Сургууль Удирдлагын Систем – Backend

1. Төслийн танилцуулга

Энэхүү төсөл нь Java Spring Boot дээр суурилсан сургууль удирдлагын системийн backend бөгөөд PostgreSQL өгөгдлийн сантай ажиллана.

• Frontend: React/Next.js (API-р холбогдоно)
• Backend: Java 17+, Spring Boot, Flyway
• Өгөгдлийн сан: PostgreSQL, AWS RDS
• Хэрэгсэл: IntelliJ IDEA Ultimate, Maven

Ажиллуулах

• PostgreSQL server бэлэн байх(local or not)

• src/main/resources/application.yml-d db хаяг, auth тохируулах

• DB дээр "schooldb" гэсэн database үүсгэх(ажиллуулахад хүснэгтүүд, жишээ өгөгдөл автоматаар үүснэ)

• terminal дээр ажиллуулах команд: mvn spring-boot:run (maven суулгасан байх хэрэгтэй)

• Жишээ сурагчийн хуваарь харах endpoint(postman, etc):

• • auth: name = "admin" password = "admin123"
• • http://localhost:8080/api/schedules/student/2

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2. Фолдер бүтэц

src/main/java/com/edusys/backend/ дотор:

• model/ – JPA entity класс
• repository/ – JPA repository интерфэйсүүд
• service/ – Бизнес логик
• controller/ – REST API контроллерүүд
• bootstrap/ – Mock data initializer (DataLoader)
• Application.java – Spring Boot application entry point

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3. Өгөгдлийн сангийн схем

Гол хүснэгтүүд

• users – хэрэглэгчид (багш, оюутан, эцэг эх)
• classes – ангиуд
• subjects – хичээлүүд
• student_enrollment – оюутны бүртгэл
• teaching_assignments
• periods – хичээлийн цагууд
• schedules – ангийн хуваарь
• attendance – ирц
• homework – даалгавар
• homework_submissions – даалгаврын шалгалт
• parent_students – эцэг эх, оюутан холбоо
• grades – оноо
• announcements – мэдэгдэл

Бүх хүснэгтүүд foreign key болон CHECK constraint-тай.

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4. Java Entities (Model)

• JPA annotations: @Entity, @Table, @ManyToOne, @OneToMany
• ID: @Id @GeneratedValue
• Enum: @Enumerated(EnumType.STRING) + @JsonValue

Жишээ Entity: User, Class, Subject, TeachingAssignment, StudentEnrollment, Period, Schedule, Homework, HomeworkSubmission, Attendance, Grade, Announcement, ParentStudent

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5. Repository Layer

• Өгөгдлийн сантай харьцах interface
• CRUD үйлдэл JpaRepository-аар дамжуулна

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6. Service Layer

• Бизнес логик байрлана
• Repository-оос өгөгдөл татаж боловсруулна

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7. Controller Layer

• REST API endpoints-ийг тодорхойлно
• JSON-аар өгөгдөл буцаана

Жишээ endpoint:

• GET /api/homework → бүх даалгавар авах
• POST /api/homework → шинэ даалгавар үүсгэх

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8. Mock Data Seeder (DataLoader)

• Командны мөрөнд ажиллаж mock өгөгдөл үүсгэнэ
• Оюутан, багш, эцэг эх
• Ангийн мэдээлэл, хичээлийн хуваарь, даалгавар

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9. API-н үндсэн endpoints

Entity	GET (List)	POST (Create)
User	/api/users	/api/users
Class	/api/classes	/api/classes
Subject	/api/subjects	/api/subjects
StudentEnrollment	/api/student-enrollments	/api/student-enrollments
Period	/api/periods	/api/periods
Schedule	/api/schedules	/api/schedules
Attendance	/api/attendance	/api/attendance
ParentStudent	/api/parent-students	/api/parent-students
Grades	/api/grades	/api/grades
Announcement	/api/announcements	/api/announcements

Homework endpoints

Name	Method	Endpoint	Description	Example curl
Get all homework for current user	GET	/api/homework	Returns all homework for the authenticated user	curl -i -u student02:student123 http://localhost:8080/api/homework
Create homework (Teacher only)	POST	/api/homework	Create a new homework	curl -i -u teacher01:teacher123 -X POST http://localhost:8080/api/homework -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"teachingAssignmentId":1,"title":"ahisan web","description":"shar nom hii","dueDate":"2025-12-30","maxScore":100,"type":"homework","attachmentUrl":""}'
Get homework by ID	GET	/api/homework/{id}	Get homework details by ID	curl -i -u teacher01:teacher123 -X GET http://localhost:8080/api/homework/3
Get homework by teaching assignment	GET	/api/homework/teaching-assignment/{id}	List homework for a specific teaching assignment	curl -i -u teacher01:teacher123 -X GET http://localhost:8080/api/homework/teaching-assignment/2
Update homework by ID	PUT	/api/homework/{id}	Update homework details	curl -i -u teacher01:teacher123 -X PUT http://localhost:8080/api/homework/1 -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"teachingAssignmentId":2,"title":"Updated Homework Title","description":"Updated description","dueDate":"2025-12-31","maxScore":100,"type":"homework","attachmentUrl":null}'
Delete homework by ID	DELETE	/api/homework/{id}	Delete a homework	curl -i -u teacher01:teacher123 -X DELETE http://localhost:8080/api/homework/5
Get all homework for current student	GET	/api/homework/student	List all homework assigned to the current student	curl -i -u student02:student123 -X GET http://localhost:8080/api/homework/student
Submit homework	POST	/api/homework-submissions/homework/{homeworkId}	Submit a homework	curl -i -u student01:student123 -X POST http://localhost:8080/api/homework-submissions/homework/3 -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"submissionText":"My homework submission","attachmentUrl":null}'
Get my submission for a homework	GET	/api/homework-submissions/homework/{homeworkId}/me	Get current user's submission for a specific homework	curl -i -u student01:student123 -X GET http://localhost:8080/api/homework-submissions/homework/3/me
Get all submissions for a homework	GET	/api/homework-submissions/homework/{homeworkId}	List all submissions for a specific homework	curl -i -u teacher01:teacher123 -X GET http://localhost:8080/api/homework-submissions/homework/2
Get a submission by ID	GET	/api/homework-submissions/{submissionId}	Get details of a specific submission	curl -i -u teacher01:teacher123 -X GET http://localhost:8080/api/homework-submissions/4
Get all submissions of a specific student in a class	GET	/api/homework-submissions/class/{classId}/student/{studentId}	List submissions of a student in a class	curl -i -u teacher01:teacher123 -X GET http://localhost:8080/api/homework-submissions/class/2/student/3
Grade a single submission	PATCH	/api/homework-grading/submissions/{submissionId}	Grade a submission	curl -i -u teacher01:teacher123 -X PATCH http://localhost:8080/api/homework-grading/submissions/3 -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"score":85,"feedback":"Dutuu baina."}'
Update grade (alias)	PATCH	/api/homework-grading/submissions/{submissionId}/update	Update the grade for a submission	curl -i -u teacher01:teacher123 -X PATCH http://localhost:8080/api/homework-grading/submissions/3/update -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"score":90,"feedback":"Saijruulsan baina"}'
Bulk grading	PATCH	/api/homework-grading/homework/{homeworkId}/bulk	Grade multiple submissions at once	curl -i -u teacher01:teacher123 -X PATCH http://localhost:8080/api/homework-grading/homework/5/bulk -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '[{"submissionId":10,"score":80,"feedback":"Needs improvement"},{"submissionId":11,"score":95,"feedback":"Excellent"}]'

Admin, teacher class management

Name	Method	Endpoint	Description	Example curl
Assign teacher to subject (create teaching assignment)	POST	/api/teaching-assignments/assign	Admin assigns a teacher to a subject and class for a specific academic year and semester	curl -i -u admin:admin123 -X POST http://localhost:8080/api/teaching-assignments/assign -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"teacherId":5,"subjectId":1,"classId":1,"academicYear":"2025-2026","semester":1,"isActive":true}'
Update teaching assignment	PUT	/api/teaching-assignments/{id}	Admin updates an existing teaching assignment	curl -i -u admin:admin123 -X PUT http://localhost:8080/api/teaching-assignments/1 -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"teacherId":1,"subjectId":1,"classId":1,"academicYear":"2026-2027","semester":2,"isActive":true}'
Delete teaching assignment (soft delete)	DELETE	/api/teaching-assignments/{id}	Admin deactivates a teaching assignment (isActive = false)	curl -i -u admin:admin123 -X DELETE http://localhost:8080/api/teaching-assignments/6
Enroll student to class (Teacher)	POST	/api/student-enrollments/teacher/enroll	Teacher enrolls a student into a class	curl -i -u teacher01:teacher123 -X POST http://localhost:8080/api/student-enrollments/teacher/enroll -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"studentId":3,"classId":1,"student_number":"S004","status":"active"}'
Unenroll student from class (Teacher)	POST	/api/student-enrollments/teacher/unenroll	Teacher removes a student from a class	curl -i -u teacher01:teacher123 -X POST http://localhost:8080/api/student-enrollments/teacher/unenroll -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"studentId":3,"classId":1}'
Create class	POST	/api/classes	Teacher creates a new class	curl -i -u teacher01:teacher123 -X POST http://localhost:8080/api/classes -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"className":"12A","grade":10,"section":"A","roomNumber":"245","academicYear":"2025-2026"}'
Delete class (soft delete)	DELETE	/api/classes/{id}	Teacher deactivates a class (isActive = false)	curl -i -u teacher01:teacher123 -X DELETE http://localhost:8080/api/classes/3
Get classes taught by current teacher	GET	/api/classes/my-teaching	Lists all classes the authenticated teacher is teaching	curl -i -u teacher01:teacher123 http://localhost:8080/api/classes/my-teaching
Add assistant teacher to class	POST	/api/classes/{id}/assistants	Homeroom teacher assigns an assistant teacher to a class	curl -i -u teacher01:teacher123 -X POST http://localhost:8080/api/classes/1/assistants -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"teacherId":5}'
List assistant teachers	GET	/api/classes/{id}/assistants	Lists assistant teachers assigned to a class	curl -i -u teacher01:teacher123 http://localhost:8080/api/classes/1/assistants
Remove assistant teacher	DELETE	/api/classes/{id}/assistants/{assistantId}	Homeroom teacher removes an assistant teacher from a class	curl -i -u teacher01:teacher123 -X DELETE http://localhost:8080/api/classes/1/assistants/5

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10. Санамж

• Foreign key-ууд ON UPDATE CASCADE, ON DELETE CASCADE/SET NULL
• Enum-ууд lowercase, DB check constraint-тэй нийцүүлсэн
• DTO ашиглавал frontend-д илүү цэвэр JSON өгөгдөл дамжуулна