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Receive Process
The Receive Process builds the lower part of OBECA. Its main task is to convert a 5G BC input signal (received as I/Q raw data from the SDR) to Multicast IP packets on the output. The Receive Process can run as background process or can be started/stopped manually. Configuration can be done in the config file or via RestAPI.
- How it works
- Installation
- Run the Receive Process
- Capture and running of sample files
- Measurement recording (and GPS)
- Logfiles
- Configuration
- Config file (general description and Receive Process parts)
- RestAPI (including http(s) and API key config)
In case you have any questions, need support during installation/running OBECA or simply want to contribute to the project, please contact obeca@ors.at.
The main components of the Receive Process are implemented as modules for a better overview and to easier improve parts later:
- Reception of I/Q data from the Lime SDR Mini, for test purposes the real data can be replaced with data from a previously recorded sample file
- PHY: synchronization, OFDM demodulation, channel estimation, decoding of the physical control and user data channels
- MAC: evaluation of DCI , CFI, SIB and MIB. Decoding of MCCH and MTCH
- Read out settings from the configuration file
- RLC / GW: Receipt of MTCH data, output on tun network interface
- Rest API Server: provides an HTTP server for the RESTful API
- Logging of status messages via syslog
The Receive Process is implemeted as a standalone C++ application which uses some parts of the srsLTE library. In order to use FeMBMS, functional extensions and adjustments in srsLTE are necessary:
- phy/ch_estimation/: Implementation of channel estimation and reference signal for subcarrier spacings 1.25 and 7.5 kHz
- phy/dft/: FFT for subcarrier spacings 1.25 and 7.5 kHz
- phy/phch/: MIB1-MBMS extension
- phy/phch/: support for subcarrier spacings 1.25 and 7.5 kHz
- phy/sch/: BER-calculation added
- phy/ue/: Dynamic selection of sample rate / number of PRB to support sample files and FeMBMS-Radioframestructure (1 + 39)
- asn1: Support for subcarrier_spacing_mbms_r14
A list of other used open source software components can be found here.
Installation of OBECA consists of 4 simple steps:
- Install dependencies
- Install SDR drivers
- Building the Receive Process
- Post installation configuration
Please see the README file in the receive process repository for the installation guide.
The configuration for the Receive Process (center frequency, gain, ports for api, ...) can be changed in the configuration file.
The rp application outputs all received packets on a tunnel (tun) network interface. The kernel can be configured to route multicast packets arriving on this internal interface to a network interface, so they are streamed into the local network.
By default, the tunnel interface is named rp_tun, and m'cast routing is configured to forward all packets to the default NUC ethernet interface eno1.
This can be customized by editing the corresponding environment variables in /etc/default/obeca:
### The tun interface to be created for the receive process
RP_TUN_INTERFACE="rp_tun"
### Automatically set up multicast packet routing from the tun interface to a network interface
ENABLE_MCAST_ROUTING=true
MCAST_ROUTE_TARGET="eno1"
For changes to take effect, Receive Process needs to be restarted: sudo systemctl restart rp
The RP runs manually or as a background process (daemon). If the process terminates due to an error, it is automatically restarted. With systemd, execution, automatic start and manual restart of the process can be configured or triggered (systemctl enable / disable / start / stop / restart). Starting, stopping and configuring autostart for rp: The standard systemd mechanisms are used to control rp.
| Command | Result |
|---|---|
systemctl start rp |
Manually start the process |
systemctl stop rp |
Manually stop the process |
systemctl status rp |
Show process status |
systemctl disable rp |
Disable autostart, rp will not be started after reboot |
systemctl enable rp |
Enable autostart, rp will be started automatically after reboot |
Receive Process daemon will run under the user ofr (the user created in the post installation configuration). If this user doesn't have enough permissions to open a SDR through the USB port, you might get the following error when starting rp in the background:
obeca@NUC:~$ sudo systemctl status rp
rp[10368]: OBECA rp v1.1.0 starting up
< ... >
[WARNING @ host/libraries/libbladeRF/src/backend/usb/libusb.c:529] Found a bladeRF via VID/PID, but could not open it due to insufficient permissions.
[ERROR] bladerf_open_with_devinfo() returned -7 - No device(s) available
< ... >
Process: 10240 ExecStart=/usr/bin/rp (code=dumped, signal=ABRT)
To solve this issue simply change the user and group in the corresponding systemd service file (sudo vi /lib/systemd/system/rp.service)
from ofr
< ... >
[Service]
< ... >
User=ofr
Group=ofr
< ... >
to your Ubuntu user (which is obeca in this example).
< ... >
[Service]
< ... >
User=obeca
Group=obeca
< ... >
If autostart is disabled, the process can be started in terminal using rp (ideally with superuser privileges, to allow execution at real time scheduling priority). This will start the rp with default log level (info). Receive Process can be used with the following OPTIONs:
| Option | Description | |
|---|---|---|
-b |
--file-bandwidth=BANDWIDTH |
If decoding data from a sample file, specify the channel bandwidth of the recorded data in MHz here (e.g. 5) |
-c |
--config=FILE |
Configuration file (default: /etc/obeca.conf) |
-d |
--sdr_devices |
Prints a list of all available SDR devices |
-f |
--sample-file=FILE |
Sample file in 4 byte float interleaved format to read I/Q data from. If present, the data from this file will be decoded instead of live SDR data. The channel bandwidth must be specified with the --file-bandwidth flag, and the sample rate of the file must be suitable for this bandwidth. |
-l |
--log-level=LEVEL |
Log verbosity: 0 = trace, 1 = debug, 2 = info, 3 = warn, 4 = error, 5 = critical, 6 = none. Default: 2. |
-p |
--override_nof_prb |
Override the number of PRB received in the MIB |
-s |
--srslte-log-level=LEVEL |
Log verbosity for srslte: 0 = debug, 1 = info, 2 = warn, 3 = error, 4 = none, Default: 4. |
-w |
--write-sample-file=FILE |
Create a sample file in 4 byte float interleaved format containing the raw received I/Q data. |
-? |
--help |
Give this help list |
-V |
--version |
Print program version |
Click here for an example on what the console output should look like when running the Receive Process manually.
Before capturing or running a sample file, make sure that Receive Process isn't running in background. If it is, stop Receive Process with systemctl stop rp.
In order to capture sample files, you need to have a reception of a 5G BC signal.
Run the command rp -w "PathToSample/samplefile.raw" to capture the raw I/Q data from the SDR.
If you like to start Receive Process with a downloaded sample file (see sample files), you can run the following command:
rp -f "PathToSample/samplefile.raw" -b 10
Notice:
-b 10represents the used bandwith when the sample file was captured (see Manual start/stop). So for a 5 MHz bandwidth sample file you need to adjust the command to-b 5
Receive Process relies on GPSD (https://gpsd.gitlab.io/gpsd/) for GPS data aquisition.
Please follow the setup instruction for gpsd to configure it for your GPS receiver: https://gpsd.gitlab.io/gpsd/installation.html
Usually, this should boil down to:
sudo apt install libgps-dev gpsd- Checking which (virtual) serial port your GPS mouse uses, once you plug it in (e.g.
/dev/ttyACM0) - Setting this device in /etc/default/gpsd:
# Devices gpsd should collect to at boot time.
# They need to be read/writeable, either by user gpsd or the group dialout.
DEVICES="/dev/ttyACM0"
# Other options you want to pass to gpsd
GPSD_OPTIONS=""
- Adding gpsd to the dialout group:
sudo usermod -a -G dialout gpsd - Checking if everything works with one of the client applications, e.g.
cgps(can be installed withsudo apt install gpsd-clients). This should show position data.
Is in /etc/obeca.conf:
measurement_file:
{
enabled: true; # if false, measurments are not captured in file
file_path: "/tmp/rp_measurements.csv";
interval_secs: 5;
gpsd:
{
enabled: true; # if false, logging without GPS timestamp, latitude and longitude
host: "localhost";
port: "2947";
}
}
You can modify the location of the created file here, set the interval in which measurement lines are written to it, and enable/disable GPS.
The created file is in semicolo-separated CSV format.
The columns contain:
- system timestamp
- latitude
- longitude
- gps timestamp
- CINR
- PDSCH MCS
- PDSCH BLER
- PDSCH BER
- MCCH MCS
- MCCH BLER
- MCCH BER
- First MCH index
- First MCH MCS
- First MCH BLER
- First MCH BER
If there are more MCHs, they are appended at the end of the line:
'16. Second MCH Index
'17. Second MCH MCS
'18. Second MCH BLER
'19. Second MCH BER
....
2021-02-26T15:09:54;48.392428;16.104939;2021-02-26T15:09:54;22.847839;4;0.000000;0.000000;2;0.000000;-;0;9;0.000000;-;
2021-02-26T15:10:00;48.392428;16.104939;2021-02-26T15:10:00;27.173386;4;0.000000;0.000000;2;0.000000;-;0;9;0.000000;-;
2021-02-26T15:10:05;48.392428;16.104939;2021-02-26T15:10:05;26.828796;4;0.000000;0.000000;2;0.000000;-;0;9;0.000000;-;
2021-02-26T15:10:11;48.392428;16.104939;2021-02-26T15:10:11;23.722340;4;0.000000;0.000000;2;0.000000;-;0;9;0.000000;-;
2021-02-26T15:10:17;48.392428;16.104939;2021-02-26T15:10:17;24.914352;4;0.000000;0.000000;2;0.000000;-;0;9;0.000000;-;
2021-02-26T15:10:22;48.392428;16.104939;2021-02-26T15:10:22;26.893414;4;0.000000;0.000000;2;0.000000;-;0;9;0.000000;-;
2021-02-26T15:10:28;48.392428;16.104939;2021-02-26T15:10:28;22.102150;4;0.000000;0.000000;2;0.000000;-;0;9;0.000000;-;
2021-02-26T15:10:34;48.392428;16.104939;2021-02-26T15:10:34;22.894867;4;0.000000;0.000000;2;0.000000;-;0;9;0.000000;-;
System and Receive Process information are logged in the /var/log/syslog file.
The log entries in the syslog file are based on the configured log level (see chapter Manual start/stop). If rp is running in background, the used log level will be 2 (info) by default. You can change the used log level by starting rp manually and add the parameter -l [logNumber] (further details on log level can also be found in chapter Manual start/stop).
For a better overview you can open the syslog file with a filter to only see logging from Receive Process:
cat /var/log/syslog | grep "rp"
The config file for Receive Process is located in /etc/obeca.conf. The file contains configuration parameters for:
- SDR
- Physical (thread settings)
- RestAPI (see chapter RestAPI)
- Measurment file (see chapter Measurement recording (and GPS))
sdr:
{
center_frequency_hz = 667000000;
filter_bandwidth_hz = 10000000;
search_sample_rate = 7680000;
normalized_gain = 40.0; # Antenna gain in dB, range depends on used SDR
antenna = "RX";
device_args = "driver=bladerf";
ringbuffer_size_ms = 200;
reader_thread_priority_rt = 50; # I/Q data reception from the SDR runs in a separate thread, which should have highest priority
}
phy:
{
threads = 4;
thread_priority_rt = 10; # priority of the frame processing threads
main_thread_priority_rt = 20; # priority of the main run loop
}
restful_api:
{
uri: "https://0.0.0.0:3010/rp-api/";
cert: "/usr/share/obeca/cert.pem";
key: "/usr/share/obeca/key.pem";
api_key:
{
enabled: false;
key: "106cd60-76c8-4c37-944c-df21aa690c1e";
}
}
measurement_file:
{
enabled: true;
file_path: "/tmp/rp_measurements.csv";
interval_secs: 5;
gpsd:
{
enabled: true;
host: "localhost";
port: "2947";
}
}
RestAPI is supported to show and change configuration of the Receive Process. Also the OBECA.GUI process is accessing the API to collect display information.
The API is only accessible when Receive Process is running.
See API documentation for Receive Process.
By default, the startup scripts for rp create a self-signed SSL certificate for the RESTful API in /usr/share/obeca, so it can be accessed through https. When calling the API through a webbrowser, you may get a security warning (because of the self-signed certificate), the data stream however, is encrypted.
When using the self-signed certificate, you can for example access the API with the command
wget --no-check-certificate -cq https://127.0.0.1:3010/rp-api/status -O -.
The API listens on port 3010 on all available interface (0.0.0.0) by default. To change this, modify the URL string in the config file and restart Receive Process.
E.g., bind to only the loopback interface and listen on port 4455:
restful_api:
{
uri: "http://127.0.0.1:4455/rp-api/";
<....>
}
Attention: without a corresponding change in /usr/share/obeca/obeca-gui.py, this will break the GUI, which also relies on the REST API.
To disable the SSL handshake, change the URL string in the config file to "http://" and restart rp.
restful_api:
{
uri: "http://0.0.0.0:3010/rp-api/";
<....>
}
You can use a 'real' certificate (e.g. obtained through Let's Encrypt) by adjusting the certificate and key file locations in the config file.
restful_api:
{
<...>
cert: "/usr/share/obeca/cert.pem";
key: "/usr/share/obeca/key.pem";
<...>
}
restful_api:
{
<...>
api_key:
{
enabled: true;
key: "106cd60-76c8-4c37-944c-df21aa690c1e";
}
}
When api_key.enabled is set to true in the configuration file, requests are only allowed if they contain a matching bearer token in their Authorization header:
Authorization: Bearer 106cd60-76c8-4c37-944c-df21aa690c1e
You can test this by using curl (or wget) and setting the appropriate header:
curl -X GET --header 'Authorization: Bearer 106cd60-76c8-4c37-944c-df21aa690c1e' http://<IP>:<Port>/rp-api/status or
wget -q --header='Authorization: Bearer 106cd60-76c8-4c37-944c-df21aa690c1e' http://<IP>:<Port>/rp-api/status -O -