docs: add error monitoring & alerting recipe by johnlindquist · Pull Request #1114 · vercel/workflow

johnlindquist · 2026-02-18T17:56:43Z

Summary

Adds a new Recipes section to the documentation with an Error Monitoring & Alerting guide
Covers error triage, alert processing pipelines, real-time alert dispatch, external system monitoring, and content security scanning
Motivated by usage data: 39% of ALL runs (4.7M) are error handling workflows - the update docs sidebar to auto expand #1 use case by volume
All 6 TypeScript code samples pass type checking; all links validated

Test plan

Verify MDX renders correctly in local dev server
Verify code examples are syntactically valid (all pass pnpm test:docs)
Verify meta.json navigation works (Recipes section appears after AI)
Verify link validation passes (bun run lint:links - 0 errors)

Replaces the placeholder @workflow/next README with a complete package-level reference. The new content documents installation, withWorkflow() API usage/signature, configuration examples, internal behavior, env vars, exports, generated files, runtime routing, public manifest exposure, and troubleshooting. Verified: rg -n "^## Install|^### Type signature|^### Example: object config|^### Example: async config function|^## What .* does|^## Serving the manifest publicly|^## Troubleshooting" packages/next/README.md Verified: rg -n "WORKFLOW_TARGET_WORLD|WORKFLOW_LOCAL_DATA_DIR|PORT|WORKFLOW_NEXT_PRIVATE_BUILT|WORKFLOW_PUBLIC_MANIFEST|WATCHPACK_WATCHER_LIMIT" packages/next/README.md Verified: rg -n "@workflow/next|@workflow/next/loader|@workflow/next/runtime|\.well-known/workflow/v1/flow/route\.js|\.well-known/workflow/v1/step/route\.js|\.well-known/workflow/v1/webhook/\[token\]/route\.js" packages/next/README.md How to test: open packages/next/README.md and confirm all required sections and tables render correctly.

Update spec.md to resolve the static/instance method contradiction, document forbidden step-expression validation errors, and add import compatibility guidance for serialization-file discovery. Verified: git diff --check -- packages/swc-plugin-workflow/spec.md Verified: npx --yes markdownlint-cli@0.41.0 packages/swc-plugin-workflow/spec.md --disable MD013 (fails with pre-existing file-wide markdown style issues unrelated to this change)

Add the requested blog markdown file at .blog/durable-execution-layer.md\nwith exact content and preserved formatting/code blocks.\n\nVerified: diff -u <(cat <<'EOF' ... ) .blog/durable-execution-layer.md (no diff; exact match)\nVerified: pnpm exec biome check .blog/durable-execution-layer.md (file is ignored by repo biome config)

Add the requested blog draft as an exact markdown copy for agent reliability content. Verified: cat <<'EOF' | cmp -s - .blog/stateless-retries-multiply-agent-side-effects.md && echo "Exact content match verified" Verified: git status --short -- .blog/stateless-retries-multiply-agent-side-effects.md

Overwrite .blog/durable-execution-layer.md with the exact requested markdown content, including code blocks and section structure. Verified: git diff --check -- .blog/durable-execution-layer.md Verified: git diff -- .blog/durable-execution-layer.md

Overwrite the blog markdown with the exact provided copy for Workflow DevKit deterministic replay behavior and code patterns. Verified: diff -u .blog/how-deterministic-replay-works-for-ai-agents.md <(cat <<'EOF' ... EOF) (no differences) Verified: pnpm exec biome check .blog/how-deterministic-replay-works-for-ai-agents.md (path ignored by biome config; no file-level lint available)

Overwrite the target blog file with the exact markdown content provided for this task.\n\nThis preserves all headings, prose, and fenced code examples verbatim.\n\nVerified: cat <<'EOF' | diff -u - .blog/stateless-retries-multiply-agent-side-effects.md (no diff; exit 0)\nVerified: repository Biome config does not include Markdown files (.md), so no project-scoped markdown linter applies

changeset-bot · 2026-02-18T17:56:49Z

⚠️ No Changeset found

Latest commit: d2d283e

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vercel · 2026-02-18T17:56:49Z

The latest updates on your projects. Learn more about Vercel for GitHub.

Project	Deployment	Actions	Updated (UTC)
example-nextjs-workflow-turbopack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Feb 18, 2026 5:59pm
example-nextjs-workflow-webpack	Ready	Preview, Comment	Feb 18, 2026 5:59pm
example-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Feb 18, 2026 5:59pm
workbench-astro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Feb 18, 2026 5:59pm
workbench-express-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Feb 18, 2026 5:59pm
workbench-fastify-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Feb 18, 2026 5:59pm
workbench-hono-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Feb 18, 2026 5:59pm
workbench-nitro-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Feb 18, 2026 5:59pm
workbench-nuxt-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Feb 18, 2026 5:59pm
workbench-sveltekit-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Feb 18, 2026 5:59pm
workbench-vite-workflow	Ready	Preview, Comment	Feb 18, 2026 5:59pm
workflow-docs	Ready	Preview, Comment, Open in v0	Feb 18, 2026 5:59pm
workflow-nest	Ready	Preview, Comment	Feb 18, 2026 5:59pm
workflow-swc-playground	Ready	Preview, Comment	Feb 18, 2026 5:59pm

github-actions · 2026-02-18T17:56:58Z

🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

	Passed	Failed	Skipped	Total
❌ ▲ Vercel Production	532	2	38	572
✅ 💻 Local Development	556	0	68	624
✅ 📦 Local Production	556	0	68	624
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	556	0	68	624
✅ 🪟 Windows	49	0	3	52
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds	110	46	9	165
✅ 📋 Other	135	0	21	156
Total	2494	48	275	2817

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (2 failed)

express (1 failed):

hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion

nextjs-webpack (1 failed):

concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously

🌍 Community Worlds (46 failed)

mongodb (1 failed):

webhookWorkflow

turso (45 failed):

addTenWorkflow
addTenWorkflow
should work with react rendering in step
promiseAllWorkflow
promiseRaceWorkflow
promiseAnyWorkflow
hookWorkflow
webhookWorkflow
sleepingWorkflow
parallelSleepWorkflow
nullByteWorkflow
workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow
fetchWorkflow
promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow
error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
error handling retry behavior workflow completes despite transient 5xx on step_completed
error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously
stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables
spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE
instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive
crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context
stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument
cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow
cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow
pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ astro	48	0	4
✅ example	48	0	4
❌ express	47	1	4
✅ fastify	48	0	4
✅ hono	48	0	4
✅ nextjs-turbopack	51	0	1
❌ nextjs-webpack	50	1	1
✅ nitro	48	0	4
✅ nuxt	48	0	4
✅ sveltekit	48	0	4
✅ vite	48	0	4

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	45	7
✅ express-stable	45	7
✅ fastify-stable	45	7
✅ hono-stable	45	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	49	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	49	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	49	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	49	3
✅ nitro-stable	45	7
✅ nuxt-stable	45	7
✅ sveltekit-stable	45	7
✅ vite-stable	45	7

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	45	7
✅ express-stable	45	7
✅ fastify-stable	45	7
✅ hono-stable	45	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	49	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	49	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	49	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	49	3
✅ nitro-stable	45	7
✅ nuxt-stable	45	7
✅ sveltekit-stable	45	7
✅ vite-stable	45	7

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	45	7
✅ express-stable	45	7
✅ fastify-stable	45	7
✅ hono-stable	45	7
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	49	3
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	49	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	49	3
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	49	3
✅ nitro-stable	45	7
✅ nuxt-stable	45	7
✅ sveltekit-stable	45	7
✅ vite-stable	45	7

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	49	0	3

❌ 🌍 Community Worlds

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev	3	0	0
❌ mongodb	48	1	3
✅ redis-dev	3	0	0
✅ redis	49	0	3
✅ turso-dev	3	0	0
❌ turso	4	45	3

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	45	7
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	45	7
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	45	7

📋 View full workflow run

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

Vercel Prod: failure
Local Dev: success
Local Prod: success
Local Postgres: success
Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

github-actions · 2026-02-18T17:56:59Z

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.026s (-22.8% 🟢)	1.005s (~)	0.979s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.032s (~)	1.005s (~)	0.973s	10	1.25x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.047s	1.005s	0.958s	10	1.80x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.098s (-4.9%)	1.011s (~)	0.912s	10	3.78x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.107s	1.007s	0.900s	10	4.13x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.397s (-16.8% 🟢)	1.010s (~)	0.613s	10	15.25x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	0.599s (-13.1% 🟢)	1.935s (-6.8% 🟢)	1.336s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.610s (-24.9% 🟢)	1.964s (-5.0% 🟢)	1.353s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	0.631s (-40.8% 🟢)	2.083s (-16.1% 🟢)	1.452s	10	1.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.073s (-2.9%)	2.006s (~)	0.933s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	1.106s (~)	2.006s (~)	0.900s	10	1.03x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.112s	2.006s	0.894s	10	1.04x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.314s	2.008s	0.694s	10	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.269s (-3.4%)	3.014s (~)	0.746s	10	2.11x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.464s (-0.5%)	3.014s (~)	0.550s	10	2.30x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.565s (+11.9% 🔺)	3.865s (+23.1% 🔺)	1.299s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.247s (+48.8% 🔺)	4.330s (+37.3% 🔺)	1.082s	10	1.27x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.053s (+80.3% 🔺)	5.227s (+68.3% 🔺)	1.174s	10	1.58x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	10.544s (-2.6%)	11.022s (~)	0.478s	3	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.714s	11.023s	0.309s	3	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	10.815s (~)	11.022s (~)	0.207s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.229s	13.021s	0.792s	3	1.16x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	20.122s (~)	21.060s (~)	0.937s	2	1.91x
🐘 Postgres	Express	20.315s (~)	21.060s (~)	0.745s	2	1.93x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	29.232s (+66.0% 🔺)	30.456s (+58.2% 🔺)	1.224s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	30.702s (+54.2% 🔺)	31.999s (+53.3% 🔺)	1.297s	1	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Express	36.162s (+104.7% 🔺)	37.477s (+99.5% 🔺)	1.315s	2	1.24x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	26.790s (-2.5%)	27.048s (-3.6%)	0.257s	3	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	26.900s	27.052s	0.152s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	27.476s (~)	28.050s (~)	0.574s	3	1.03x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	30.597s	31.051s	0.454s	2	1.14x
🐘 Postgres	Express	50.347s (~)	51.128s (+1.0%)	0.781s	2	1.88x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	50.401s (~)	51.137s (~)	0.736s	2	1.88x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	46.784s (+8.1% 🔺)	48.602s (+9.7% 🔺)	1.818s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	47.395s (+9.6% 🔺)	48.318s (+7.8% 🔺)	0.923s	2	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Express	49.590s (+15.6% 🔺)	51.026s (+15.8% 🔺)	1.436s	2	1.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	54.389s	55.103s	0.714s	2	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	55.659s (-2.8%)	56.101s (-3.4%)	0.442s	2	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	57.190s (~)	58.100s (~)	0.910s	2	1.05x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	61.395s	62.089s	0.694s	2	1.13x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	93.570s (-6.6% 🟢)	94.235s (-6.0% 🟢)	0.665s	1	1.72x
🐘 Postgres	Express	100.231s (~)	101.232s (~)	1.001s	1	1.84x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	88.393s (+2.0%)	90.209s (+2.7%)	1.816s	1	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	89.983s (+1.8%)	90.626s (+1.7%)	0.643s	1	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	90.459s (+2.7%)	92.537s (+3.5%)	2.078s	1	1.02x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.257s	2.006s	0.749s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.371s (-4.5%)	2.005s (~)	0.634s	15	1.09x
💻 Local	Express	1.411s (+0.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.595s	15	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.904s (-10.8% 🟢)	2.598s (-13.8% 🟢)	0.695s	12	1.51x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.153s	3.008s	0.856s	10	1.71x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.256s (-6.3% 🟢)	3.015s (~)	0.759s	10	1.79x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	3.544s (+53.5% 🔺)	4.590s (+39.2% 🔺)	1.045s	7	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.800s (+11.3% 🔺)	4.663s (+8.2% 🔺)	0.863s	8	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Express	35.644s (+1368.4% 🔺)	35.999s (+967.0% 🔺)	0.355s	1	10.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	2.289s (-12.1% 🟢)	3.007s (~)	0.718s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.519s	3.008s	0.489s	10	1.10x
💻 Local	Express	2.544s (~)	3.008s (~)	0.464s	10	1.11x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.732s	5.178s	0.446s	6	2.07x
🐘 Postgres	Express	7.779s (-3.6%)	8.534s (+3.1%)	0.755s	4	3.40x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	8.342s (-1.7%)	9.031s (~)	0.689s	4	3.64x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	14.377s (+362.7% 🔺)	15.820s (+274.0% 🔺)	1.443s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	31.262s (+1076.5% 🔺)	32.278s (+833.4% 🔺)	1.015s	2	2.17x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	32.243s (+911.1% 🔺)	32.987s (+742.5% 🔺)	0.744s	1	2.24x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	4.115s	4.726s	0.611s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	6.347s (-13.6% 🟢)	7.013s (-12.5% 🟢)	0.666s	5	1.54x
💻 Local	Express	7.184s (-1.3%)	8.017s (~)	0.833s	4	1.75x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.098s	10.688s	0.590s	3	2.45x
🐘 Postgres	Express	45.411s (+9.1% 🔺)	46.145s (+9.6% 🔺)	0.734s	1	11.04x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	48.855s (+1.1%)	49.136s (~)	0.281s	1	11.87x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	14.295s (+208.2% 🔺)	15.202s (+170.5% 🔺)	0.907s	2	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	15.300s (+201.2% 🔺)	15.868s (+160.1% 🔺)	0.568s	2	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	17.376s (+420.0% 🔺)	18.232s (+324.0% 🔺)	0.856s	2	1.22x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.275s	2.006s	0.732s	15	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.361s (-4.8%)	2.005s (~)	0.644s	15	1.07x
💻 Local	Express	1.415s (~)	2.004s (~)	0.589s	15	1.11x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.061s (-9.3% 🟢)	2.600s (-3.1%)	0.540s	12	1.62x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.146s (+9.3% 🔺)	2.597s (+3.3%)	0.451s	12	1.68x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.155s	3.008s	0.852s	10	1.69x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.464s (+11.4% 🔺)	3.387s (+3.5%)	0.923s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.148s (+55.9% 🔺)	5.339s (+46.8% 🔺)	1.192s	6	1.68x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	11.720s (+421.2% 🔺)	12.852s (+299.6% 🔺)	1.132s	3	4.76x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	2.383s (-11.1% 🟢)	3.007s (~)	0.624s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.491s	3.008s	0.517s	10	1.05x
💻 Local	Express	2.695s (~)	3.007s (~)	0.313s	10	1.13x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.789s	5.179s	0.390s	6	2.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.894s (-4.9%)	11.032s (-8.3% 🟢)	0.139s	3	4.57x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.359s (-7.2% 🟢)	12.702s (-7.3% 🟢)	0.343s	3	5.19x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	3.188s (+27.1% 🔺)	3.856s (+12.1% 🔺)	0.668s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	6.046s (+162.2% 🔺)	6.730s (+111.6% 🔺)	0.684s	5	1.90x
▲ Vercel	Express	27.074s (+923.3% 🔺)	27.555s (+674.6% 🔺)	0.481s	2	8.49x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🌐 Redis	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	4.078s	4.582s	0.503s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	6.799s (-13.6% 🟢)	7.013s (-15.2% 🟢)	0.214s	5	1.67x
💻 Local	Express	7.808s (-3.3%)	8.271s (~)	0.463s	4	1.91x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.106s	10.685s	0.579s	3	2.48x
🐘 Postgres	Express	50.006s (-2.9%)	50.108s (-3.9%)	0.102s	1	12.26x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	50.306s (-3.2%)	51.122s (-1.9%)	0.816s	1	12.33x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	8.640s (+124.0% 🔺)	10.201s (+102.8% 🔺)	1.561s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	23.673s (+664.4% 🔺)	24.807s (+522.5% 🔺)	1.134s	2	2.74x
▲ Vercel	Express	28.133s (+629.3% 🔺)	29.043s (+524.6% 🔺)	0.910s	2	3.26x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Stream Benchmarks (includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.115s (-34.3% 🟢)	1.003s (~)	0.010s (-9.0% 🟢)	1.016s (~)	0.900s	10	1.00x
🌐 Redis	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.152s	1.000s	0.001s	1.007s	0.855s	10	1.32x
💻 Local	Express	0.174s (+3.4%)	1.002s (~)	0.011s (-4.3%)	1.016s (~)	0.842s	10	1.52x
🌐 MongoDB	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.490s	0.957s	0.001s	1.009s	0.519s	10	4.26x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.207s (-45.8% 🟢)	1.904s (-32.4% 🟢)	0.001s (-23.5% 🟢)	2.014s (-33.2% 🟢)	0.806s	10	10.49x
🐘 Postgres	Express	2.341s (-4.7%)	2.699s (+4.4%)	0.001s (~)	3.015s (~)	0.674s	10	20.34x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-	-
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	⚠️ missing	-	-	-	-	-

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	2.107s (-15.3% 🟢)	2.575s (-16.1% 🟢)	0.589s (+153.7% 🔺)	3.693s (-4.3%)	1.585s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.270s (+17.2% 🔺)	2.690s (~)	0.175s (-70.3% 🟢)	3.588s (-6.1% 🟢)	1.318s	10	1.08x
▲ Vercel	Express	3.868s (+96.7% 🔺)	4.366s (+65.7% 🔺)	0.639s (+5.4% 🔺)	5.555s (+46.3% 🔺)	1.687s	10	1.84x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	12/12
🐘 Postgres	Express	6/12
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5/12

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	💻 Local	12/12
Next.js (Turbopack)	🌐 Redis	12/12
Nitro	💻 Local	12/12

Column Definitions

Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run

johnlindquist · 2026-02-18T18:12:11Z

Superseded by #1116 which consolidates all recipes into a single PR.

swarm:codex-next-readme and others added 8 commits February 18, 2026 09:48

docs(recipes): add error monitoring and alerting workflows guide

d2d283e

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johnlindquist closed this Feb 18, 2026

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📊 Benchmark Results

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

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