Fix Postgres step lifecycle event ordering by NathanColosimo · Pull Request #2714 · vercel/workflow

NathanColosimo · 2026-06-30T17:55:50Z

Summary

Fixes #2331 by writing Postgres step lifecycle entity updates and their event-log entries in the same transaction, so the step row lock serializes concurrent lifecycle writers until the log entry is durable.

Also allocates Postgres-backed event ids inside the protected lifecycle path and re-enables the previously skipped Postgres e2e regression coverage.

Testing

node_modules/.bin/tsc --noEmit -p packages/world-postgres/tsconfig.json
node_modules/.bin/biome check --diagnostic-level=error packages/world-postgres/src/storage.ts packages/world-postgres/test/storage.test.ts packages/core/e2e/e2e.test.ts packages/world-postgres/src/drizzle/migrations/0015_add_workflow_events_order_sequence.sql packages/world-postgres/src/drizzle/migrations/meta/_journal.json .changeset/step-lifecycle-pg-transaction.md
../../node_modules/.bin/vitest run test/storage.test.ts src/reenqueue.test.ts src/util.test.ts src/queue.test.ts
pnpm --filter @workflow/world-postgres build

vercel · 2026-06-30T17:55:53Z

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changeset-bot · 2026-06-30T17:55:56Z

🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: e27b3af

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 1 package

Name	Type
@workflow/world-postgres	Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

github-actions · 2026-06-30T17:56:11Z

🧪 E2E Test Results

✅ All tests passed

Summary

	Passed	Skipped	Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production	1442	230	1672
✅ 💻 Local Development	1605	219	1824
✅ 📦 Local Production	1605	219	1824
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres	1605	219	1824
✅ 🪟 Windows	152	0	152
✅ 📋 Other	887	177	1064
Total	7296	1064	8360

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro	125	27
✅ example	125	27
✅ express	125	27
✅ fastify	125	27
✅ hono	125	27
✅ nextjs-turbopack	149	3
✅ nextjs-webpack	149	3
✅ nitro	125	27
✅ nuxt	125	27
✅ sveltekit	144	8
✅ vite	125	27

✅ 💻 Local Development

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	127	25
✅ express-stable	127	25
✅ fastify-stable	127	25
✅ hono-stable	127	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	133	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	152	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	133	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	152	0
✅ nitro-stable	127	25
✅ nuxt-stable	127	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	146	6
✅ vite-stable	127	25

✅ 📦 Local Production

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	127	25
✅ express-stable	127	25
✅ fastify-stable	127	25
✅ hono-stable	127	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	133	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	152	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	133	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	152	0
✅ nitro-stable	127	25
✅ nuxt-stable	127	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	146	6
✅ vite-stable	127	25

✅ 🐘 Local Postgres

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ astro-stable	127	25
✅ express-stable	127	25
✅ fastify-stable	127	25
✅ hono-stable	127	25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary	133	19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable	152	0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary	133	19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable	152	0
✅ nitro-stable	127	25
✅ nuxt-stable	127	25
✅ sveltekit-stable	146	6
✅ vite-stable	127	25

✅ 🪟 Windows

App	Passed	Failed	Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack	152	0	0

✅ 📋 Other

App	Passed	Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable	127	25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start-	127	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable	127	25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start-	127	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable	127	25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start-	127	25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start	125	27

📋 View full workflow run

github-actions · 2026-06-30T17:56:12Z

📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	0.050s (+13.8% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.956s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	0.051s (+11.0% 🔺)	1.007s (~)	0.955s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.054s (~)	1.006s (~)	0.952s	10	1.07x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.061s (-44.6% 🟢)	1.012s (-2.7%)	0.951s	10	1.22x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.065s (+2.9%)	1.013s (~)	0.949s	10	1.29x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.068s (-7.3% 🟢)	1.012s (~)	0.944s	10	1.35x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	0.219s (-39.9% 🟢)	1.946s (+6.2% 🔺)	1.726s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	0.308s (+52.4% 🔺)	2.251s (+13.9% 🔺)	1.943s	10	1.40x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.871s (+88.5% 🔺)	2.707s (+5.5% 🔺)	1.836s	10	3.97x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	1.083s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.924s	10	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.090s (+0.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.916s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	1.091s (+0.8%)	2.006s (~)	0.915s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.095s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.916s	10	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.101s (~)	2.010s (~)	0.909s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.103s (+0.6%)	2.010s (~)	0.906s	10	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.358s (~)	2.719s (+3.3%)	1.361s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.552s (+15.3% 🔺)	3.322s (+17.5% 🔺)	1.770s	10	1.14x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.833s (-18.4% 🟢)	3.679s (-3.6%)	1.846s	10	1.35x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	10.484s (+0.6%)	11.023s (~)	0.539s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Express	10.491s (~)	11.023s (~)	0.532s	3	1.00x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.499s (~)	11.024s (~)	0.525s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	10.508s (~)	11.018s (~)	0.510s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	10.534s (+1.3%)	11.016s (~)	0.482s	3	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	10.549s (+0.6%)	11.016s (~)	0.468s	3	1.01x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	11.604s (-2.5%)	13.696s (~)	2.092s	3	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	11.666s (-3.2%)	13.375s (-1.8%)	1.709s	3	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.673s (~)	14.984s (+1.7%)	2.312s	3	1.09x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Nitro	13.627s (~)	14.027s (~)	0.400s	5	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	13.735s (~)	14.021s (~)	0.286s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	13.737s (~)	14.029s (~)	0.291s	5	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.743s (+0.7%)	14.020s (~)	0.277s	5	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	13.776s (+0.8%)	14.025s (~)	0.249s	5	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Express	13.874s (+1.8%)	14.018s (~)	0.144s	5	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	16.203s (-1.4%)	18.087s (-3.4%)	1.884s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	16.255s (-3.1%)	18.224s (-1.1%)	1.969s	4	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	18.645s (+8.4% 🔺)	20.365s (+5.5% 🔺)	1.720s	3	1.15x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	12.229s (-2.0%)	13.017s (~)	0.788s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	12.253s (~)	13.019s (~)	0.766s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.271s (-1.3%)	13.014s (+0.8%)	0.743s	7	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	12.303s (+1.6%)	13.025s (~)	0.722s	7	1.01x
💻 Local	Express	12.377s (+1.6%)	13.026s (~)	0.649s	7	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	12.614s (+3.6%)	13.167s (+1.1%)	0.553s	7	1.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	17.831s (+2.7%)	19.473s (+2.7%)	1.642s	5	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	17.964s (+1.9%)	19.808s (+2.5%)	1.844s	5	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	20.501s (+3.2%)	22.733s (+3.9%)	2.232s	4	1.15x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.187s (~)	2.008s (~)	0.821s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.203s (~)	2.007s (~)	0.804s	15	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.208s (-5.0% 🟢)	2.008s (-1.6%)	0.800s	15	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.402s (+0.7%)	2.006s (~)	0.604s	15	1.18x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.424s (+1.7%)	2.007s (~)	0.582s	15	1.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.462s (+2.7%)	2.073s (+3.3%)	0.611s	15	1.23x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.053s (+4.0%)	3.631s (-2.7%)	1.579s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.236s (+2.2%)	3.817s (~)	1.582s	8	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.734s (+12.7% 🔺)	5.416s (+5.8% 🔺)	1.682s	6	1.82x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.362s (+3.0%)	2.152s (-23.9% 🟢)	0.790s	14	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.365s (+0.7%)	2.224s (-4.0%)	0.859s	14	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.401s (+5.3% 🔺)	2.316s (-6.6% 🟢)	0.915s	13	1.03x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.271s (-17.1% 🟢)	2.918s (-6.1% 🟢)	0.647s	11	1.67x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.432s (-3.5%)	3.009s (-3.2%)	0.577s	10	1.79x
💻 Local	Express	2.598s (+0.6%)	3.109s (+3.3%)	0.512s	10	1.91x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.265s (-14.5% 🟢)	3.519s (-12.5% 🟢)	1.254s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.316s (-3.1%)	3.735s (-2.4%)	1.418s	9	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.021s (+10.8% 🔺)	5.580s (-3.4%)	1.559s	6	1.78x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.722s (+8.4% 🔺)	4.583s (+14.2% 🔺)	2.861s	7	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.768s (+11.3% 🔺)	4.137s (+3.1%)	2.368s	8	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.360s (+84.6% 🔺)	6.018s (+23.0% 🔺)	2.659s	5	1.95x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.211s (-46.3% 🟢)	4.870s (-39.3% 🟢)	0.659s	7	2.44x
💻 Local	Express	4.657s (-30.1% 🟢)	5.681s (-23.4% 🟢)	1.024s	6	2.70x
💻 Local	Nitro	4.709s (-23.4% 🟢)	5.013s (-26.5% 🟢)	0.304s	6	2.73x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	3.815s (+42.3% 🔺)	5.733s (+32.2% 🔺)	1.917s	6	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.842s (+45.3% 🔺)	5.432s (+28.5% 🔺)	1.590s	7	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.536s (+9.3% 🔺)	6.367s (+4.2%)	1.831s	5	1.19x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.197s (+1.5%)	2.008s (~)	0.811s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.199s (+1.4%)	2.009s (~)	0.809s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.210s (+3.2%)	2.009s (~)	0.799s	15	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.423s (+3.8%)	2.007s (~)	0.584s	15	1.19x
💻 Local	Express	1.484s (+2.6%)	2.007s (~)	0.524s	15	1.24x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.506s (+5.4% 🔺)	2.006s (~)	0.500s	15	1.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	1.957s (+2.1%)	3.542s (~)	1.585s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.076s (+9.7% 🔺)	3.590s (-3.3%)	1.515s	9	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.782s (-9.6% 🟢)	4.689s (-5.0%)	1.907s	7	1.42x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.320s (+1.0%)	2.141s (-13.3% 🟢)	0.822s	15	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.355s (+3.2%)	2.318s (-10.6% 🟢)	0.963s	13	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.380s (-1.8%)	2.511s (-0.8%)	1.131s	12	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.534s (-7.5% 🟢)	3.009s (-10.0% 🟢)	0.476s	10	1.92x
💻 Local	Express	2.569s (-2.6%)	3.009s (~)	0.440s	10	1.95x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.682s (~)	3.109s (-3.1%)	0.427s	10	2.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.175s (-6.2% 🟢)	3.616s (-4.3%)	1.442s	9	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.554s (+1.9%)	4.019s (+1.7%)	1.466s	8	1.17x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.475s (+2.0%)	5.194s (-1.4%)	1.720s	7	1.60x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.641s (~)	4.138s (-3.8%)	2.496s	8	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.686s (+5.9% 🔺)	4.011s (-3.0%)	2.324s	8	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.169s (+21.6% 🔺)	6.015s (+15.0% 🔺)	2.846s	5	1.93x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.444s (-15.5% 🟢)	6.218s (-16.2% 🟢)	0.774s	5	3.32x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	5.525s (-13.2% 🟢)	6.014s (-16.7% 🟢)	0.490s	5	3.37x
💻 Local	Express	5.768s (-8.9% 🟢)	6.416s (-5.9% 🟢)	0.648s	5	3.51x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Nitro	2.706s (-4.7%)	4.182s (-4.6%)	1.476s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Express	2.800s (-1.0%)	4.290s (-5.9% 🟢)	1.489s	7	1.04x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.778s (+9.2% 🔺)	7.183s (+16.4% 🔺)	2.405s	5	1.77x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	0.563s (+1.9%)	1.006s (~)	0.443s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.582s (+3.2%)	1.023s (~)	0.442s	59	1.03x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.628s (+4.2%)	1.022s (-1.6%)	0.394s	59	1.12x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.633s (+4.2%)	1.042s (-1.0%)	0.409s	58	1.12x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.647s (-2.1%)	1.005s (-5.0%)	0.358s	60	1.15x
💻 Local	Express	0.659s (+19.4% 🔺)	1.022s (+1.7%)	0.363s	59	1.17x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.436s (-9.5% 🟢)	4.018s (-6.3% 🟢)	1.582s	15	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.591s (-5.9% 🟢)	4.014s (-9.9% 🟢)	1.423s	15	1.06x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.526s (-2.4%)	5.442s (+1.1%)	1.917s	12	1.45x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	1.377s (+4.9%)	2.030s (-1.2%)	0.652s	45	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.385s (+2.5%)	2.053s (+1.1%)	0.668s	44	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.387s (-6.8% 🟢)	2.008s (-6.0% 🟢)	0.621s	45	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.526s (+6.8% 🔺)	2.006s (~)	0.480s	45	1.11x
💻 Local	Express	1.584s (+13.1% 🔺)	2.007s (~)	0.423s	45	1.15x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.610s (+8.1% 🔺)	2.029s (+1.1%)	0.418s	45	1.17x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.616s (-8.8% 🟢)	7.235s (-7.8% 🟢)	1.618s	13	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5.765s (-6.0% 🟢)	7.467s (-1.5%)	1.702s	13	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.150s (+2.8%)	10.046s (+2.6%)	1.896s	9	1.45x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	2.745s (+4.4%)	3.086s (~)	0.341s	39	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	2.788s (+7.1% 🔺)	3.111s (+2.5%)	0.323s	39	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.797s (-5.1% 🟢)	3.059s (-11.3% 🟢)	0.262s	40	1.02x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.348s (+5.4% 🔺)	4.009s (+1.6%)	0.661s	30	1.22x
💻 Local	Express	3.365s (+12.6% 🔺)	4.010s (+15.7% 🔺)	0.645s	30	1.23x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.401s (+6.2% 🔺)	4.009s (~)	0.608s	30	1.24x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	11.159s (-4.7%)	12.765s (-4.6%)	1.606s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	11.279s (-4.8%)	13.065s (-2.6%)	1.786s	10	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	16.526s (-2.0%)	18.877s (+0.9%)	2.351s	7	1.48x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	0.184s (-20.5% 🟢)	1.007s (~)	0.823s	60	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	0.223s (+3.9%)	1.006s (~)	0.783s	60	1.21x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.248s (+11.8% 🔺)	1.006s (~)	0.758s	60	1.35x
💻 Local	Nitro	0.545s (+26.9% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.460s	60	2.97x
💻 Local	Express	0.572s (+27.1% 🔺)	1.005s (~)	0.434s	60	3.11x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.657s (+4.5%)	1.022s (+1.7%)	0.365s	59	3.57x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.105s (+18.6% 🔺)	2.524s (+1.9%)	1.419s	24	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.164s (+13.5% 🔺)	2.519s (+3.3%)	1.355s	24	1.05x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.301s (+16.0% 🔺)	4.098s (+6.6% 🔺)	1.797s	15	2.08x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.352s (+4.6%)	1.007s (~)	0.655s	90	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.362s (+13.9% 🔺)	1.018s (~)	0.655s	89	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.370s (+11.2% 🔺)	1.029s (+2.3%)	0.658s	88	1.05x
💻 Local	Nitro	2.491s (+29.5% 🔺)	3.010s (+20.0% 🔺)	0.519s	30	7.08x
💻 Local	Express	2.570s (+18.1% 🔺)	3.010s (+8.8% 🔺)	0.441s	30	7.31x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.630s (-10.1% 🟢)	3.008s (-11.0% 🟢)	0.378s	30	7.48x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.673s (+17.5% 🔺)	3.127s (+4.1%)	1.454s	29	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.712s (+5.8% 🔺)	3.349s (+11.4% 🔺)	1.637s	27	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.917s (+17.0% 🔺)	5.130s (+24.9% 🔺)	2.214s	18	1.74x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.592s (+7.8% 🔺)	1.078s (-4.5%)	0.486s	113	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.611s (+12.5% 🔺)	1.140s (+2.0%)	0.528s	106	1.03x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.634s (+26.8% 🔺)	3.088s (+22.8% 🔺)	2.454s	39	1.07x
💻 Local	Nitro	5.708s (-40.8% 🟢)	8.557s (-20.6% 🟢)	2.848s	15	9.65x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	6.027s (-44.2% 🟢)	8.883s (-24.4% 🟢)	2.855s	14	10.18x
💻 Local	Express	6.294s (-31.9% 🟢)	8.955s (-14.3% 🟢)	2.661s	14	10.64x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	1.964s (+10.5% 🔺)	3.792s (+3.6%)	1.828s	32	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	1.992s (+18.8% 🔺)	3.661s (+6.1% 🔺)	1.669s	33	1.01x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.389s (+8.0% 🔺)	6.177s (+5.3% 🔺)	1.788s	20	2.23x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks (includes TTFB metrics)

workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
💻 Local	🥇 Next.js (Turbopack)	1.145s (+0.5%)	1.966s (~)	0.013s (+6.7% 🔺)	2.020s (~)	0.875s	10	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.159s (-2.4%)	2.001s (~)	0.001s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.852s	10	1.01x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.163s (+0.5%)	2.005s (~)	0.012s (+14.0% 🔺)	2.020s (~)	0.857s	10	1.02x
💻 Local	Express	1.165s (+2.1%)	2.005s (~)	0.013s (+20.8% 🔺)	2.021s (~)	0.856s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Express	1.165s (+1.1%)	1.993s (~)	0.001s (~)	2.011s (~)	0.846s	10	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.166s (-4.6%)	2.001s (+0.6%)	0.001s (+44.4% 🔺)	2.011s (~)	0.845s	10	1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.020s (-0.9%)	3.206s (-4.4%)	1.583s (+14.3% 🔺)	5.306s (+1.4%)	3.286s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	2.068s (+8.2% 🔺)	3.265s (+4.9%)	1.596s (-2.5%)	5.321s (+3.0%)	3.253s	10	1.02x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.895s (+21.3% 🔺)	4.293s (+7.4% 🔺)	0.874s (+5.8% 🔺)	6.743s (+10.3% 🔺)	2.848s	10	1.93x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.593s (~)	2.005s (-1.5%)	0.005s (-3.3%)	2.026s (-1.6%)	0.434s	30	1.00x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.597s (+2.4%)	2.009s (~)	0.012s (-10.4% 🟢)	2.024s (~)	0.427s	30	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.611s (+2.4%)	2.003s (~)	0.005s (-11.7% 🟢)	2.025s (~)	0.415s	30	1.01x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.614s (+2.2%)	1.969s (~)	0.013s (+13.3% 🔺)	2.026s (~)	0.413s	30	1.01x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.637s (-13.4% 🟢)	2.010s (-11.2% 🟢)	0.005s (-34.2% 🟢)	2.027s (-12.0% 🟢)	0.390s	30	1.03x
💻 Local	Express	1.639s (+6.4% 🔺)	2.011s (~)	0.014s (+5.0%)	2.028s (~)	0.390s	30	1.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	5.434s (-3.7%)	6.894s (-3.8%)	0.303s (+48.7% 🔺)	7.671s (-3.2%)	2.237s	8	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	5.606s (-1.0%)	6.819s (-2.1%)	0.258s (-9.3% 🟢)	7.598s (-1.0%)	1.992s	8	1.03x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	9.839s (+4.4%)	10.939s (+1.7%)	0.312s (+21.7% 🔺)	12.077s (+2.1%)	2.237s	5	1.81x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Nitro	0.781s (+1.4%)	1.084s (-1.9%)	0.000s (-100.0% 🟢)	1.099s (-1.8%)	0.318s	55	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Express	0.794s (+2.0%)	1.083s (+2.2%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.108s (+2.7%)	0.314s	55	1.02x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	0.940s (-31.7% 🟢)	1.334s (-32.0% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	1.342s (-33.0% 🟢)	0.401s	45	1.20x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	1.325s (-4.1%)	1.976s (~)	0.000s (+30.0% 🔺)	2.016s (~)	0.692s	30	1.70x
💻 Local	Express	1.378s (+8.2% 🔺)	1.889s (-6.1% 🟢)	0.000s (-14.1% 🟢)	1.892s (-6.1% 🟢)	0.514s	32	1.76x
💻 Local	Nitro	1.381s (+6.4% 🔺)	1.889s (-6.2% 🟢)	0.000s (+74.1% 🔺)	1.892s (-6.2% 🟢)	0.511s	32	1.77x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	2.871s (~)	4.166s (-3.8%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	4.671s (-3.1%)	1.800s	13	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	3.084s (-98.3% 🟢)	4.270s (-97.7% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	4.746s (-97.5% 🟢)	1.662s	13	1.07x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	4.704s (+11.0% 🔺)	5.686s (+4.7%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	6.747s (+8.9% 🔺)	2.043s	10	1.64x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres	🥇 Express	1.698s (-1.8%)	2.394s (+4.6%)	0.000s (+8.0% 🔺)	2.412s (+4.6%)	0.714s	25	1.00x
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	1.808s (-4.4%)	2.437s (~)	0.000s (+100.0% 🔺)	2.451s (~)	0.642s	25	1.06x
🐘 Postgres	Next.js (Turbopack)	2.093s (-26.0% 🟢)	2.654s (-21.0% 🟢)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	2.662s (-21.5% 🟢)	0.569s	23	1.23x
💻 Local	Nitro	3.325s (-9.8% 🟢)	3.842s (-11.0% 🟢)	0.001s (+6.9% 🔺)	3.845s (-11.0% 🟢)	0.520s	16	1.96x
💻 Local	Express	3.463s (+1.9%)	3.965s (-1.4%)	0.001s (+50.0% 🔺)	3.968s (-1.5%)	0.505s	16	2.04x
💻 Local	Next.js (Turbopack)	3.513s (+0.8%)	4.057s (+1.7%)	0.001s (+26.7% 🔺)	4.098s (+1.6%)	0.585s	15	2.07x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World	Framework	Workflow Time	TTFB	Slurp	Wall Time	Overhead	Samples	vs Fastest
▲ Vercel	🥇 Express	4.421s (+2.3%)	5.527s (-2.7%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	6.029s (-1.9%)	1.608s	10	1.00x
▲ Vercel	Nitro	4.798s (+10.3% 🔺)	6.072s (+3.1%)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	6.533s (+1.2%)	1.735s	10	1.09x
▲ Vercel	Next.js (Turbopack)	8.521s (+22.8% 🔺)	9.262s (+16.9% 🔺)	0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺)	10.446s (+18.2% 🔺)	1.926s	6	1.93x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World	🥇 Fastest Framework	Wins
💻 Local	Nitro	16/21
🐘 Postgres	Nitro	11/21
▲ Vercel	Express	15/21

Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework	🥇 Fastest World	Wins
Express	🐘 Postgres	16/21
Next.js (Turbopack)	🐘 Postgres	16/21
Nitro	🐘 Postgres	16/21

Column Definitions

Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)
🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
🌐 Redis + BullMQ: Community world (local development)
🌐 Cloudflare: Community world (local development)
🌐 MySQL: Community world (local development)
🌐 Azure: Community world (local development)
🌐 NATS JetStream: Community world (local development)
🌐 Upstash: Community world (local development)
🌐 Platformatic: Community world (local development)

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Fix postgres step lifecycle event ordering

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Simplify postgres event id allocation

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Simplify lazy step start narrowing

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NathanColosimo commented Jun 30, 2026

Summary

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🧪 E2E Test Results

Summary

Details by Category

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📊 Benchmark Results

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

💻 Local Development

▲ Production (Vercel)

Summary

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vercel Bot commented Jun 30, 2026 •

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changeset-bot Bot commented Jun 30, 2026 •

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github-actions Bot commented Jun 30, 2026 •

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github-actions Bot commented Jun 30, 2026 •

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