Summary:
LLVM clang17 does not support `vla-cxx-extension`, so limit `Wno-vla-cxx-extension` to only apple `clang` v17+

Fixes #26696
Jira: DB-16072

Test Plan: Jenkins

Reviewers: esheng

Reviewed By: esheng

Subscribers: ybase

Differential Revision: https://phorge.dev.yugabyte.com/D43039