freedesktop.Platform.GL.default 24.0.5 23.08 system
Mesa (Extra) org.freedesktop.Platform.GL.default 24.0.5 23.08-extra system
Intel org.freedesktop.Platform.VAAPI.Intel 22.08 system
Intel org.freedesktop.Platform.VAAPI.Intel 23.08 system
openh264 org.freedesktop.Platform.openh264 2.1.0 2.2.0 system
openh264 org.freedesktop.Platform.openh264 2.4.1 2.4.1 system
The GIMP team org.gimp.GIMP 2.10.36 stable system
GNOME Application Platform version 46 org.gnome.Platform 46 system
Adwaita theme org.kde.KStyle.Adwaita 6.6 system
KDE Application Platform org.kde.Platform 6.6 system
QGnomePlatform org.kde.PlatformTheme.QGnomePlatform 6.6 system
QAdwaitaDecorations org.kde.WaylandDecoration.QAdwaitaDecorations 6.6 system
```

## 更新软件包

要想将某个包更新到最新版本, 需要用到 `flatpak list` 命令中输出的 "Application ID" 那一列对应包的值:

```bash
flatpak update com.obsproject.Studio
```

## 删除软件包

要想将某个包卸载, 也需要用到 flatpak list 命令中输出的 "Application ID" 那一列对应包的值:

```bash
flatpak uninstall com.obsproject.Studio
```

## 总结

你可以使用Flathaub和Flatpak轻松地开发GNOME桌面相关的应用程序, 从游戏到生产力工具都可以。
74 changes: 74 additions & 0 deletions docs/desktop/gnome/gnome-extensions.zh.md
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---
title: GNOME Shell 扩展
author: Joseph Brinkman
contributors: Steven Spencer
tested with: 9.4
tags:
- 桌面
- gnome
---

## 介绍

来源 [GNOME 官网](https://extensions.gnome.org/about/){:target="_blank"}:

> GNOME Shell为GNOME提供了核心用户界面功能，如切换到窗口和启动应用程序。 GNOME Shell提供的用户界面元素包括屏幕顶部的面板、活动概述和屏幕底部的消息托盘。
> GNOME Shell扩展是由第三方开发人员编写的修改GNOME工作方式的小代码。 (如果你熟悉Chrome扩展程序或Firefox插件，GNOME Shell扩展程序与它们相似。) 你可以使用此网站查找并安装GNOME Shell扩展。
> 扩展的创建是在正常的GNOME设计和开发过程之外创建的，它们由作者支持，而不是由GNOME社区支持。 一些最初作为扩展实现的功能可能会进入GNOME的未来版本。

## 前提条件

- 您需要一个安装了图形界面（GUI）的 Rocky Linux 工作站或服务器，并且该系统使用 GNOME 作为桌面环境。

## 安装 GNOME 扩展

GNOME扩展是由“appstream”存储库中的 gnome-shell 包提供的。 使用以下命令安装：

```bash
sudo dnf install gnome-shell
```

安装过程中会自动包含所有必需的依赖项。

## 安装浏览器集成

Gnome Extensions有一个软件库，可以通过他们的网站 gnome.extensions.org 获得，在那里你可以直接在他们的网站上安装扩展。 为了实现这一点，你的浏览器和 gnome 扩展需要建立连接。

```bash
sudo dnf install chrome-gnome-shell
```

[安装指导](https://gnome.pages.gitlab.gnome.org/gnome-browser-integration/pages/installation-guide.html){target="_blank"}

## 检测 GNOME shell 版本

方便从 extensions.gnome.org 安装浏览器扩展程序时检测系统当前运行的gnome shell版本。

如果想执行本地安装，你需要下载具有正确GNOME shell版本的扩展。

```bash
gnome-shell --version
```

## 安装一个扩展

对于这个例子，我们将安装常用的 dash-to-dock 扩展。

1. 进入 [dash to dock 扩展页面](https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/307/dash-to-dock/){target="_blank"}
2. 将扩展从 off 关闭切换到 on 打开
![Toggle extension](images/gnome_extensions_images/gnome-shell-extensions-toggle-btn.webp)
3. 当系统提示是否安装扩展时，点击 yes

## 管理已安装的扩展

GNOME 扩展在 gnome.extensions.org 上安装和管理。

要想管理你的 GNOME 扩展, 首先要进入 https://extensions.gnome.org/local/

![管理 GNOME 扩展](images/gnome_extensions_images/gnome-shell-installed-extensions.webp)

在这个页面你将看到一份已安装的扩展列表. 你可以控制每一个扩展是否启用. 还可以通过使用两个可用菜单选项禁用所有扩展(Disable all extensions)和禁用版本验证(Disable version validation)中的任何一个上的切换按钮来切换shell设置。

## 总结

GNOME 扩展是添加附加功能和自定义 GNOME 桌面环境的好工具。
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