Behavior of blkid changed from version 2.38.1 to 2.39, preventing my system from booting. /dev/mapper/system--vg-cached--cache is a bcache cache device. blkid /dev/mapper/system--vg-cached--cache output:
On 2.38.1 (exit code 0):
/dev/mapper/system--vg-cached--cache: UUID="fc6ea56f-372e-474e-bc5b-2ddc8430ddd1" TYPE="bcache"
On 2.39, exit code is 2 and there is no output.
This leads me to the conclusion that there has been a regression preventing bcache cache devices from being detected properly.