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40 changes: 20 additions & 20 deletions docs/books/admin_guide/06-users.md
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Expand Up @@ -4,13 +4,13 @@ title: User Management

# User Management

In this chapter you will learn how to manage user.
In this chapter you will learn how to manage users.

****
**Objectives** : In this chapter, future Linux administrators will learn how to:
**Objectives**: In this chapter, future Linux administrators will learn how to:

:heavy_check_mark: add, delete or modify a **group** ;
:heavy_check_mark: add, delete or modify a **user** ;
:heavy_check_mark: add, delete or modify a **group**;
:heavy_check_mark: add, delete or modify a **user**;
:heavy_check_mark: Understand the files associated with users and groups and learn how to manage them;
:heavy_check_mark: change the *owner* or the *group owner* of a file;
:heavy_check_mark: *secure* user accounts;
Expand All @@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ Each user must have a group, which is called the user's **primary group**.

Several users can be part of the same group.

A group other than the primary group is called the user's **supplementary groups**.
Groups other than the primary group are called the user's **supplementary groups**.

!!! Note

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ Group naming rules:
$ man addgroup
DESCRIPTION
adduser and addgroup add users and groups to the system according to command line options and configuration information
in /etc/adduser.conf. They are friendlier front ends to the low level tools like useradd, groupadd and usermod programs,
in /etc/adduser.conf. They are friendlier front ends to the low-level tools like useradd, groupadd and usermod programs,
by default choosing Debian policy conformant UID and GID values, creating a home directory with skeletal configuration,
running a custom script, and other features.
```
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ $ sudo groupdel GroupC
When deleting a group, there are two conditions that can occur:

* If a user has a unique primary group and you issue the `groupdel` command on that group, you will be prompted that there is a specific user under the group and it cannot be deleted.
* If a user belongs to a suplementary group (not the primary group for the user) and that group is not the primary group for antoher user on the system, then the `groupdel` command will delete the group without any additional prompts.
* If a user belongs to a supplementary group (not the primary group for the user) and that group is not the primary group for antoher user on the system, then the `groupdel` command will delete the group without any additional prompts.

Examples:

Expand All @@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ $ sudo groupdel GroupC

!!! Tip

When you delete a user using the `userdel -r` command, the corresponding primary group is also deleted. The primary group name is usually the same as the user name.
When you delete a user using the `userdel -r` command, the corresponding primary group is also deleted. The primary group name is usually the same as the username.

!!! Tip

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -238,8 +238,8 @@ GroupA:$6$2,9,v...SBn160:alain:rockstar

The name of the group in **/etc/group** and **/etc/gshadow** must correspond one by one, that is, each line in the **/etc/group** file must have a corresponding line in the **/etc/gshadow** file.

A `!` in the password indicates that it is locked.
Thus no user can use the password to access the group (since group members do not need it).
An `!` in the password indicates that it is locked.
Thus, no user can use the password to access the group (since group members do not need it).

## User management

Expand All @@ -257,8 +257,8 @@ A user is defined as follows in the `/etc/passwd` file:

There are three types of users:

* **root(uid=0)**: the system administrator ;
* **system users(uid is one of the 201~999)**: Used by the system to manage application access rights ;
* **root(uid=0)**: the system administrator;
* **system users(uid is one of the 201~999)**: Used by the system to manage application access rights;
* **regular user(uid>=1000)**: Other account to log in to the system.

Modified files, added lines:
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ $ sudo useradd -u 1000 -g GroupA -G GroupP,GroupC albert
```
$ man useradd
DESCRIPTION
**useradd** is a low level utility for adding users. On Debian, administrators should usually use **adduser(8)**
**useradd** is a low-level utility for adding users. On Debian, administrators should usually use **adduser(8)**
instead.
```

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ Options identical to the `useradd` command.
|`-m` | Associated with the `-d` option, moves the contents of the old login directory to the new one.If the old home directory does not exist, a new home directory will not be created; If the new home directory does not exist, it is created.|
|`-l login` | New login name. After you modify the login name, you also need to modify the name of the home directory to match it. |
|`-e YYYY-MM-DD` | Account expiration date. |
|`-L` | Permanently lock account. That is, a `!` is added at the beginning of the `/etc/shadow` password field |
|`-L` | Permanently lock account. That is, an `!` is added at the beginning of the `/etc/shadow` password field |
|`-U` | Unlocks the account. |
|`-a` | Append the user's supplementary groups, which must be used together with the `-G` option. |
|`-G` | Modify the user's supplementary groups to overwrite the previous supplementary groups. |
Expand All @@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ Options identical to the `useradd` command.

To be modified, a user must be disconnected and have no running processes.

After changing the identifier, the files belonging to the user have an unknown `UID`. It must be reassigned the new `UID`.
After changing the identifier, the files belonging to the user have an unknown `UID`. It must be reassigned to the new `UID`.

Where `1000` is the old `UID` and `1044` is the new one. Examples are as follows:

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -610,8 +610,8 @@ $ sudo gpasswd -A alain GroupA
The command `gpasswd -M` acts as a modification, not an addition.
```
# gpasswd GroupeA
New Password :
Re-enter new password :
New Password:
Re-enter new password:
```

### `id` command
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -671,7 +671,7 @@ $ sudo passwd -n 60 -x 90 -w 80 -i 10 patrick

With the `passwd` command, locking an account is accomplished by adding `!!` before the password in the `/etc/shadow` file.

Using the command `usermod -U` command only removes one of the `!`. So the account remains locked.
Using the command `usermod -U` command only removes one of the `!`. So, the account remains locked.

Example:

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -791,8 +791,8 @@ $ sudo useradd -u 501 -N GroupeA
This file contains many default parameters useful for creating or modifying users. This information is grouped by paragraph according to their use:

* Mailboxes;
* Passwords ;
* UID and GID ;
* Passwords;
* UID and GID;
* Umask ;
* Connections;
* Terminals.
Expand Down