Summary:
Bump protobuf version to 21.12 (latest version that doesn't require thirdparty build changes).

This also picks up changes to compile thirdparty with -DNDEBUG.
Jira: DB-15455

Test Plan: Jenkins

Reviewers: asrivastava, xCluster, hsunder, #db-approvers, rthallam

Reviewed By: asrivastava, #db-approvers, rthallam

Subscribers: svc_phabricator, yql, ybase

Differential Revision: https://phorge.dev.yugabyte.com/D41895