appimage: update Dockerfile dependencies

[romanz]

Otherwise, building AppImage fails with:

 > [2/6] RUN apk add --no-cache     bash=5.2.37-r0     alpine-sdk=1.1-r0     util-linux=2.40.4-r1     strace=6.12-r0     file=5.46-r2     autoconf=2.72-r0     automake=1.17-r0     libtool=2.4.7-r3     xz=5.6.3-r1     eudev-dev=3.2.14-r5     gettext-dev=0.22.5-r0     linux-headers=6.6-r1     meson=1.6.1-r0     zstd-dev=1.5.6-r2     zstd-static=1.5.6-r2     zlib-dev=1.3.1-r2     zlib-static=1.3.1-r2     clang19=19.1.4-r0     musl-dev=1.2.5-r9     mimalloc2-dev=2.1.7-r0:                                                                                            
0.140 fetch https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.21/main/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz
0.384 fetch https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.21/community/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz
0.905 ERROR: unable to select packages:
0.906   musl-dev-1.2.5-r11:
0.906     breaks: world[musl-dev=1.2.5-r9]
0.906     satisfies: clang19-19.1.4-r0[musl-dev]
0.906                g++-14.2.0-r4[musl-dev]
0.906                build-base-0.5-r3[libc-dev]
0.907   zlib-dev-1.3.2-r0:
0.907     breaks: world[zlib-dev=1.3.1-r2]
0.907   zlib-static-1.3.2-r0:
0.907     breaks: world[zlib-static=1.3.1-r2]

Found when testing #10465.

[romanz]

https://pkgs.alpinelinux.org/package/v3.21/main/x86/musl-dev -> https://gitlab.alpinelinux.org/alpine/aports/-/commits/21cafa1183cf7501d3f1744994d221c038436e45/main/musl/APKBUILD

[romanz]

https://pkgs.alpinelinux.org/package/v3.21/main/x86/zlib-dev -> https://gitlab.alpinelinux.org/alpine/aports/-/commits/2b38f55109add14f4f99a974c2fdf421b6b9e9e9/main/zlib/APKBUILD

[SomberNight]

Will be somewhat annoying if we have to keep bumping these versions per-package one-by-one.
But #10019 was merged in September, so so far it happened once in 7 months.

[SomberNight]

For future reference, the magic incantation to clear all build cache from docker is: $ docker builder prune --all

[SomberNight]

Thanks!

[SomberNight]

Will be somewhat annoying if we have to keep bumping these versions per-package one-by-one.
But #10019 was merged in September, so so far it happened once in 7 months.