Summary:
Update build containers used by GitHub Actions to latest ones that have CMake 3.31, since
that is now required to build the database.

Also changed to build with clang19 instead of clang17, since that is what all of our Jenkins builds
are now using.
Jira: DB-16207

Test Plan: N/A

Reviewers: asrivastava, #db-approvers, rthallam

Reviewed By: asrivastava, #db-approvers, rthallam

Subscribers: svc_phabricator, ybase

Differential Revision: https://phorge.dev.yugabyte.com/D43201