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Networking Basics — Cisco Packet Tracer Labs

A hands-on networking lab workbook built and verified in Cisco Packet Tracer. It walks through how devices communicate on a LAN and builds up to VLANs, inter-VLAN routing, and a segmented multi-interface router network. Each section includes the configuration used and screenshot evidence of the working result.

The full write-up, with all CLI screenshots and verification output, is in Networking-Basics.pdf.


Contents

  1. LAN fundamentals — two PCs and a switch
  2. Switch access and base configuration
  3. VLANs and inter-VLAN routing
  4. Network segmentation with a multi-interface router

Tools used

  • Cisco Packet Tracer — network simulation and CLI configuration
  • Cisco IOS command line (switch and router)

Every command shown runs identically in Packet Tracer, GNS3, or on physical Cisco gear.


1. LAN fundamentals — two PCs and a switch

Goal: connect two PCs through a switch, address them manually, and confirm they can communicate on the same LAN.

Addressing

Device IP Address Subnet Mask
PC1 192.168.1.10 255.255.255.0
PC2 192.168.1.20 255.255.255.0
Default gateway 192.168.1.1

What this section demonstrates

  • Static IP configuration on end devices.
  • Bidirectional connectivity testing with ping (PC1 → PC2 and PC2 → PC1).
  • An OSI-model view of a single packet as it is encapsulated, crosses the switch, and is decapsulated at the far end.

2. Switch access and base configuration

Goal: access a Cisco switch through the console and apply a baseline configuration.

Configured in this section

  • Console access to the switch CLI.
  • hostname to identify the device.
  • A management IP on the switch (SVI) so it can be reached over the network.
  • Password protection for privileged access.

This is the standard first-touch configuration a technician applies to any new switch before it goes into service.


3. VLANs and inter-VLAN routing

Goal: segment a switch into separate VLANs and allow them to communicate through a router (router-on-a-stick).

IP plan

VLAN Subnet Gateway
VLAN 10 — Sales 192.168.10.0/24 192.168.10.1
VLAN 20 — Engineering 192.168.20.0/24 192.168.20.1
VLAN 30 — Management 192.168.30.0/24 192.168.30.1

What this section demonstrates

  • Switch configuration — creating VLANs, assigning access ports, and configuring the trunk link toward the router.
  • Router configuration — one sub-interface per VLAN with 802.1Q encapsulation, each acting as that VLAN's default gateway.
  • Verificationshow vlan brief, trunk verification (show interfaces trunk), confirming the router gateways, and end-to-end connectivity between VLANs.

4. Network segmentation with a multi-interface router

Goal: separate three departments onto their own physical router interfaces and route between them.

Addressing plan

Segment Device IP Address Mask Gateway
A — Management R1 Gi0/0 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0
PC1 192.168.10.10 255.255.255.0 192.168.10.1
PC2 192.168.10.20 255.255.255.0 192.168.10.1
B — Sales R1 Gi0/1 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0
PC3 192.168.20.10 255.255.255.0 192.168.20.1
PC4 192.168.20.20 255.255.255.0 192.168.20.1
C — Engineering R1 Gi0/2 192.168.30.1 255.255.255.0
PC5 192.168.30.10 255.255.255.0 192.168.30.1
PC6 192.168.30.20 255.255.255.0 192.168.30.1

What this section demonstrates

  • Per-segment router interface configuration (Segments A, B, and C).
  • Verification that all interfaces are up/up (show ip interface brief).
  • Verification of the routing table (show ip route) showing the three directly connected networks.
  • A complete test matrix proving reachability across segments: PC1–PC2, PC3–PC4, PC5–PC6, PC1–PC3, PC1–PC5, PC3–PC5, PC2–PC4.

Skills demonstrated

  • Static IP addressing and LAN connectivity testing
  • The OSI model applied to real packet flow
  • Cisco switch access and baseline configuration
  • Subnetting and VLSM design
  • VLANs, trunking, and inter-VLAN routing (router-on-a-stick)
  • Multi-interface router segmentation and route verification
  • Structured verification and testing (test matrix, show commands)

Repository structure

networking-lab/
├── README.md                 # this file
├── Networking-Basic-lab.pdf    # full lab write-up with screenshots


How to use this repo

  1. Download Networking-Basics.pdf (or open the PDF) to read the full write-up.
  2. Recreate each lab in Cisco Packet Tracer using the addressing tables above.
  3. Apply the configurations and confirm your results against the verification screenshots.

Author

Maintained by Njokwonyi Stanelius. Contributions and suggestions welcome via issues or pull requests.

About

A hands-on networking lab built and verified in Cisco Packet Tracer. It walks through how devices communicate on a LAN and builds up to VLANs, inter-VLAN routing, and a segmented multi-interface router network.

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