URL.render_as_string() generates incorrectly-escaped URL due to `_sqla_url_quote`

[puilp0502]

Describe the bug

The sqlalchemy.URL.render_as_string() method does not escape '%' signs, resulting in a broken URL that cannot be re-parsed by SQLAlchemy.

Optional link from https://docs.sqlalchemy.org which documents the behavior that is expected

No response

SQLAlchemy Version in Use

2.0.23

DBAPI (i.e. the database driver)

psycopg2

Database Vendor and Major Version

PostgreSQL 15

Python Version

3.10

Operating system

MacOS

To Reproduce

from sqlalchemy.engine import make_url
from sqlalchemy import URL

url = URL.create(drivername="postgres", username="a", password="a%7db", host="localhost")
recreated = make_url(url.render_as_string(hide_password=False))
assert url.password == recreated.password, f"{url.password} != {recreated.password}"

Error

Python 3.10.13 (main, Nov  6 2023, 23:53:04) [Clang 15.0.0 (clang-1500.0.40.1)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> from sqlalchemy.engine import make_url
>>> from sqlalchemy import URL
>>> url = URL.create(drivername="postgres", username="a", password="a%7db", host="localhost")
>>> recreated = make_url(url.render_as_string(hide_password=False))
>>> assert url.password == recreated.password, f"{url.password} != {recreated.password}"
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
AssertionError: a%7db != a}b
>>> 

Additional context

No response

[zzzeek]

#10662