Git-tutorial

Learning Git and GitHub with Harry on his YouTube channel CodeWithHarry.

Git Commands

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1. Clear the console:

clear

2. Logout from console:

logout
or
exit

3. Show the name of the Git user from Git configuration:

git config --global user.name

4. Set the name of the Git user in Git configuration:

git config --global user.name Zulfequar Ali

5. Show the email of the Git user from Git configuration:

git config --global user.email

6. Set the email of the Git user in Git configuration:

git config --global user.email develperzull@gmail.com

7. Open VS Code with the current directory open:

code .

8. Initialize a Git repository in the current directory:

git init

9. Show all the sub direcories in the current directory:

ls -lart

10. List all files in the current directory (using Unix command):

ls

11. Create a file in the current directory:

touch index.html

12. Get the current status of the repository:

git status

13. Show the current status of the repository in short:

git status -s

14. Add a single file to staging area:

git add index.html

15. Add mulitple files to staging area:

git add index.html about.html

16. Add all files to staging area:

git add --all
or
git add -A
or
git add .

17. Commit staged files:

git commit -m "Feature: Added a nav bar"

18. For a single, file restore changes from the last commit:

git checkout index.html

19. For all files, restore changes from the last commit:

git checkout -f
or
git checkout --force

20. Show all commits log:

git log

21. Show last 1 commit with changes:

git log -p -1
Hint: Press 'q' for quitting.

22. Show last 1 commit:

git log -1
or
git log -n 1
or
git log --max-count=1

23. Show differences between working tree files and staged files:

git diff

24. Show differences between staged files and last committed files:

git diff --staged

25. Directly commit all files without staging them:

git commit -a -m "Feature: Added new files and directly commited without staging."

26. Remove file from the working tree and from the index (i.e. local file is also deleted):

git rm waste.html

27. Move a staged or committed file to untracked area (file is first moved to staging area then deleted from there and moved to untracked area):

git rm --cached waste.html

28. Ignore some files and don't track them:

Create '.gitignore' file in the root directory of the repository and list out the filenames to be ignored.
Add '*.log' to the list to ingore all files with .log extension.
Add '<directory_name>/' to the list to ingnore the directory and its contents.
Add '<file_path>' to the list ingore a file at a specific folder.

29. Show all branches:

git branch

30. Create a branch from current branch:

git branch <branch_name>

31. Switch to a branch:

git checkout <branch_name>

32. Create a new branch and switch to it as well:

git checkout -b <branch_name>

33. Merge a branch to current branch:

git merge <branch_name>

34. Delete a branch:

git branch -d <branch_name>
or
git branch -D <branch_name>

35. Add a remote repository (remote):

git remote add <remote_name> <repository_url>

36. Show all remotes:

git remote

37. Show romtes with their URLs:

git remote -v
or
git remote -verbose

38. Push a (local) branch to a remote:

git push <remote_name> <branch_name>

39. Generate a new SSH key:

ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C "your_email@example.com"
or
ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "your_email@example.com"

40. Start the ssh-agent in the background:

eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"

41. Add your SSH private key to ssh-agent:

ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_ed25519
[Note: If you created your key with a different name, or if you are adding an existing key that
has a different name, replace id_ed25519 in the command with the name of your private key file.]
or
ssh-add <ssh_key_file_address>
or
ssh-add <local_repository_root_directory_address/ssh_key_filename>

42. Copy the SSH public key contents to your clipboard:

clip < ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub
or
clip < <ssh_public_key_file_address>

43. Print the SSH public key contents on the terminal:

cat ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub
or
cat <ssh_public_key_file_address>

44. Test your SSH connection (attempts to ssh to GitHub):

ssh -T git@github.com
You may see a warning like this:
> The authenticity of host 'github.com (IP ADDRESS)' can't be established.
> RSA key fingerprint is SHA256:nThbg6kXUpJWGl7E1IGOCspRomTxdCARLviKw6E5SY8.
> Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?
Verify that the fingerprint in the message you see matches GitHub's public key fingerprint.
If it does, then type yes:
> Hi USERNAME! You've successfully authenticated, but GitHub does not provide shell access.
Verify that the resulting message contains your username.

45. Show the current HTTPS of SSH URLs for a remote:

git remote get-url <remote_name>
or
git remote get-url --all <remote_name>

46. Change the URL for a remote:

git remote set-url <remote_name> <new_url>

47. Update the remote by pushing/uploading the local files of a branch and add the upstream (tracking) reference as well:

git push -u <remote_name> <branch_name>
or
git push --set-upstream <remote_name> <branch_name>

48. Update the remote by pushing local files from the current branch (last pushed branch using -u or --set-upstream option):

git push

49. Clone/copy a public repository:

git clone <repository_url>

50. Clone a public repository into a new directory:

git clone <repository_url> <new_dictory_name>

51. Set your current local branch to exactly match the remote branch can be done in two steps:

git fetch origin
git reset --hard origin/master