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[fp024a] Sidepod Radiator Study

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Yosuke Yamamoto edited this page Mar 28, 2018 · 128 revisions

fp024a - Sidepod / Radiator Study

This study is based on simulations as below.

Contents

  • Simulations
    • Model with Updates
    • Radiator Models
    • Sidepod C / Radiator Duct C
    • Sidepod Radiator Outlet Louvers
    • Radiator Duct D
    • Radiator Duct Turning Vanes
  • Summary

Simulations

Model with Updates

I rebuilt a CFD model with mechanical design updates. The bodyworks are basically the same with the former model in fp-023d simulation. Major changes are as follows.

  • Opening holes for suspension arms on the rear bodywork
  • Opening one upper hole on the rear bodywork end
  • Applying designs of mechanical parts inside the bodywork
  • Modifying suspension geometries and arm designs

fp024a_cfd_model-with-updates_pressure_rear-view

Coefficients of Forces on Body and Wheels

Coef. Control Model with Updates Difference Difference % Remarks
Cm 0.0518 0.0352 -0.0166 -32.1
Cd 0.5649 0.5637 -0.0013 -0.2
Cl -0.2135 -0.1795 0.0340 -15.9
Clf -0.0550 -0.0546 0.0004 -0.7
Clr -0.1586 -0.1249 0.0336 -21.2
CoP 0.7425 0.6959 -0.0466 -4.7
L/D -0.3780 -0.3185 0.0595 -15.7

Coefficients of Forces on Body Only (without Wheels)

Coef. Control Model with Updates Difference Difference % Remarks
Cm 0.0282 0.0099 -0.0184 -65.1
Cd 0.4531 0.4545 0.0014 0.3
Cl -0.2557 -0.2176 0.0381 -14.9
Clf -0.0996 -0.0989 0.0007 -0.7
Clr -0.1561 -0.1186 0.0374 -24.0
CoP 0.6104 0.5453 -0.0651 -6.5
L/D -0.5643 -0.4786 0.0856 -15.2
  • Control : Re-calc. fp024d / Side Mirror - 30mm Higher & 20mm Outer

The drags and the front downforces are almost the same, but the rear downforce decreased significantly at the model with updates.

Some low pressure areas are decreasing on the bottom side of the stepped floor and the rear bumper.

fp024a_cfd_model-with-updates_pressure_bottom-view

Although the rear downforce is decreasing, since it is a model which the car designs are more applied to, simulations will be based on this model afterwards.

Radiator Models

  • Radiator Model : 20mm x 20mm Square Holes
    • 14 x 9 = 126 Holes / 30mm Pitch / Depth 35mm
    • Duct Area = 120523.294 (+/- 0.00023) mm2
    • Not Hole Area = 70123.2943 (+/- 0.00023) mm2
    • Opening 41.8% : (120523.294-70123.2943)/120523.294 = 0.41817642073
  • Radiator Model : 10mm x 10mm Square Holes
    • 28 x 18 = 504 Holes / 15mm Pitch / Depth 35mm
    • Duct Area = 120523.294 (+/- 0.00023) mm2
    • Not Hole Area = 70123.2943 (+/- 0.00023) mm2
    • Opening 41.8% : (120523.294-70123.2943)/120523.294 = 0.41817642073

Radiator Model - None : Control fp024a_cfd_radiatormodel-none

Radiator Model - 20mm x 20mm Holes fp024a_cfd_radiatormodel-20mmx20mm

Radiator Model - 10mm x 10mm Holes fp024a_cfd_radiatormodel-10mmx10mm

Coefficients of Forces on Body and Wheels

Coef. Control Difference 20mm x 20mm Difference 10mm x 10mm Remarks
Cm 0.0352 0.0001 0.0353 0.0003 0.0356
Cd 0.5637 0.0001 0.5637 0.0000 0.5638
Cl -0.1795 -0.0014 -0.1810 0.0004 -0.1806
Clf -0.0546 -0.0006 -0.0552 0.0005 -0.0547
Clr -0.1249 -0.0008 -0.1258 -0.0002 -0.1259
CoP 0.6959 -0.0009 0.6950 0.0022 0.6973
L/D -0.3185 -0.0025 -0.3210 0.0007 -0.3203
RF 0.2057 -0.0298 0.1760 -0.0403 0.1357 Radiator Flow m3/s
RF 1.0000 -0.1447 0.8553 -0.1957 0.6596 RF / Control

Coefficients of Forces on Body Only (without Wheels)

Coef. Control Difference 20mm x 20mm Difference 10mm x 10mm Remarks
Cm 0.0099 0.0002 0.0101 0.0003 0.0104
Cd 0.4545 0.0002 0.4548 0.0000 0.4548
Cl -0.2176 -0.0014 -0.2190 0.0002 -0.2188
Clf -0.0989 -0.0005 -0.0994 0.0004 -0.0990
Clr -0.1186 -0.0009 -0.1196 -0.0002 -0.1198
CoP 0.5453 0.0008 0.5461 0.0016 0.5476
L/D -0.4786 -0.0029 -0.4815 0.0005 -0.4811
  • Control : Model with Updates (No Radiator Model)

Raditator Flow - U Magnitude

Sidepod Origin - No Radiator fp024a_cfd_radiator_u-mag_sidepod-org_no-radiator

Sidepod Origin - Radiator 20mm x 20mm Holes fp024a_cfd_radiator_u-mag_sidepod-org_radiator-20mmx20mm-holes

Sidepod Origin - Radiator 10mm x 10mm Holes fp024a_cfd_radiator_u-mag_sidepod-org_radiator-10mmx10mm-holes

Sidepod C / Radiator Duct C

  • Radiator Origin Size : 450mm x 300mm x 40mm
  • Radiator C Size : 450mm x 330mm x 40mm (10% Larger)

Sidepod C & Radiator Duct C Difference GIF Images

fp024a_cfd_sidepod-c-diff

fp024a_cfd_radiator-c-diff

Coefficients of Forces on Body and Wheels

Coef. Control Sidepod C Difference Difference % Remarks
Cm 0.0356 0.0334 -0.0022 -6.2
Cd 0.5638 0.5632 -0.0006 -0.1
Cl -0.1806 -0.1770 0.0036 -2.0
Clf -0.0547 -0.0551 -0.0004 0.8
Clr -0.1259 -0.1219 0.0040 -3.2
CoP 0.6973 0.6888 -0.0085 -0.8
L/D -0.3203 -0.3143 0.0060 -1.9
RF 0.1357 0.1551 0.0194 14.3 Radiator Flow m3/s

Coefficients of Forces on Body Only (without Wheels)

Coef. Control Sidepod C Difference Difference % Remarks
Cm 0.0104 0.0080 -0.0024 -22.8
Cd 0.4548 0.4537 -0.0011 -0.2
Cl -0.2188 -0.2151 0.0036 -1.7
Clf -0.0990 -0.0995 -0.0006 0.6
Clr -0.1198 -0.1156 0.0042 -3.5
CoP 0.5476 0.5374 -0.0103 -1.0
L/D -0.4811 -0.4742 0.0069 -1.4
  • Control : Radiator Holes 10mm x 10mm

Radiator Flow - U Magnitude

Sidepod Origin - Radiator 10mm x 10mm Holes fp024a_cfd_radiator_u-mag_sidepod-org_radiator-10mmx10mm-holes

Sidepod C fp024a_cfd_radiator_u-mag_sidepod-c

Sidepod Radiator Outlet Louvers

In order to increase the radiator flow, I tried several outlets on Sidepod C.

Some low pressure areas are found on the side wall of Sidepod C aft of the radiator as below.

Sidepod C - Pressure / Left View fp024a_cfd_sidepod-c_pressure_left-view

5 outlet louvers on the side wall were designed as followings.

  1. Louver Lower
  2. Louver Lower / Top Half
  3. Louver Lower Backward
  4. Louver Lower Backward / Top Half
  5. Louver Upper

Sidepod C - Louvers fp024a_cfd_sidepod-c_louvers

Sidepod C - Louver Lower fp024a_cfd_sidepod-c_louver_lwr

Sidepod C - Louver Lower / Top Half fp024a_cfd_sidepod-c_louver_lwr_top-half

Sidepod C - Louver Lower Backward fp024a_cfd_sidepod-c_louver_lwr_bwd

Sidepod C - Louver Lower Backward / Top Half fp024a_cfd_sidepod-c_louver_lwr_bwd_top-half

Sidepod C - Louver Upper fp024a_cfd_sidepod-c_louver_upr

Coefficients of Forces on Body and Wheels

Coef. Sidepod C Louver Lwr Louver Lwr / Top Half Louver Lwr Bwd Louver Lwr Bwd / Top Half Louver Upr Remarks
Cm 0.0334 0.0322 0.0329 0.0312 0.0321 0.0311
Cd 0.5632 0.5636 0.5631 0.5628 0.5628 0.5637
Cl -0.1770 -0.1702 -0.1745 -0.1673 -0.1727 -0.1696
Clf -0.0551 -0.0529 -0.0544 -0.0524 -0.0542 -0.0537
Clr -0.1219 -0.1173 -0.1201 -0.1149 -0.1185 -0.1159
CoP 0.6888 0.6891 0.6883 0.6867 0.6860 0.6835
L/D -0.3143 -0.3019 -0.3098 -0.2972 -0.3069 -0.3008
RF 0.1551 0.2319 0.1939 0.2056 0.1857 0.2133 Radiator Flow m3/s
RF 1.0000 1.4955 1.2505 1.3259 1.1979 1.3756 RF / Control

Coefficients of Forces on Body Only (without Wheels)

Coef. Sidepod C Louver Lwr Louver Lwr / Top Half Louver Lwr Bwd Louver Lwr Bwd / Top Half Louver Upr Remarks
Cm 0.0080 0.0069 0.0075 0.0060 0.0069 0.0059
Cd 0.4537 0.4557 0.4542 0.4550 0.4541 0.4555
Cl -0.2151 -0.2083 -0.2126 -0.2053 -0.2109 -0.2077
Clf -0.0995 -0.0973 -0.0988 -0.0967 -0.0986 -0.0980
Clr -0.1156 -0.1110 -0.1138 -0.1086 -0.1123 -0.1097
CoP 0.5374 0.5330 0.5354 0.5291 0.5326 0.5282
L/D -0.4742 -0.4570 -0.4681 -0.4512 -0.4644 -0.4559
  • "Louver Lwr" is the best for the radiator flow increase
  • "Louver Lwr / Top Half" is the least decrease of Clr

Sidepod C - Louvers / Pressure - Left View

fp024a_cfd_sidepod-c_louvers_pressure_left-view

Sidepod C - Louvers / Pressure - Sectional Top View

fp024a_cfd_sidepod-c_louvers_pressure_radiator-sectional_top-view

Sidepod C - Louvers / U Magnitude at Z=220mm

fp024a_cfd_sidepod-c_louvers_u-mag_z220_top-view

Radiator Flow - U Magnitude

Sidepod C fp024a_cfd_radiator_u-mag_sidepod-c

Sidepod C - Louver Lwr fp024a_cfd_radiator_u-mag_sidepod-c_louver-lwr

Sidepod C - Louver Lwr / Top Half fp024a_cfd_radiator_u-mag_sidepod-c_louver-lwr_top-half

Sidepod C - Louver Lwr Bwd fp024a_cfd_radiator_u-mag_sidepod-c_louver-lwr_bwd

Sidepod C - Louver Lwr Bwd / Top Half fp024a_cfd_radiator_u-mag_sidepod-c_louver-lwr_bwd_top-half

Sidepod C - Louver Upr fp024a_cfd_radiator_u-mag_sidepod-c_louver-upr

Radiator Duct D

Radiator Duct C fp024a_cfd_radiator-duct-c

Radiator Duct D fp024a_cfd_radiator-duct-d

Coefficients of Forces on Body and Wheels

Coef. Duct C Duct D Difference Difference % Remarks
Cm 0.0334 0.0334 0.0000 -0.1
Cd 0.5632 0.5634 0.0002 0.0
Cl -0.1770 -0.1770 0.0001 0.0
Clf -0.0551 -0.0551 0.0000 0.0
Clr -0.1219 -0.1219 0.0001 -0.1
CoP 0.6888 0.6886 -0.0002 0.0
L/D -0.3143 -0.3141 0.0002 -0.1
RF 0.1551 0.1572 0.0021 1.4 Radiator Flow m3/s

Coefficients of Forces on Body Only (without Wheels)

Coef. Duct C Duct D Difference Difference % Remarks
Cm 0.0080 0.0080 -0.0001 -1.0
Cd 0.4537 0.4539 0.0002 0.0
Cl -0.2151 -0.2149 0.0002 -0.1
Clf -0.0995 -0.0995 0.0000 0.0
Clr -0.1156 -0.1154 0.0002 -0.2
CoP 0.5374 0.5371 -0.0003 0.0
L/D -0.4742 -0.4735 0.0007 -0.1

Radiator Flow - U Magnitude

Sidepod C - Radiatro Duct C fp024a_cfd_radiator_u-mag_sidepod-c

Sidepod C - Radiator Duct D fp024a_cfd_radiator_u-mag_sidepod-c_radiator-duct-d

Radiator Duct Turning Vanes

Coefficients of Forces on Body and Wheels

Coef. Control V Fillet V 1pc V 2pcs H H-B Remarks
Cm 0.0334 0.0333 0.0332 0.0333 0.0332 0.0330
Cd 0.5634 0.5624 0.5633 0.5631 0.5630 0.5625
Cl -0.1770 -0.1771 -0.1767 -0.1768 -0.1762 -0.1756
Clf -0.0551 -0.0552 -0.0551 -0.0552 -0.0549 -0.0548
Clr -0.1219 -0.1218 -0.1216 -0.1217 -0.1213 -0.1208
CoP 0.6886 0.6880 0.6879 0.6881 0.6886 0.6878
L/D -0.3141 -0.3148 -0.3137 -0.3140 -0.3129 -0.3122
RF 0.1572 0.1566 0.1589 0.1591 0.1602 0.1616 Radiator Flow m3/s
RF 1.0000 0.9967 1.0111 1.0120 1.0192 1.0285 RF / Control

Coefficients of Forces on Body Only (without Wheels)

Coef. Control V Fillet V 1pc V 2pcs H H-B Remarks
Cm 0.0080 0.0079 0.0077 0.0078 0.0078 0.0075
Cd 0.4539 0.4529 0.4538 0.4536 0.4534 0.4530
Cl -0.2149 -0.2150 -0.2145 -0.2147 -0.2142 -0.2135
Clf -0.0995 -0.0996 -0.0995 -0.0995 -0.0993 -0.0992
Clr -0.1154 -0.1154 -0.1150 -0.1152 -0.1149 -0.1143
CoP 0.5371 0.5366 0.5360 0.5364 0.5363 0.5352
L/D -0.4735 -0.4748 -0.4728 -0.4734 -0.4725 -0.4713
  • Control : Radiator Duct D

Radiator Flow - U Magnitude

Sidepod C - Radiator Duct D fp024a_cfd_radiator_u-mag_sidepod-c_radiator-duct-d

Sidepod C - Radiator Duct D / Vertical Turning Fillet fp024a_cfd_radiator_u-mag_sidepod-c_radiator-duct-d_turning-fillet

Sidepod C - Radiator Duct D / Turning Vane - Vertical fp024a_cfd_radiator_u-mag_sidepod-c_radiator-duct-d_turning-vane-v

Sidepod C - Radiator Duct D / Turning Vane - Vertical 2pcs fp024a_cfd_radiator_u-mag_sidepod-c_radiator-duct-d_turning-vane-v-2pcs

Sidepod C - Radiator Duct D / Turning Vane - Horizontal fp024a_cfd_radiator_u-mag_sidepod-c_radiator-duct-d_turning-vane-h

Sidepod C - Radiator Duct D / Turning Vane - Horizontal B fp024a_cfd_radiator_u-mag_sidepod-c_radiator-duct-d_turning-vane-h-b

Summary

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