xstate@6.0.0-alpha.1

Major Changes

• #44 52970ea Thanks @pull! - Invoked and spawned actors are no longer started directly by actor.start(). They now start as part of the transition that creates them (via an internal deferred start action), the same way other entry effects run.

  The user-visible consequence: a child that fails synchronously while starting now surfaces that failure through the invoking state's onError transition instead of throwing out of actor.start():

  const machine = createMachine({
    initial: 'loading',
    states: {
      loading: {
        invoke: {
          src: createAsyncLogic({
            run: () => {
              throw new Error('boom'); // sync failure on start
            }
          }),
          onError: 'failed'
        }
      },
      failed: {}
    }
  });
  
  const actor = createActor(machine).start(); // does not throw
  actor.getSnapshot().value; // 'failed'

  Restored (rehydrated) children that were active when a snapshot was persisted are still restarted on actor.start(), so persistence behavior is unchanged.

• #44 52970ea Thanks @pull! - Actions, guards, and transitions are now plain inline functions, and the v5 action/guard creators are removed.

  Removed exports: assign, raise, sendTo, sendParent, forwardTo, emit, log, cancel, spawnChild, stop, stopChild, enqueueActions, and the guard creators and, or, not, stateIn.

  Instead, a transition/action/guard is a function (args, enq) => ...:

  • Update context by returning a partial-or-full { context } patch (no more assign).
  • Perform side effects through the enq enqueue object: enq.raise, enq.sendTo, enq.emit, enq.log, enq.cancel, enq.spawn, enq.stop, plus enq(fn, ...args) for arbitrary effects.
  • Guards are just functions that return a boolean (or undefined/false to block).

  - import { assign, raise, sendTo, and, not } from 'xstate';
  
    const machine = createMachine({
      context: { count: 0 },
      on: {
  -     INC: {
  -       guard: and([not('isMax'), 'isReady']),
  -       actions: assign({ count: ({ context }) => context.count + 1 })
  -     }
  +     INC: ({ context, guards }) => {
  +       if (guards.isMax(context) || !guards.isReady(context)) return;
  +       return { context: { count: context.count + 1 } };
  +     }
      }
    });

  The stateIn guard is replaced by checking the snapshot directly — use snapshot.matches(...) inside a transition function:

  on: {
    CHECK: ({ self }) => {
      if (self.getSnapshot().matches({ b: 'b2' })) {
        return { target: 'a2' };
      }
    };
  }

  For matching by state id (the '#id' form, which matches() doesn't resolve), the exported checkStateIn(snapshot, '#id') helper is also available.

• #44 52970ea Thanks @pull! - Remove the deprecated interpret function and Interpreter type. Use createActor(...) and Actor (or ActorRefFrom<...>) instead.

  - import { interpret, type Interpreter } from 'xstate';
  - const actor = interpret(machine);
  + import { createActor, type Actor } from 'xstate';
  + const actor = createActor(machine);

• #44 52970ea Thanks @pull! - schemas is now the way to type a machine, replacing v5's types: {} as {...}. Each schemas field accepts any Standard Schema (Zod, Valibot, …) for both type inference and (where supported) runtime validation, or types<T>() for types only.

  Notably, schemas.events is a map of event-type → payload schema, inferred into a discriminated union keyed by type:

  import { createMachine } from 'xstate';
  import { z } from 'zod';
  
  const machine = createMachine({
    schemas: {
      context: z.object({ count: z.number() }),
      events: {
        inc: z.object({ by: z.number() }),
        reset: z.object({})
      },
      input: z.object({ start: z.number() }),
      output: z.object({ total: z.number() }),
      emitted: { changed: z.object({ count: z.number() }) },
      tags: z.union([z.literal('busy'), z.literal('idle')]),
      meta: z.object({ label: z.string() })
    },
    context: ({ input }) => ({ count: input.start }),
    initial: 'active',
    states: {
      active: {
        on: {
          inc: ({ context, event }) => ({
            context: { count: context.count + event.by }
          })
        }
      }
    }
  });

  • context → context type (literal initial values are widened, so updates typecheck).
  • events → { type: 'inc'; by: number } | { type: 'reset' }; payloads are typed on event in every transition/action/guard function.
  • input → typed createActor(machine, { input }) and the context initializer argument.
  • output → typed snapshot.output.
  • emitted → typed actor.on('changed', (ev) => ev.count).
  • tags → constrains snapshot.hasTag(...).
  • meta → typed state meta.

  actors, actions, guards, and delays are top-level config keys (now inline functions), not schemas keys.

• #44 96aee67 Thanks @pull! - Separate concrete actors from actor refs in public types. ActorRef now represents the consumer-facing contract for sending events, reading published snapshots, and listening to emitted events with actorRef.on(...); concrete Actor instances provide lifecycle and runtime capabilities and still satisfy actor ref contracts.

• #44 52970ea Thanks @pull! - setup(...) no longer registers implementations. It now takes only { schemas?, states? } and returns { createMachine, createStateConfig, states }.

  In v5, setup({ schemas, actors, actions, guards, delays }) registered named implementations and returned action creators (assign, sendTo, raise, …). In v6, actions/guards/actors/delays are plain inline functions, so setup no longer accepts or returns them. Its job is now machine- and state-level typing: it validates state keys, initial, and transition targets against the declared states, and types per-state input/context.

  const { createMachine, createStateConfig } = setup({
    schemas: {
      context: types<{ count: number }>(),
      events: { INC: types<{ value: number }>() }
    },
    states: {
      idle: {},
      loading: { schemas: { input: z.object({ userId: z.string() }) } }
    }
  });

  setup().createMachine() merges setup schemas with config schemas. Bare createMachine({ schemas }) infers the same machine-level types without the state-key checks.

Minor Changes

• #44 52970ea Thanks @pull! - Add actor.trigger — a typed event-sender proxy. actor.trigger.EVENT(payload) is shorthand for actor.send({ type: 'EVENT', ...payload }):

  actor.trigger.NEXT();
  actor.trigger.INC({ by: 5 });

• #44 021cc56 Thanks @pull! - Machine JSON revival now preserves more of the serialized machine definition, including delayed transitions, state timeouts, state tags, state output, invoke input, invoke completion transitions, invoke timeouts, and implementation maps passed to createMachineFromConfig.

  const machine = createMachineFromConfig(
    {
      initial: 'loading',
      states: {
        loading: {
          invoke: {
            src: 'loadUser',
            input: { userId: '42' },
            onDone: { target: 'done' },
            timeout: 5000,
            onTimeout: { target: 'timedOut' }
          }
        },
        done: {},
        timedOut: {}
      }
    },
    {
      actors: { loadUser }
    }
  );

  The migration codemod now reports manual review notes for known non-rename migrations such as fromPromise(...), return assign(...), object-form actions/guards, and legacy types: {} schema declarations.

• #44 52970ea Thanks @pull! - createLogic and createAsyncLogic gain a durable-effect enqueue API on their run function's second argument (enq).

  • enq.effect(key?, fn) registers a side effect that runs once per key (an unnamed effect runs every transition) and is cleaned up when the actor stops.
  • enq.step(key, asyncFn) (async logic) is an await-able step whose result is memoized into the persisted snapshot under snapshot.effects[key]. A rehydrated actor replays run but skips steps that already completed, so long-running async logic is resumable across persistence.

  const logic = createAsyncLogic({
    run: async (_, enq) => {
      const user = await enq.step('fetchUser', () => fetchUser());
      const order = await enq.step('createOrder', () => createOrder(user.id));
      return order.id;
    }
  });
  
  // snapshot.effects.fetchUser === { status: 'done', output: { id: 1 } }

  A pending step can also be resolved externally by sending { type: 'xstate.logic.effect.resolve', key, output }. The LogicEnqueue, LogicEffect, and LogicEffectState types are exported.

• #44 52970ea Thanks @pull! - Add timeouts and duration-string delays.

  • State-level timeout / onTimeout — declare a timeout on a state that transitions when the duration elapses (and is cancelled if the state is exited first):

    states: {
      waiting: {
        timeout: 1000,
        onTimeout: 'escalated'
      },
      escalated: {}
    }

  • createAsyncLogic timeout — async logic can time out; when it does, the run's AbortSignal is aborted and the actor errors with a TimeoutError (exported from xstate):

    const logic = createAsyncLogic({
      timeout: '10ms',
      run: ({ signal }) => fetch('/slow', { signal })
    });

  • Invoke-level timeout / onTimeout — an invocation can race a timeout: if the invoked actor doesn't complete in time, the onTimeout transition is taken; if it settles first (or the state is exited), the timeout is cancelled. timeout accepts a number, a duration string, a referenced delay, or a function ({ context, event }) => duration. Both state- and invoke-level timeout throw at construction if declared without a matching onTimeout.

    working: {
      invoke: {
        src: fetchReport,
        timeout: ({ context }) => context.slaMs,
        onTimeout: 'timedOut',
        onDone: 'done'
      }
    }

  • Duration-string delays — delays (including after and timeout) accept human-readable strings like '10ms' and '5s', as well as ISO-8601 durations like 'PT2M', in addition to numbers:

    waiting: {
      after: {
        '5s': 'timedOut'
      }
    }

• #44 d9079cd Thanks @pull! - Logic creators now accept Standard Schemas for type inference.

  createLogic(...) and createAsyncLogic(...) accept schemas.input and
  schemas.output:

  const loadUser = createAsyncLogic({
    schemas: {
      input: z.object({ userId: z.string() }),
      output: z.object({ name: z.string() })
    },
    run: async ({ input }) => {
      input.userId; // string
  
      return {
        name: 'David'
      };
    }
  });

  The schemas are type-only for now. Runtime validation will be added later as an opt-in behavior.

  createCallbackLogic(...), createObservableLogic(...), and createEventObservableLogic(...) also accept schemas.input with object-form config:

  const logic = createCallbackLogic({
    schemas: {
      input: z.object({ userId: z.string() })
    },
    run: ({ input }) => {
      input.userId; // string
    }
  });

• #44 52970ea Thanks @pull! - Add createStateConfig(...) — author a standalone, fully-typed state node config (with schemas) that can be composed into a machine, mirroring how setup(...).createMachine(...) infers types.

  import { createStateConfig } from 'xstate';
  
  const loading = createStateConfig({
    on: {
      RESOLVE: 'success'
    }
  });

  This is the building block for authoring machines as plain data: a createStateConfig node is a typed, serializable config object you compose into a machine — useful for data-first / JSON-driven state machines (round-tripping with serializeMachine/createMachineFromConfig) while keeping per-state schema typing.

• #44 52970ea Thanks @pull! - Add enq.listen and enq.subscribeTo for subscribing to other actors from inside transition/action functions.

  • enq.listen(ref, eventType, mapper) subscribes to events emitted by another actor (supports wildcards like 'data.*') and relays a mapped event back to the current actor.
  • enq.subscribeTo(ref, mappers) subscribes to another actor's snapshot/done/error (pass { snapshot, done, error }, or a single function as snapshot shorthand). It also accepts an atom, in which case the mapper receives the atom's current value.

  Both return a stoppable child ref (enq.stop(ref)) and are torn down automatically when the parent stops. The underlying logic creators createListenerLogic and createSubscriptionLogic are exported.

  entry: (_, enq) => {
    const child = enq.spawn(childLogic, { id: 'child' });
    enq.listen(child, 'data.*', (ev) => ({ type: 'DATA', value: ev.value }));
    enq.subscribeTo(child, {
      done: (output) => ({ type: 'CHILD_DONE', output })
    });
  };

• #44 52970ea Thanks @pull! - Add internalEvents: a list of event types that may be raised from within the machine (e.g. via enq.raise(...)) but are rejected when sent to the actor from the outside.

  const machine = createMachine({
    internalEvents: ['tick'] as const,
    initial: 'idle',
    states: {
      idle: {
        on: {
          start: (_, enq) => {
            enq.raise({ type: 'tick' }); // allowed internally
          },
          tick: 'running'
        }
      },
      running: {}
    }
  });
  
  // actor.send({ type: 'tick' }) from outside is rejected

• #44 021cc56 Thanks @pull! - State-level schemas.context now narrows context types for state actions, transition functions, and snapshots checked with snapshot.matches(...).

  const machine = setup({
    states: {
      idle: {
        schemas: { context: z.object({ user: z.null() }) }
      },
      success: {
        schemas: { context: z.object({ user: z.string() }) }
      }
    }
  }).createMachine({
    schemas: {
      context: z.object({ user: z.string().nullable() }),
      events: {
        LOAD: z.object({})
      }
    },
    initial: 'idle',
    context: { user: null },
    states: {
      idle: {
        on: {
          LOAD: () => ({
            target: 'success',
            context: { user: 'Ada' }
          })
        }
      },
      success: {
        entry: ({ context }) => {
          context.user; // string
        }
      }
    }
  });
  
  const actor = createActor(machine).start();
  const snapshot = actor.getSnapshot();
  
  if (snapshot.matches('success')) {
    snapshot.context.user; // string
  }

  State-level schemas.input is also supported: input supplied on a transition or initial ({ target, input }) is typed in that state's entry/exit and transition functions via ({ input }), read from a snapshot with snapshot.getInputs() (keyed by state node id), and typed recursively for nested states.

• #44 52970ea Thanks @pull! - Add choice states — a state that immediately routes to a target via a resolver function, returning the first matching transition config.

  const machine = createMachine({
    context: { userStatus: 'vip' },
    initial: 'routing',
    states: {
      routing: {
        type: 'choice',
        choice: ({ context }) => {
          if (context.userStatus === 'vip') return { target: 'vipFlow' };
          return { target: 'standardFlow' };
        }
      },
      vipFlow: {},
      standardFlow: {}
    }
  });

  A choice state must declare a choice function and must resolve to a target, and may not declare entry/exit/on/after/invoke — these throw at construction.