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Merged
splch merged 1 commit into from
Mar 13, 2026
Merged

feat: add 20 new quantum gates across 4 categories #17

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18 changes: 18 additions & 0 deletions backend/quantinuum/serialize.go
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -126,6 +126,20 @@ func qasmGateName(name string) string {
return "cswap"
case "I":
return "id"
case "iSWAP":
return "iswap"
case "ECR":
return "ecr"
case "DCX":
return "dcx"
case "CH":
return "ch"
case "CSX":
return "csx"
case "CCZ":
return "ccz"
case "Sycamore":
return "sycamore"
}
// For parameterized gates, strip the parameter suffix.
if idx := strings.Index(name, "("); idx != -1 {
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -155,6 +169,10 @@ func qasmGateName(name string) string {
return "ryy"
case "RZZ":
return "rzz"
case "U1":
return "u1"
case "U2":
return "u2"
}
}
return strings.ToLower(name)
Expand Down
82 changes: 82 additions & 0 deletions circuit/builder/builder.go
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -137,11 +137,32 @@ func (b *Builder) SWAP(q0, q1 int) *Builder {
return b.Apply(gate.SWAP, q0, q1)
}

// ISWAP applies an iSWAP gate.
func (b *Builder) ISWAP(q0, q1 int) *Builder { return b.Apply(gate.ISWAP, q0, q1) }

// ECR applies an ECR (echoed cross-resonance) gate.
func (b *Builder) ECR(q0, q1 int) *Builder { return b.Apply(gate.ECR, q0, q1) }

// DCX applies a DCX (double CNOT) gate.
func (b *Builder) DCX(q0, q1 int) *Builder { return b.Apply(gate.DCX, q0, q1) }

// CH applies a controlled-Hadamard gate.
func (b *Builder) CH(control, target int) *Builder { return b.Apply(gate.CH, control, target) }

// CSX applies a controlled-√X gate.
func (b *Builder) CSX(control, target int) *Builder { return b.Apply(gate.CSX, control, target) }

// Sycamore applies Google's Sycamore gate.
func (b *Builder) Sycamore(q0, q1 int) *Builder { return b.Apply(gate.Sycamore, q0, q1) }

// CCX applies a Toffoli (CCX) gate.
func (b *Builder) CCX(c0, c1, target int) *Builder {
return b.Apply(gate.CCX, c0, c1, target)
}

// CCZ applies a doubly-controlled Z gate.
func (b *Builder) CCZ(c0, c1, target int) *Builder { return b.Apply(gate.CCZ, c0, c1, target) }

// MCX applies a multi-controlled X gate.
func (b *Builder) MCX(controls []int, target int) *Builder {
qubits := make([]int, len(controls)+1)
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -192,6 +213,27 @@ func (b *Builder) U3(theta, phi, lambda float64, q int) *Builder {
return b.Apply(gate.U3(theta, phi, lambda), q)
}

// U1 applies a U1 (phase) gate.
func (b *Builder) U1(lambda float64, q int) *Builder { return b.Apply(gate.U1(lambda), q) }

// U2 applies a U2 gate.
func (b *Builder) U2(phi, lambda float64, q int) *Builder { return b.Apply(gate.U2(phi, lambda), q) }

// Rot applies a PennyLane-style Rot gate.
func (b *Builder) Rot(phi, theta, omega float64, q int) *Builder {
return b.Apply(gate.Rot(phi, theta, omega), q)
}

// PhasedXZ applies a Cirq-style PhasedXZ gate.
func (b *Builder) PhasedXZ(x, z, a float64, q int) *Builder {
return b.Apply(gate.PhasedXZ(x, z, a), q)
}

// GlobalPhase applies a global phase gate.
func (b *Builder) GlobalPhase(phi float64, q int) *Builder {
return b.Apply(gate.GlobalPhase(phi), q)
}

// StatePrep adds a state preparation gate.
func (b *Builder) StatePrep(amplitudes []complex128, qubits ...int) *Builder {
if b.err != nil {
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -228,6 +270,16 @@ func (b *Builder) RYY(theta float64, q0, q1 int) *Builder { return b.Apply(gate.
// RZZ applies an Ising ZZ rotation gate.
func (b *Builder) RZZ(theta float64, q0, q1 int) *Builder { return b.Apply(gate.RZZ(theta), q0, q1) }

// FSim applies a fermionic simulation gate.
func (b *Builder) FSim(theta, phi float64, q0, q1 int) *Builder {
return b.Apply(gate.FSim(theta, phi), q0, q1)
}

// PSwap applies a parameterized SWAP gate.
func (b *Builder) PSwap(phi float64, q0, q1 int) *Builder {
return b.Apply(gate.PSwap(phi), q0, q1)
}

// SymRX applies a symbolic RX gate.
func (b *Builder) SymRX(theta param.Expr, q int) *Builder {
return b.Apply(param.SymRX(theta), q)
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -273,6 +325,36 @@ func (b *Builder) SymRZZ(theta param.Expr, q0, q1 int) *Builder {
return b.Apply(param.SymRZZ(theta), q0, q1)
}

// SymU1 applies a symbolic U1 gate.
func (b *Builder) SymU1(lambda param.Expr, q int) *Builder {
return b.Apply(param.SymU1(lambda), q)
}

// SymU2 applies a symbolic U2 gate.
func (b *Builder) SymU2(phi, lambda param.Expr, q int) *Builder {
return b.Apply(param.SymU2(phi, lambda), q)
}

// SymRot applies a symbolic Rot gate.
func (b *Builder) SymRot(phi, theta, omega param.Expr, q int) *Builder {
return b.Apply(param.SymRot(phi, theta, omega), q)
}

// SymFSim applies a symbolic FSim gate.
func (b *Builder) SymFSim(theta, phi param.Expr, q0, q1 int) *Builder {
return b.Apply(param.SymFSim(theta, phi), q0, q1)
}

// SymPSwap applies a symbolic PSwap gate.
func (b *Builder) SymPSwap(phi param.Expr, q0, q1 int) *Builder {
return b.Apply(param.SymPSwap(phi), q0, q1)
}

// SymGlobalPhase applies a symbolic GlobalPhase gate.
func (b *Builder) SymGlobalPhase(phi param.Expr, q int) *Builder {
return b.Apply(param.SymGlobalPhase(phi), q)
}

// Measure adds a measurement of qubit to classical bit.
func (b *Builder) Measure(qubit, clbit int) *Builder {
if b.err != nil {
Expand Down
6 changes: 6 additions & 0 deletions circuit/gate/controlled.go
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -107,3 +107,9 @@ func (g *controlled) Matrix() []complex128 {
})
return g.matrix
}

// C3X returns a 3-controlled X gate (4 qubits total).
func C3X() Gate { return MCX(3) }

// C4X returns a 4-controlled X gate (5 qubits total).
func C4X() Gate { return MCX(4) }
67 changes: 65 additions & 2 deletions circuit/gate/fixed.go
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
package gate

import "math"
import (
"math"
"math/cmplx"
)

// fixed is a non-parameterized gate with a precomputed matrix.
type fixed struct {
Expand All @@ -17,7 +20,7 @@ func (g *fixed) Params() []float64 { return nil }
func (g *fixed) Inverse() Gate {
// Self-adjoint gates return themselves.
switch g.name {
case "I", "H", "X", "Y", "Z", "CNOT", "CZ", "SWAP", "CCX", "CSWAP":
case "I", "H", "X", "Y", "Z", "CNOT", "CZ", "SWAP", "CCX", "CSWAP", "ECR", "CCZ":
return g
case "S":
return Sdg
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -129,6 +132,41 @@ var (
0, 0, 0, -1i,
0, 0, 1i, 0,
}}

ISWAP = &fixed{name: "iSWAP", n: 2, matrix: []complex128{
1, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 1i, 0,
0, 1i, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 1,
}}

ECR = &fixed{name: "ECR", n: 2, matrix: []complex128{
0, 0, complex(s2, 0), complex(0, s2),
0, 0, complex(0, s2), complex(s2, 0),
complex(s2, 0), complex(0, -s2), 0, 0,
complex(0, -s2), complex(s2, 0), 0, 0,
}}

DCX = &fixed{name: "DCX", n: 2, matrix: []complex128{
1, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 1,
0, 1, 0, 0,
0, 0, 1, 0,
}}

CH = &fixed{name: "CH", n: 2, matrix: []complex128{
1, 0, 0, 0,
0, 1, 0, 0,
0, 0, complex(s2, 0), complex(s2, 0),
0, 0, complex(s2, 0), complex(-s2, 0),
}}

CSX = &fixed{name: "CSX", n: 2, matrix: []complex128{
1, 0, 0, 0,
0, 1, 0, 0,
0, 0, complex(0.5, 0.5), complex(0.5, -0.5),
0, 0, complex(0.5, -0.5), complex(0.5, 0.5),
}}
)

// Standard three-qubit gates.
Expand All @@ -154,4 +192,29 @@ var (
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1,
}}

CCZ = &fixed{name: "CCZ", n: 3, matrix: []complex128{
1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, -1,
}}
)

// Special gates.
var (
Sycamore = &fixed{name: "Sycamore", n: 2, matrix: func() []complex128 {
// FSim(π/2, π/6): Google's native 2-qubit gate.
phi := math.Pi / 6
return []complex128{
1, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, -1i, 0,
0, -1i, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, cmplx.Exp(complex(0, -phi)),
}
}()}
)
87 changes: 86 additions & 1 deletion circuit/gate/gate_test.go
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -13,10 +13,15 @@ func TestUnitarity(t *testing.T) {
gates := []Gate{
I, H, X, Y, Z, S, Sdg, T, Tdg, SX,
CNOT, CZ, SWAP, CY, CCX, CSWAP,
ISWAP, ECR, DCX, CH, CSX, CCZ, Sycamore,
RX(math.Pi / 4), RY(math.Pi / 3), RZ(math.Pi / 6),
Phase(math.Pi / 4), U3(math.Pi/4, math.Pi/3, math.Pi/6),
U1(math.Pi / 4), U2(math.Pi/4, math.Pi/6),
Rot(math.Pi/4, math.Pi/3, math.Pi/6),
PhasedXZ(0.5, 0.3, 0.1), GlobalPhase(math.Pi / 4),
CP(math.Pi / 4), CRZ(math.Pi / 3), CRX(math.Pi / 4), CRY(math.Pi / 5),
RXX(math.Pi / 4), RYY(math.Pi / 3), RZZ(math.Pi / 6),
FSim(math.Pi/4, math.Pi/6), PSwap(math.Pi / 4),
GPI(math.Pi / 4), GPI2(math.Pi / 3), MS(math.Pi/4, math.Pi/6),
}
for _, g := range gates {
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -55,9 +60,14 @@ func assertUnitary(t *testing.T, g Gate) {
func TestInverse(t *testing.T) {
gates := []Gate{
I, H, X, Y, Z, S, Sdg, T, Tdg, SX,
CNOT, CZ, SWAP, CY,
CNOT, CZ, SWAP, CY, CCX, CSWAP,
ISWAP, ECR, DCX, CH, CSX, CCZ, Sycamore,
RX(math.Pi / 4), RY(math.Pi / 3), RZ(math.Pi / 6),
U1(math.Pi / 4), U2(math.Pi/4, math.Pi/6),
Rot(math.Pi/4, math.Pi/3, math.Pi/6),
PhasedXZ(0.5, 0.3, 0.1), GlobalPhase(math.Pi / 4),
RXX(math.Pi / 4), RYY(math.Pi / 3), RZZ(math.Pi / 6),
FSim(math.Pi/4, math.Pi/6), PSwap(math.Pi / 4),
}
for _, g := range gates {
t.Run(g.Name(), func(t *testing.T) {
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -99,6 +109,34 @@ func TestKnownMatrices(t *testing.T) {
{"H", H, []complex128{complex(s2, 0), complex(s2, 0), complex(s2, 0), complex(-s2, 0)}},
{"S", S, []complex128{1, 0, 0, 1i}},
{"T", T, []complex128{1, 0, 0, complex(s2, s2)}},
{"iSWAP", ISWAP, []complex128{
1, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 1i, 0,
0, 1i, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 1,
}},
{"ECR", ECR, []complex128{
0, 0, complex(s2, 0), complex(0, s2),
0, 0, complex(0, s2), complex(s2, 0),
complex(s2, 0), complex(0, -s2), 0, 0,
complex(0, -s2), complex(s2, 0), 0, 0,
}},
{"DCX", DCX, []complex128{
1, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 1,
0, 1, 0, 0,
0, 0, 1, 0,
}},
{"CCZ[7,7]", CCZ, []complex128{
1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, -1,
}},
}
for _, tc := range tests {
t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -169,6 +207,48 @@ func TestParameterizedGates(t *testing.T) {
0, 0, 1i, 0,
0, 0, 0, -1i,
})

// U1(0) = I
m = U1(0).Matrix()
assertMatrixClose(t, "U1(0)", m, []complex128{1, 0, 0, 1})

// U1(lambda) should match Phase(lambda)
m = U1(math.Pi / 4).Matrix()
mp := Phase(math.Pi / 4).Matrix()
assertMatrixClose(t, "U1==Phase", m, mp)

// U2(0,0) = (1/sqrt2) * [[1, -1], [1, 1]]
s2v := 1.0 / math.Sqrt2
m = U2(0, 0).Matrix()
assertMatrixClose(t, "U2(0,0)", m, []complex128{
complex(s2v, 0), complex(-s2v, 0),
complex(s2v, 0), complex(s2v, 0),
})

// Rot(0,0,0) = I
m = Rot(0, 0, 0).Matrix()
assertMatrixClose(t, "Rot(0,0,0)", m, []complex128{1, 0, 0, 1})

// GlobalPhase(0) = I
m = GlobalPhase(0).Matrix()
assertMatrixClose(t, "GlobalPhase(0)", m, []complex128{1, 0, 0, 1})

// FSim(0,0) = I
m = FSim(0, 0).Matrix()
assertMatrixClose(t, "FSim(0,0)", m, []complex128{
1, 0, 0, 0,
0, 1, 0, 0,
0, 0, 1, 0,
0, 0, 0, 1,
})

// FSim(pi/2, pi/6) should match Sycamore matrix
m = FSim(math.Pi/2, math.Pi/6).Matrix()
assertMatrixClose(t, "FSim==Sycamore", m, Sycamore.Matrix())

// PSwap(0) = SWAP
m = PSwap(0).Matrix()
assertMatrixClose(t, "PSwap(0)", m, SWAP.Matrix())
}

func assertMatrixClose(t *testing.T, name string, got, want []complex128) {
Expand All @@ -183,6 +263,11 @@ func assertMatrixClose(t *testing.T, name string, got, want []complex128) {
}
}

// TestCCZMatchesMCZ2 verifies CCZ matrix matches Controlled(Z, 2).
func TestCCZMatchesMCZ2(t *testing.T) {
assertMatrixClose(t, "CCZ==MCZ(2)", CCZ.Matrix(), MCZ(2).Matrix())
}

func TestGateProperties(t *testing.T) {
if H.Name() != "H" {
t.Errorf("H.Name() = %q, want %q", H.Name(), "H")
Expand Down
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