This repository implements security best practices for a data engineering platform on AWS. Security is a top priority, and this document outlines the measures taken to protect the infrastructure and data.

• No SSH Access: EC2 instances have NO SSH access configured for security
• Restrictive Security Groups: Only necessary ports are opened
• Private Networking: Instances use private IPs where possible
• Firewall Configuration: UFW firewall enabled with deny-by-default policy

• AWS Systems Manager: Secure access via Session Manager instead of SSH
• IAM Roles: Least privilege access with specific S3 permissions
• No Public Keys: No SSH key pairs associated with instances
• Instance Profiles: Secure credential management for AWS services

• EBS Encryption: All storage volumes are encrypted at rest
• S3 Security: Bucket access restricted to specific IAM roles
• CloudWatch Logging: Comprehensive monitoring and logging
• Automatic Updates: Security patches applied automatically

• Local Binding: Airflow web UI only accessible on localhost (127.0.0.1)
• Authentication: Password-based authentication enabled
• Secure Configuration: Hardened airflow.cfg with security settings
• Service Isolation: Airflow runs as dedicated user with limited privileges
• Random Passwords: Admin passwords generated securely

• No Hardcoded Secrets: All sensitive data managed via AWS services
• Environment Isolation: Virtual environments for Python dependencies
• Secure Defaults: Security-first configuration templates

• GitHub Secrets: AWS credentials stored as encrypted repository secrets
• No Credentials in Code: Zero tolerance for hardcoded credentials
• Comprehensive .gitignore: Prevents accidental commit of sensitive files

• Branch Protection: Main branch protected from direct pushes
• Review Requirements: Changes require review before merge
• Automated Scanning: Security vulnerabilities detected automatically

Since SSH is disabled for security, use these methods to access EC2 instances:

# Install AWS CLI and configure credentials
aws configure

# Start secure session
aws ssm start-session --target <INSTANCE_ID>

1. Go to EC2 → Instances
2. Select your instance
3. Click "Connect" → "Session Manager"
4. Click "Connect"

The Airflow web UI is only accessible locally for security. To access it:

# Forward local port 8080 to instance
aws ssm start-session \
    --target <INSTANCE_ID> \
    --document-name AWS-StartPortForwardingSession \
    --parameters '{"portNumber":["8080"],"localPortNumber":["8080"]}'

Then access http://localhost:8080 in your browser.

1. Never commit secrets: Use environment variables or AWS services
2. Regular updates: Keep dependencies and systems updated
3. Least privilege: Request only necessary permissions
4. Code review: All changes must be reviewed
5. Secure coding: Follow OWASP guidelines

1. Monitor access: Review CloudWatch logs regularly
2. Rotate credentials: Regular rotation of access keys
3. Backup strategy: Secure backup and recovery procedures
4. Incident response: Have a plan for security incidents
5. Compliance: Follow industry standards and regulations

1. Network segmentation: Isolate different environments
2. Encryption everywhere: Encrypt data at rest and in transit
3. Access logging: Log all access attempts
4. Regular audits: Periodic security assessments
5. Disaster recovery: Test recovery procedures regularly

If you discover a security vulnerability, please report it responsibly:

1. Do NOT create a public GitHub issue
2. Contact the repository maintainer directly
3. Provide detailed information about the vulnerability
4. Allow time for the issue to be addressed before disclosure

Before deploying to production, ensure:

• All secrets are managed via AWS services or GitHub Secrets
• No hardcoded credentials in code
• Security groups follow least privilege principle
• EBS volumes are encrypted
• CloudWatch logging is enabled
• Systems Manager agent is installed and running
• Firewall is configured and enabled
• Automatic security updates are enabled
• IAM roles follow least privilege principle
• No SSH keys are associated with instances

This infrastructure follows:

• AWS Well-Architected Framework - Security Pillar
• NIST Cybersecurity Framework
• CIS Controls for AWS
• OWASP Top 10 for application security

• AWS CloudWatch for monitoring and logging
• AWS Systems Manager for secure access
• UFW firewall for network protection
• Automatic security updates

• AWS GuardDuty for threat detection
• AWS Config for compliance monitoring
• AWS Security Hub for centralized security findings
• AWS Inspector for vulnerability assessments

1. Immediate Response

   • Isolate affected systems
   • Preserve evidence
   • Document the incident

2. Investigation

   • Review CloudWatch logs
   • Check access patterns
   • Identify scope of impact

3. Recovery

   • Apply security patches
   • Rotate compromised credentials
   • Update security configurations

4. Post-Incident

   • Conduct lessons learned
   • Update security procedures
   • Implement additional controls

For security-related questions or concerns:

• Repository Maintainer: Amado Roque
• LinkedIn: Amado Roque

Remember: Security is everyone's responsibility. When in doubt, choose the more secure option.