PHP Learning Project

Welcome to my PHP Learning Project!
This repository contains various demos showcasing PHP's Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) features, including namespaces, polymorphism, traits, iterators, cloning, magic methods, covariance, contravariance, and date handling.

Table of Contents

• Features
• Requirements
• Installation
• Usage
• Manual Testing with Arguments
• Project Structure
• License

Features

This project demonstrates:

• Basic OOP: Classes, objects, properties, and methods.
• Inheritance: Parent and child class relationships.
• Namespaces: Organizing code with namespaces.
• Polymorphism: Using classes, abstract classes, and interfaces.
• Traits: Reusing methods across multiple classes.
• Anonymous Classes: Defining and using classes on the fly.
• Cloning Objects: Implementing custom clone logic.
• Magic Methods: Using __invoke, __toString, __get, __set, and more.
• Covariance and Contravariance: Advanced typing examples.
• Iterators: Manual, aggregate, and generator-based iteration.
• Date and Time: Working with DateTime and DateInterval classes.

Requirements

• PHP 8.1 or higher
• Composer

Installation

1. Clone this repository:

   git clone https://github.com/your-username/php-learning-project.git
   cd php-learning-project

2. Install Composer dependencies:

   composer install

Usage

Run the index.php file to execute all demos:

php index.php

You can also call specific demo functions individually by modifying index.php according to what you want to test, such as:

callDemoClass();
callDemoInheritance();
callDemoNamespace();
callDemoPolymorphism();
callDemoTrait();
callDemoStdClass();
callDemoIterator();
callDemoClone();
callDemoMagicKeyword();
callDemoCovariance();
callDemoContravariance();
callDemoDate();

Each function demonstrates a different PHP feature.

Manual Testing with Arguments

You can manually call specific functions (and pass arguments) using CLI options:

Syntax:

php index.php --call-func=functionName --arg-func=arg1,arg2,...

• --call-func: (Required) The name of the function you want to call.
• --arg-func: (Optional) Arguments to pass to the function, separated by commas ,.

Examples:

Call a function without arguments:

php index.php --call-func=callDemoClass

Call a function with arguments:

Assuming you have a function like:

function greet($name) {
    echo "Hello, $name!";
}

You can call it like:

php index.php --call-func=greet --arg-func=JohnDoe

Output:

Hello, JohnDoe!

Call a function with multiple arguments:

Assuming you have:

function add($a, $b) {
    echo $a + $b;
}

You can run:

php index.php --call-func=add --arg-func=5,7

Output:

12

Note:

• The script automatically parses the arguments using getopt and explode.
• If --arg-func is not provided, the function will be called without arguments.

---

Project Structure

├── src/
│   └── OOP/
│       ├── Namespaces/
│       ├── Polymorphism/
│       ├── Traits/
│       ├── Clone/
│       ├── MagicKeyword/
│       ├── Covariance/
│       ├── Contravariance/
│       ├── Iterator/
│       └── Validation/
├── vendor/
├── composer.json
└── index.php

• src/ contains all the OOP examples categorized by topic.
• vendor/ contains Composer dependencies (after running composer install).
• index.php is the main entry point that loads and executes the demos.

License

This project is open source and available under the MIT License.