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[docs] Polish migration guides for scanability#1721

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[docs] Polish migration guides for scanability#1721
johnlindquist wants to merge 7 commits intomainfrom
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Summary

  • Rework the three migration guides (Temporal, Inngest, AWS Step Functions) plus the index to match the docs house style established by recent cookbook pages.
  • Break every "wall of code" into minimum-viable translations that layer up one concern at a time; no SDK code block exceeds ~25 lines.
  • Rename section headers to imperative verbs ("Translate your first workflow", "Wait for an external signal", "Spawn a child workflow", "Migrate a full order-processing saga") and add a step-by-step first-migration walkthrough before the existing checklist on each guide.
  • Remove hedging and marketing-toned prose ("mostly about", "is not about replacing every...", "usually simplify infrastructure"). Replace with a factual "What you stop operating" bullet list.
  • Net: −232 lines across the set despite adding the walkthroughs, because code blocks and ASL JSON were aggressively trimmed. No SDK behavior claims changed; all APIs referenced already appeared in the source files.

Test plan

  • Load each guide locally (pnpm --filter docs dev) and confirm MDX renders, Callouts display, and syntax highlights match.
  • Skim each guide at a reader's pace — first 100 lines should teach the core translation.
  • Verify cross-links from the index and from each guide's front-matter related block still resolve.

Tighten prose, break up code walls, and rework each migration guide
(Temporal, Inngest, AWS Step Functions) to the house style. Imperative
section headers, minimum-viable code samples that layer up, and a
step-by-step first-migration walkthrough before the checklist.
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@johnlindquist johnlindquist requested a review from a team as a code owner April 14, 2026 02:47
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⚠️ No Changeset found

Latest commit: 53e2214

Merging this PR will not cause a version bump for any packages. If these changes should not result in a new version, you're good to go. If these changes should result in a version bump, you need to add a changeset.

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
💻 Local 🥇 Nitro 0.042s (+0.7%) 1.005s (~) 0.963s 10 1.00x
💻 Local Express 0.044s (+21.8% 🔺) 1.005s (~) 0.961s 10 1.05x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 0.056s (-16.6% 🟢) 1.009s (~) 0.953s 10 1.33x
🐘 Postgres Express 0.059s (+3.3%) 1.012s (~) 0.953s 10 1.41x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 0.221s (-14.3% 🟢) 2.004s (-0.6%) 1.782s 10 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 0.258s (-1.4%) 2.278s (+0.8%) 2.020s 10 1.17x
▲ Vercel Express ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
💻 Local 🥇 Express 1.131s (+3.1%) 2.006s (~) 0.874s 10 1.00x
💻 Local Nitro 1.133s (~) 2.005s (~) 0.872s 10 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 1.151s (~) 2.009s (~) 0.858s 10 1.02x
🐘 Postgres Express 1.153s (~) 2.010s (~) 0.857s 10 1.02x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 2.015s (-1.5%) 3.743s (-8.7% 🟢) 1.728s 10 1.00x
▲ Vercel Nitro 2.022s (+6.1% 🔺) 3.326s (-13.2% 🟢) 1.304s 10 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Express 10.879s (~) 11.021s (~) 0.142s 3 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 10.888s (~) 11.024s (~) 0.136s 3 1.00x
💻 Local Express 10.941s (+2.9%) 11.024s (~) 0.083s 3 1.01x
💻 Local Nitro 10.976s (~) 11.358s (+3.0%) 0.382s 3 1.01x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 17.907s (-5.7% 🟢) 18.958s (-7.6% 🟢) 1.051s 2 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 18.008s (+2.2%) 19.977s (+1.5%) 1.969s 2 1.01x
▲ Vercel Express ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Express 14.463s (-0.5%) 15.024s (~) 0.561s 4 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 14.492s (~) 15.021s (~) 0.529s 4 1.00x
💻 Local Express 15.049s (+5.7% 🔺) 15.782s (+5.0% 🔺) 0.734s 4 1.04x
💻 Local Nitro 15.088s (+0.5%) 16.033s (+6.7% 🔺) 0.945s 4 1.04x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 32.255s (-5.5% 🟢) 33.597s (-6.9% 🟢) 1.342s 2 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 33.392s (-12.9% 🟢) 35.426s (-12.0% 🟢) 2.034s 2 1.04x
▲ Vercel Express ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 13.793s (-2.3%) 14.020s (-4.9%) 0.227s 7 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 13.880s (-0.5%) 14.021s (-2.0%) 0.141s 7 1.01x
💻 Local Express 16.904s (+12.4% 🔺) 17.199s (+10.8% 🔺) 0.295s 6 1.23x
💻 Local Nitro 16.933s (+1.1%) 17.031s (~) 0.099s 6 1.23x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 53.492s (-3.5%) 54.564s (-5.5% 🟢) 1.073s 2 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 56.544s (-5.2% 🟢) 58.788s (-4.8%) 2.244s 2 1.06x
▲ Vercel Express ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 1.258s (-1.9%) 2.009s (~) 0.751s 15 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 1.269s (~) 2.009s (~) 0.740s 15 1.01x
💻 Local Express 1.490s (+3.4%) 2.005s (~) 0.516s 15 1.18x
💻 Local Nitro 1.558s (+2.3%) 2.007s (~) 0.449s 15 1.24x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 2.218s (-15.1% 🟢) 3.720s (-17.0% 🟢) 1.502s 9 1.00x
▲ Vercel Nitro 2.531s (-13.4% 🟢) 3.922s (-15.8% 🟢) 1.391s 8 1.14x
▲ Vercel Express ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Express 2.320s (-1.2%) 3.009s (~) 0.690s 10 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 2.332s (-1.0%) 3.010s (~) 0.678s 10 1.01x
💻 Local Nitro 3.018s (+1.8%) 3.884s (+3.3%) 0.866s 8 1.30x
💻 Local Express 3.085s (+19.6% 🔺) 3.760s (+25.0% 🔺) 0.676s 8 1.33x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 2.704s (-1.1%) 4.156s (-9.5% 🟢) 1.452s 8 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 3.200s (+25.0% 🔺) 4.686s (+12.5% 🔺) 1.486s 7 1.18x
▲ Vercel Express ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 3.468s (-0.6%) 4.010s (~) 0.542s 8 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 3.474s (-0.6%) 4.012s (~) 0.538s 8 1.00x
💻 Local Nitro 8.620s (+3.0%) 9.025s (~) 0.405s 4 2.49x
💻 Local Express 8.681s (+29.2% 🔺) 9.273s (+32.2% 🔺) 0.592s 4 2.50x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 3.398s (+5.6% 🔺) 5.041s (~) 1.643s 6 1.00x
▲ Vercel Nitro 3.868s (+48.4% 🔺) 5.529s (+30.6% 🔺) 1.662s 6 1.14x
▲ Vercel Express ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Express 1.251s (-1.2%) 2.009s (~) 0.758s 15 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 1.286s (+1.5%) 2.007s (~) 0.721s 15 1.03x
💻 Local Express 1.518s (+3.5%) 2.005s (~) 0.488s 15 1.21x
💻 Local Nitro 1.602s (+5.1% 🔺) 2.007s (~) 0.405s 15 1.28x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 2.042s (-8.4% 🟢) 3.889s (-3.3%) 1.847s 8 1.00x
▲ Vercel Nitro 2.422s (+18.1% 🔺) 3.668s (-10.4% 🟢) 1.246s 9 1.19x
▲ Vercel Express ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Express 2.315s (-2.0%) 3.009s (~) 0.694s 10 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 2.341s (-1.0%) 3.010s (~) 0.669s 10 1.01x
💻 Local Express 3.008s (+1.2%) 3.884s (+16.2% 🔺) 0.877s 8 1.30x
💻 Local Nitro 3.244s (+4.8%) 4.009s (~) 0.766s 8 1.40x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 2.568s (+2.9%) 3.934s (-6.1% 🟢) 1.366s 8 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 3.022s (+4.7%) 4.622s (-1.2%) 1.600s 7 1.18x
▲ Vercel Express ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Express 3.489s (-0.6%) 4.010s (~) 0.522s 8 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 3.491s (~) 4.012s (~) 0.520s 8 1.00x
💻 Local Express 9.035s (+12.3% 🔺) 9.525s (+8.6% 🔺) 0.490s 4 2.59x
💻 Local Nitro 9.595s (+2.8%) 10.021s (~) 0.426s 3 2.75x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 3.626s (+21.9% 🔺) 5.095s (+0.8%) 1.469s 7 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 4.171s (+24.2% 🔺) 5.702s (+5.0% 🔺) 1.531s 6 1.15x
▲ Vercel Express ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 0.791s (-5.5% 🟢) 1.006s (~) 0.214s 60 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 0.812s (-2.6%) 1.006s (~) 0.194s 60 1.03x
💻 Local Express 1.015s (+44.9% 🔺) 1.771s (+76.3% 🔺) 0.756s 34 1.28x
💻 Local Nitro 1.023s (+3.4%) 1.800s (+43.4% 🔺) 0.777s 34 1.29x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 9.331s (~) 10.421s (-6.5% 🟢) 1.091s 6 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 9.550s (-11.8% 🟢) 11.400s (-10.1% 🟢) 1.851s 6 1.02x
▲ Vercel Express ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 1.846s (-4.8%) 2.006s (-10.9% 🟢) 0.161s 45 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 1.942s (-1.1%) 2.203s (-1.1%) 0.261s 41 1.05x
💻 Local Nitro 3.054s (+1.1%) 3.966s (+10.6% 🔺) 0.912s 23 1.65x
💻 Local Express 3.086s (+26.4% 🔺) 4.010s (+26.1% 🔺) 0.925s 23 1.67x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 26.725s (-4.4%) 28.282s (-6.0% 🟢) 1.557s 4 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 30.229s (+2.4%) 32.236s (+2.1%) 2.007s 3 1.13x
▲ Vercel Express ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 3.772s (-3.1%) 4.008s (-3.4%) 0.236s 30 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 3.922s (-2.5%) 4.076s (-8.5% 🟢) 0.154s 30 1.04x
💻 Local Nitro 9.126s (-1.3%) 9.711s (-3.1%) 0.585s 13 2.42x
💻 Local Express 9.354s (+28.0% 🔺) 10.019s (+26.0% 🔺) 0.666s 12 2.48x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 76.813s (~) 77.619s (-1.0%) 0.806s 2 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 81.434s (+6.2% 🔺) 83.844s (+5.6% 🔺) 2.410s 2 1.06x
▲ Vercel Express ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Express 0.282s (~) 1.006s (~) 0.724s 60 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 0.283s (+2.9%) 1.006s (~) 0.723s 60 1.00x
💻 Local Nitro 0.575s (-0.9%) 1.005s (~) 0.429s 60 2.04x
💻 Local Express 0.586s (+0.5%) 1.005s (~) 0.419s 60 2.07x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 1.793s (+11.0% 🔺) 3.397s (-1.9%) 1.604s 18 1.00x
▲ Vercel Nitro 2.066s (+50.6% 🔺) 3.730s (+27.1% 🔺) 1.663s 17 1.15x
▲ Vercel Express ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 0.494s (-1.2%) 1.006s (~) 0.512s 90 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 0.506s (+0.7%) 1.006s (~) 0.500s 90 1.03x
💻 Local Express 2.481s (+3.6%) 3.009s (~) 0.528s 30 5.02x
💻 Local Nitro 2.519s (+1.8%) 3.009s (~) 0.490s 30 5.10x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 2.945s (-6.7% 🟢) 4.655s (-4.6%) 1.710s 20 1.00x
▲ Vercel Nitro 3.184s (+15.6% 🔺) 4.569s (+1.9%) 1.385s 20 1.08x
▲ Vercel Express ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 0.769s (-1.7%) 1.007s (~) 0.237s 120 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 0.784s (-0.7%) 1.007s (~) 0.223s 120 1.02x
💻 Local Express 11.336s (+13.3% 🔺) 11.936s (+11.6% 🔺) 0.600s 11 14.74x
💻 Local Nitro 11.565s (+4.1%) 12.130s (+2.4%) 0.566s 10 15.03x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 6.273s (+7.5% 🔺) 7.943s (+1.9%) 1.669s 16 1.00x
▲ Vercel Nitro 7.510s (+12.4% 🔺) 8.963s (+2.0%) 1.454s 15 1.20x
▲ Vercel Express ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Stream Benchmarks (includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 0.197s (-7.7% 🟢) 0.993s (~) 0.002s (+15.4% 🔺) 1.010s (~) 0.813s 10 1.00x
💻 Local Express 0.204s (+45.9% 🔺) 1.004s (~) 0.012s (+29.8% 🔺) 1.019s (~) 0.815s 10 1.04x
💻 Local Nitro 0.207s (+2.2%) 1.004s (~) 0.013s (+7.6% 🔺) 1.019s (~) 0.812s 10 1.05x
🐘 Postgres Express 0.220s (+6.6% 🔺) 0.998s (~) 0.002s (+30.8% 🔺) 1.010s (~) 0.790s 10 1.12x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 1.551s (-1.7%) 2.876s (-4.1%) 0.884s (+138.4% 🔺) 4.119s (+8.2% 🔺) 2.568s 10 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 1.814s (~) 3.372s (-0.9%) 0.774s (+191.6% 🔺) 4.579s (+8.8% 🔺) 2.765s 10 1.17x
▲ Vercel Express ⚠️ missing - - - - -

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 0.595s (-3.0%) 1.004s (~) 0.004s (+1.4%) 1.021s (~) 0.426s 59 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 0.604s (-0.7%) 1.005s (~) 0.004s (-17.5% 🟢) 1.022s (~) 0.418s 59 1.01x
💻 Local Nitro 0.844s (+16.2% 🔺) 1.013s (~) 0.009s (-9.3% 🟢) 1.116s (+9.1% 🔺) 0.272s 54 1.42x
💻 Local Express 0.943s (+68.9% 🔺) 1.012s (~) 0.009s (+3.4%) 1.227s (+20.1% 🔺) 0.285s 49 1.58x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 4.425s (-3.0%) 6.006s (-7.0% 🟢) 0.264s (-10.7% 🟢) 6.733s (-9.3% 🟢) 2.308s 9 1.00x
▲ Vercel Nitro 4.621s (+3.2%) 5.693s (-5.9% 🟢) 0.265s (-6.2% 🟢) 6.380s (-8.4% 🟢) 1.759s 10 1.04x
▲ Vercel Express ⚠️ missing - - - - -

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Express 0.948s (~) 1.148s (-1.8%) 0.000s (-67.3% 🟢) 1.162s (-1.9%) 0.214s 52 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 0.951s (-3.0%) 1.193s (~) 0.000s (-49.0% 🟢) 1.207s (-0.9%) 0.257s 50 1.00x
💻 Local Express 1.234s (+8.2% 🔺) 2.021s (~) 0.000s (+62.5% 🔺) 2.023s (~) 0.789s 30 1.30x
💻 Local Nitro 1.270s (+2.6%) 2.022s (~) 0.000s (~) 2.024s (~) 0.753s 30 1.34x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 3.025s (+3.1%) 4.212s (+0.9%) 0.000s (~) 4.622s (-0.8%) 1.597s 13 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 6.982s (+134.6% 🔺) 8.700s (+86.7% 🔺) 0.000s (-85.7% 🟢) 9.193s (+77.0% 🔺) 2.211s 7 2.31x
▲ Vercel Express ⚠️ missing - - - - -

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Express 1.746s (-1.9%) 2.102s (-1.6%) 0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺) 2.118s (-1.3%) 0.372s 29 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 1.770s (~) 2.174s (+3.5%) 0.000s (-100.0% 🟢) 2.188s (+3.6%) 0.418s 28 1.01x
💻 Local Express 3.625s (+10.7% 🔺) 4.100s (+4.9%) 0.001s (-12.7% 🟢) 4.103s (+4.9%) 0.477s 15 2.08x
💻 Local Nitro 3.685s (+5.2% 🔺) 4.033s (-1.7%) 0.001s (-42.9% 🟢) 4.035s (-1.7%) 0.351s 15 2.11x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - - -
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 4.220s (+8.5% 🔺) 5.412s (-0.5%) 0.004s (+700.0% 🔺) 5.746s (-3.5%) 1.526s 11 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express ⚠️ missing - - - - -
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - - -

🔍 Observability: Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World 🥇 Fastest Framework Wins
💻 Local Express 14/21
🐘 Postgres Nitro 12/21
▲ Vercel Nitro 13/21
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework 🥇 Fastest World Wins
Express 🐘 Postgres 18/21
Next.js (Turbopack) ▲ Vercel 20/20
Nitro 🐘 Postgres 19/21
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run


Some benchmark jobs failed:

  • Local: success
  • Postgres: success
  • Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

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github-actions bot commented Apr 14, 2026

🧪 E2E Test Results

Some tests failed

Summary

Passed Failed Skipped Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production 923 0 67 990
✅ 💻 Local Development 898 0 182 1080
✅ 📦 Local Production 898 0 182 1080
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres 898 0 182 1080
✅ 🪟 Windows 82 0 8 90
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds 133 74 24 231
✅ 📋 Other 228 0 42 270
Total 4060 74 687 4821

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (74 failed)

mongodb (7 failed):

  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KP6MKE1PJPZNF1RJM48VDWX1
  • webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KP6MKPJ40CWXR7WYP5TSP8ZF
  • fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KP6MQ2699FE542XD981HFEC2
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KP6MTYQAS42TRK4763QDPCQ8
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
  • resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KP6N0YTZ90SM8FYP6DC3X2KS

redis (7 failed):

  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KP6MKE1PJPZNF1RJM48VDWX1
  • webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KP6MKPJ40CWXR7WYP5TSP8ZF
  • fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KP6MQ2699FE542XD981HFEC2
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KP6MTYQAS42TRK4763QDPCQ8
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
  • resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KP6N0YTZ90SM8FYP6DC3X2KS

turso (60 failed):

  • addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KP6MJCC30QNN3BWJ5FZ9XS70
  • addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KP6MJCC30QNN3BWJ5FZ9XS70
  • wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KP6MKFFKHGEPMW1FQ2AGM0S2
  • should work with react rendering in step
  • promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KP6MJJEY1NT9K8B8PRX2G98K
  • promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KP6MJPMH9YQSQMMHH46ZPH0G
  • promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KP6MJRJDBRCC7QCFJ86N81NQ
  • importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KP6MKY9KG9XB6EDW1S8804W3
  • hookWorkflow | wrun_01KP6MK43CME2C1HAYPH6NWPEH
  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KP6MKE1PJPZNF1RJM48VDWX1
  • webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KP6MKPJ40CWXR7WYP5TSP8ZF
  • sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KP6MKW4Z8M9HZ1564K1F9RHZ
  • parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KP6MM8ST4EQ59M237XP9B0HN
  • nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KP6MMDJ9HFR7MXCQ4S4WQES4
  • workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KP6MMFEKFFQC6VR8SE22VBM7
  • fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KP6MQ2699FE542XD981HFEC2
  • promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KP6MQ55WMV3Q1VY71B0SZZ08
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
  • error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
  • error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
  • error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
  • error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
  • error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
  • error handling not registered WorkflowNotRegisteredError fails the run when workflow does not exist
  • error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the step but workflow can catch it
  • error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the run when not caught in workflow
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KP6MTC3JXZZ7A0J8W89H4AKG
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KP6MTYQAS42TRK4763QDPCQ8
  • hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KP6MVJ8BC456HWYB2EJ7GACZ
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KP6MW4MYS314FH8VJF8KVR12
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KP6MWCAQ4P3R4P8EPCXYPNKA
  • closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KP6MWHGX3YHHQRY0WPGCH49M
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KP6MWKVKCFWTDWX9VKXC1PJX
  • runClassSerializationWorkflow - Run instances serialize across workflow/step boundaries | wrun_01KP6MWWHB1CYYPS59RS0SJQ41
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • health check (CLI) - workflow health command reports healthy endpoints
  • pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KP6MX9307JQXA7XY61A610T6
  • Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KP6MXE0Q5MF0ZR30SK49DVDC
  • AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KP6MXM37Q8MR3PMTNSSCYE4K
  • ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KP6MXSY9ZKCN5GD5HK2AEEE7
  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KP6MXZYGKVPE147S50NQSB2P
  • customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KP6MY5WTWW449QRRCBBE319W
  • instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KP6MYC794DERC09PNEZR6DCQ
  • crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KP6MYP1559VVFQRHPDBX9YW6
  • stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KP6MYX9QC76GGDSTPYE939FC
  • cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KP6MZ31FJR6M1FDNQ3X461DP
  • cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KP6MZBX1D3SYRBD7W05XFG0V
  • pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
  • hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KP6MZPQ6QXNX205KN7154FKZ
  • sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KP6N09YGNHEGBRD3Q0Q29BGN
  • sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KP6N0N2FSR90H9GJY9S8T3FG
  • importMetaUrlWorkflow - import.meta.url is available in step bundles | wrun_01KP6N0TZA73S4CZJHQ2JKY98C
  • metadataFromHelperWorkflow - getWorkflowMetadata/getStepMetadata work from module-level helper (#1577) | wrun_01KP6N0X04T182A1TAGZ5B6D5P
  • resilient start: addTenWorkflow completes when run_created returns 500 | wrun_01KP6N0YTZ90SM8FYP6DC3X2KS
  • getterStepWorkflow - getter functions with "use step" directive | wrun_01KP6N11SSJM9E64TYXRWJ6YKP

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ astro 83 0 7
✅ example 83 0 7
✅ express 83 0 7
✅ fastify 83 0 7
✅ hono 83 0 7
✅ nextjs-turbopack 88 0 2
✅ nextjs-webpack 88 0 2
✅ nitro 83 0 7
✅ nuxt 83 0 7
✅ sveltekit 83 0 7
✅ vite 83 0 7
✅ 💻 Local Development
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ astro-stable 76 0 14
✅ express-stable 76 0 14
✅ fastify-stable 76 0 14
✅ hono-stable 76 0 14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary 63 0 27
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable 82 0 8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary 63 0 27
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable 82 0 8
✅ nitro-stable 76 0 14
✅ nuxt-stable 76 0 14
✅ sveltekit-stable 76 0 14
✅ vite-stable 76 0 14
✅ 📦 Local Production
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ astro-stable 76 0 14
✅ express-stable 76 0 14
✅ fastify-stable 76 0 14
✅ hono-stable 76 0 14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary 63 0 27
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable 82 0 8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary 63 0 27
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable 82 0 8
✅ nitro-stable 76 0 14
✅ nuxt-stable 76 0 14
✅ sveltekit-stable 76 0 14
✅ vite-stable 76 0 14
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ astro-stable 76 0 14
✅ express-stable 76 0 14
✅ fastify-stable 76 0 14
✅ hono-stable 76 0 14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary 63 0 27
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable 82 0 8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary 63 0 27
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable 82 0 8
✅ nitro-stable 76 0 14
✅ nuxt-stable 76 0 14
✅ sveltekit-stable 76 0 14
✅ vite-stable 76 0 14
✅ 🪟 Windows
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack 82 0 8
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev 6 0 0
❌ mongodb 56 7 8
✅ redis-dev 6 0 0
❌ redis 56 7 8
✅ turso-dev 6 0 0
❌ turso 3 60 8
✅ 📋 Other
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable 76 0 14
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable 76 0 14
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable 76 0 14

📋 View full workflow run

Verification pass across the three guides:

- Temporal: correct `startToCloseTimeout` duration string ('5 minute' → '5 minutes').
- Inngest: update `inngest.createFunction` to the current 2-arg form with
  `triggers` inside the config, and add the required `timeout` option to the
  `step.waitForEvent` Before example.
- AWS Step Functions: add missing `Resource: "arn:aws:states:::lambda:invoke"`
  + `Parameters` to the saga Task states so the ASL snippet is valid.

Workflow SDK snippets checked against node_modules/workflow/docs and
packages/core source; no changes needed.
Across all four migration guides, any code block that paired a source-
system example with a Workflow SDK example via inline // Before / // After
comments is now two adjacent fenced blocks, each with a descriptive title=
attribute naming the source.

Also applies trigger.dev verification fixes: remove the non-existent
retry.exponentialBackoff helper from the guide's concept table and the
skill reference, and tighten the refund Before snippet with token.id,
.unwrap(), and a wait.completeToken example.
From Pranay's Slack review of PR #1721. Applied across all four guides
(Temporal, Inngest, AWS Step Functions, trigger.dev):

- Remove emdashes from intros and prose (AI-generated tell).
- Fix install command: drop non-existent @workflow/next package;
  workflow/next is a subpath of the `workflow` package.
- Rewrite saga sections. The rollback stack is a generic TypeScript
  compensation pattern, not an SDK feature. Dropped comparative
  framing that misrepresented how Temporal / Inngest / Step Functions
  / trigger.dev implement SAGA.
- Recommend named streams (getWritable({ namespace: 'status' })) for
  read paths instead of database polling, getRun() polling, or
  app-layer caches. Clients read from the end of the stream for
  current status.
- Return Run objects (not runId strings) from child-workflow step
  wrappers so workflow observability can deep-link into child runs.
  API-route HTTP handlers still return { runId } to external clients.
- Add a "Why migrate to the Workflow SDK" section per guide, tailored
  to each source system's architecture.
- Scrub vague "app API" / "app layer" references.
Remove the "Writing a saga" section from each migration guide (it described a generic TypeScript compensation pattern rather than an SDK feature) and surface the migration skill install command in a callout at the top of the index and each guide.
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