Summary:
Issue when /opt is not writeable by root where mkdir can fail with permission denied but recursively we hit stack overflow since we never handle that case. This diff adds support for handling permission denied as well as some other common errors that might prevent us from ever creating directories (too many links, not enough space, invalid path).
Original commit: 097072ec6ae919197bce592fe3474ed62dbd7d88 / D41214

Test Plan:
sudo chattr +i /opt
try to do yba-ctl install, ensure permission denied error is immediately thrown

Reviewers: dshubin, nsingh, sanketh

Reviewed By: dshubin

Subscribers: yugaware

Differential Revision: https://phorge.dev.yugabyte.com/D41444