🧠 Smoking Behavior Data Analysis Using SQL

This project performs an in-depth analysis of smoking behaviors across various demographic and socio-economic groups using SQL. The data is assumed to come from a dataset named smoking, containing information on individual smoking status, gender, age, income, education, marital status, ethnicity, and region.

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📊 Objectives

The aim of this analysis is to uncover patterns and trends in smoking habits based on:

• General prevalence
• Gender and age
• Regional differences
• Education and income level
• Marital status and ethnicity

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📁 Dataset Structure

The dataset smoking includes the following relevant columns:

• smoke – Indicates if the individual smokes (Yes/No)
• gender – Gender of the individual (Male, Female)
• age – Age of the individual (numeric)
• region – Region of residence
• gross_income – Annual income bracket
• highest_qualification – Highest level of education attained
• marital_status – Marital status
• ethnicity – Ethnic background

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🧮 SQL Analysis Breakdown

📊 Summary of Findings

Metric	Result
Total Individuals	1,691
Smokers (%)	25.0%
Non-Smokers (%)	75.0%

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👤 Demographic Breakdown

Age Distribution of Smokers

Age Group	Smokers Count
14–25	54
25–40	136
40–60	136
60+	72

Gender Distribution of Smokers

Gender	Percentage
Male	44.0%
Female	56.0%

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🌍 Regional Smoking Trends

Top regions by number of smokers:

Region	Smokers Count
The North	24
Midlands & East Anglia	22
South East	15
Scotland	12
London	12
South West	10
Wales	5

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🎓 Smoking by Education Level

Education Level	Total Individuals	Smokers	Smoking Rate (%)
GCSE/CSE	102	38	37.26%
GCSE/O Level	308	105	34.09%
ONC/BTEC	76	23	30.26%
Other/Sub Degree	127	31	24.41%
No Qualification	586	137	23.38%
Higher/Sub Degree	125	27	21.60%
A Levels	105	21	20.00%
Degree	262	39	14.89%

📌 Insight: Individuals with lower educational attainment are more likely to smoke. Those with degrees have the lowest smoking rate at 14.89%.

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💰 Smoking by Income Bracket

Income Group	Total	Smokers	Smoking Rate (%)
£10,400–15,600	268	83	30.97%
Under £2,600	133	36	27.07%
£5,200–10,400	396	107	27.02%
£2,600–5,200	257	64	24.90%
£20,800–28,600	155	38	24.52%
£15,600–20,800	188	45	23.94%
Refused	108	21	19.44%
Above £36,400	89	15	16.85%
Unknown	18	3	16.67%
£28,600–36,400	79	9	11.39%

💡 Observation: Smoking rates are highest in the £10,400–15,600 range and lowest in the £28,600–36,400 range.

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💍 Marital Status and Smoking

Marital Status	Total	Smokers	Smoking Rate (%)
Single	427	158	37.00%
Divorced	161	58	36.03%
Separated	68	22	32.35%
Widowed	223	40	17.94%
Married	812	143	17.61%

❤️ Insight: Single and divorced individuals smoke at significantly higher rates than those who are married or widowed.

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🌈 Ethnicity and Smoking

Ethnicity	Total	Smokers	Smoking Rate (%)
Mixed	14	5	35.71%
White	1560	390	25.00%
Black	34	8	23.53%
Asian	41	8	19.51%
Chinese	27	5	18.52%

✨ Insight: Mixed ethnicity individuals have the highest smoking rate, while Chinese and Asian individuals report the lowest.

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🛠️ Technologies Used

• SQLite / SQL (ANSI)
• Data Cleaning (basic filtering and conditional aggregation)
• Window Functions and CTEs for modular and readable query logic

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📈 Key Insights (Example)

⚠️ These are illustrative and not actual values unless you’ve run the queries:

• Overall Smoking Rate: ~32% of individuals reported smoking.
• Age 25–40 is the most smoking-prone age group.
• Lower education levels tend to have higher smoking rates.
• Smoking is most prevalent in regions The North,Midlands & East Anglia , South East.
• Single individuals and certain ethnic groups show higher prevalence.

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