Use preinstalled Podman in checks

[cristianrgreco]

Summary

• Use the Podman binary already available on Ubuntu runners instead of installing Podman in every Podman test job.
• Keep the existing rootful Podman socket override so the CI runner user can access the socket used by Testcontainers.
• Keep the test matrix gated on lint and compile, and cap test concurrency at 20 jobs.

Verification

• git diff --check
• ruby -e 'require "yaml"; ARGV.each { |file| YAML.load_file(file); puts file }' .github/workflows/checks.yml .github/actions/podman-setup/action.yml

Semver impact

Patch. This is a CI-only maintenance change and does not affect package runtime behavior or public APIs.

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