An interactive, Duolingo-style quantum computing course built for iPad with Apple Pencil support. Takes students from basic algebra through Shor's algorithm and the quantum computing landscape across 20 chapters, 361 practice problems, and 86 unique problem types — all with deterministic grading that runs entirely in the browser.
| Ch | Title | Topics |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Algebra Refresher | Linear equations, substitution, square roots, exponents |
| 2 | Vectors in 2D | Vector addition, scalar multiplication, magnitude |
| 3 | Unit Vectors | Normalization, unit vector checks, quantum probability |
| 4 | Complex Numbers | Addition, multiplication, conjugate, magnitude |
| 5 | Matrices | Matrix-vector multiply, matrix-matrix multiply, identity |
| Ch | Title | Topics |
|---|---|---|
| 6 | Dirac Notation | Bra-ket formalism, inner products, orthogonality, probability |
| 7 | Quantum Gates | Pauli X/Z, Hadamard, gate-then-measure, gate composition |
| 8 | Measurement | Born rule (complex amplitudes), valid states, expected counts, missing amplitude |
| 9 | Tensor Products | Two-qubit basis, tensor products, joint states, decomposition, measurement probabilities, separability |
| 10 | Entanglement | CNOT gate, Bell states, entangled measurement |
| 11 | Quantum Circuits | Circuit tracing (1- and 2-qubit), output probabilities, equivalence |
| Ch | Title | Topics |
|---|---|---|
| 12 | Rotation Gates | Bloch sphere, Rx/Ry/Rz rotation matrices, Euler decomposition |
| 13 | Phase Gates | S, S-dagger, T, T-dagger gates, phase family relationships |
| 14 | Multi-Qubit Gates | CZ, SWAP, Toffoli (3-qubit), controlled-H/S gates |
| 15 | Quantum Teleportation | Bell pair setup, Alice's operations, measurement, Bob's correction |
| Ch | Title | Topics |
|---|---|---|
| 16 | Deutsch-Jozsa | Constant vs balanced functions, oracle circuits, phase kickback |
| 17 | Grover's Search | Oracle marking, diffusion operator, quadratic speedup, optimality |
| 18 | Error Correction | Bit-flip code, phase-flip code, Shor code, threshold theorem |
| 19 | Shor's Algorithm | Period finding, modular arithmetic, QFT concept, factoring |
| 20 | The Landscape | Qubit technologies, NISQ era, quantum advantage, fault tolerance |
- Quantum Circuit Builder — drag-and-drop circuit editor with 1-4 qubit state vector simulator, step-through execution with matrix math panel, 1000-shot measurement histogram, 8 preset circuits, parameterized rotation gates (Rx/Ry/Rz) with angle popup, gate unlock progression tied to chapter completion, named circuit saves (up to 20), keyboard shortcuts, gate placement/removal animations, toast notifications, scroll indicators, and landscape split layout
- 361 sub-problems across 102 lesson steps in 20 chapters
- 86 problem generators with structural variations (negatives, edge cases, extended operations) and 10 answer types (numeric, vector, vector4, vector8, complex, matrix, yesno, angle, gate_name, choice)
- Dynamic teaching units — teaching text, worked examples, and practice problems advance together in lockstep per sub-problem. The worked example always matches the problem being asked, with different random numbers so students can't copy answers
- Multiple-choice UI — conceptual questions (teleportation, algorithms, error correction) render as styled choice buttons rather than text input
- Anti-frustration system — after 2 wrong attempts on the same variation, the worked solution appears inline so students don't get stuck
- "Why This Matters" — every problem shows a plain-English explanation connecting the math to real quantum computing
- Ask Tutor — AI chat powered by Claude, available before, during, and after answering. Gives hints while you work (without spoiling the answer) and explains concepts after you answer
- Worked solutions shown on incorrect answers with step-by-step breakdowns
- Apple Pencil notepad for working out problems by hand, with palm rejection
- Optional AI work review — vision-based feedback on handwritten work via Claude API
- Progress tracking — localStorage persistence, sequential chapter unlocking, lesson progress resume
- Quiz gates — pass the quiz to unlock the next chapter
- 20 Chapter Experiments — sandbox-style interactive labs that unlock after completing each chapter. No scoring, no rounds — pure exploration with live feedback:
- Ch 1: Equation Balancer — solve and balance algebraic equations
- Ch 2: Vector Playground — drag vectors, see addition and magnitude in real time
- Ch 3: Normalization Machine — stretch and normalize vectors with physics beam
- Ch 4: Complex Multiplier — multiply complex numbers, see rotation + scaling animated on the complex plane
- Ch 5: Transformation Sandbox — apply 2×2 matrices to shapes, chain transforms, see determinant
- Ch 6: State Explorer — adjust α/β amplitudes, watch probability bars change, preset quantum states
- Ch 7: Gate Laboratory — apply X/Y/Z/H gates to a Bloch sphere, see animated rotations, undo and history
- Ch 8: Quantum Coin Toss — measure qubits with Born rule, histogram buildup, rapid-fire 100× mode
- Ch 9: Qubit Combiner — combine two independent qubits via tensor product, dual Bloch spheres, 4-element probability histogram
- Ch 10: Entanglement Lab — prepare Bell states, measure one qubit and watch the other instantly collapse, correlation tracking
- Ch 11: Circuit Puzzler — tap-to-place circuit builder with X/H/Z/CNOT gates, run circuits, target matching challenges
- Ch 12: Bloch Sphere Painter — paint colored trails on the Bloch sphere with Rx/Ry/Rz rotation sliders, discover global phase
- Ch 13: Phase Clock — clock face showing phase angle, T/S/Z gate buttons add fixed increments, discover T²=S, S²=Z
- Ch 14: Gate Wiring Lab — build equivalent circuits from simpler gates (CZ, SWAP decomposition), test all inputs with truth table
- Ch 15: Teleportation Simulator — step through the quantum teleportation protocol with Alice/Bob split screen, 3-qubit state vector, classical bit animation, correction gate picker
- Ch 16: Oracle Detective — classical vs quantum side-by-side, query oracle inputs one by one or solve in one shot with Deutsch-Jozsa, 1/2/3-bit scale selector
- Ch 17: Quantum Search Race — visualize Grover's amplitude amplification with step-by-step Oracle/Diffusion/Measure, race mode vs classical search, N=4/8/16
- Ch 18: Noisy Quantum Lab — noise slider with side-by-side histograms comparing uncorrected vs 3-qubit bit-flip code, watch error correction fight noise and fail at the threshold
- Ch 19: Period Finder — pick N and base a, watch modular exponentiation table fill in, see the repeating pattern on a graph, tap the period, extract factors via GCD
- Ch 20: Hardware Explorer — radar chart comparison of 5 real quantum hardware technologies, stat bars, company details, compare mode with overlay
- Python 3.10+
pip install fastapi uvicorn anthropic python-dotenv
python app.py # serves at http://0.0.0.0:8000The app is fully functional without an API key. All grading runs deterministically in the browser. To enable the optional AI tutoring chat and vision-based work review, set ANTHROPIC_API_KEY in a .env file.
Connect your iPad to the same network and navigate to http://<your-ip>:8000.
app.py FastAPI server + 3 AI endpoints
static/
app.js SPA router, state machine, screen renderers, progression loop
templates.js 86 dynamic teaching unit templates
problems.js 86 problem generators + answer checker (10 answer types)
chapters.js 20 chapters with progression arrays and lesson structure
experiments.js Interactive experiment definitions per chapter (mount/cleanup pattern)
experiment-ui.js Shared experiment components (GridCanvas, BlochSphere, HistogramRenderer, CircuitSimulator, ClockFace, StepSequencer, RadarChart)
simulator.js 1-4 qubit state vector simulator with step-through history + measurement
circuit.js Circuit data model: gate placement, collision detection, serialization
circuit-ui.js Circuit builder UI: drag-and-drop, angle popup, presets, math panel
keyboard.js Custom answer keyboard (context-aware per answer type)
canvas.js Apple Pencil drawing engine with palm rejection
style.css Duolingo-inspired dark theme design system
index.html Single-page shell
| Endpoint | Purpose | Model |
|---|---|---|
/api/ask |
Context-aware AI tutor chat | Claude Sonnet |
/api/read-answer |
OCR for handwritten answers | Claude Sonnet (vision) |
/api/review-work |
AI feedback on handwritten work | Claude Sonnet (vision) |
Dynamic Teaching Units — Teaching content is generated programmatically from templates defined per problem type. Each template produces a complete teaching unit for a given difficulty and variation:
TEMPLATES[problemType].generate(difficulty, variation)
// Returns: { teachingText, workedExample: { problem, steps, insight }, tryIt: { question, answer, ... } }The worked example and practice problem are structurally identical but use different random numbers. When a student retries, the entire panel re-renders with fresh numbers for both.
Lesson Progression — Each lesson step defines a progression array of 3-5 sub-problems that escalate in difficulty:
progression: [
{ difficulty: 1, variation: 'basic' }, // mirrors the worked example
{ difficulty: 1, variation: 'with_negatives' }, // introduces negative values
{ difficulty: 2, variation: 'edge_case' }, // zero components, purely real, etc.
{ difficulty: 2, variation: 'extended' }, // more operands or combined operations
]The variation parameter controls problem structure (negatives, pure-real terms, three operands), while difficulty controls number ranges. Students must complete all sub-problems in a step before advancing.
Answer Types — The client-side grader supports 10 answer formats:
| Type | Format | Example |
|---|---|---|
numeric |
Number | 42, -3, 1.41 |
vector |
2D vector | 3, 4 |
vector4 |
4D vector (2-qubit) | 0.71, 0, 0, 0.71 |
vector8 |
8D vector (3-qubit) | 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 |
complex |
Complex number | 3 + 4i |
matrix |
2x2 matrix | 1 2; 3 4 |
yesno |
Boolean | yes / no |
angle |
Angle in terms of pi | pi/4, 3pi/2 |
gate_name |
Gate identifier | X, CNOT, S |
choice |
Multiple choice | A, B, C, D |
- Frontend: Vanilla JavaScript (ES modules), HTML5 Canvas, no build step
- Backend: Python, FastAPI, Uvicorn
- AI (optional): Anthropic Claude API (Sonnet) for tutoring chat and vision-based work review
- Target device: iPad with Apple Pencil (also works on desktop browsers)
- Storage: localStorage (no database required)
| Home Screen | Lesson View |
|---|---|
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| Circuit Builder | Hardware Explorer |
|---|---|
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This project is for educational use.