Support BETWEEN SYMMETRIC and explicit ASYMMETRIC

[BITree2004]

Closes #105955.

Summary

This PR adds parser support for PostgreSQL-style BETWEEN qualifiers:

• BETWEEN ASYMMETRIC as an explicit no-op qualifier for existing BETWEEN behavior.
• NOT BETWEEN ASYMMETRIC as an explicit no-op qualifier for existing NOT BETWEEN behavior.
• BETWEEN SYMMETRIC, which checks an inclusive range regardless of endpoint order.
• NOT BETWEEN SYMMETRIC, which checks values outside that unordered inclusive range.

Implementation

The symmetric form is lowered through ordinary comparison operators:

(a >= b AND a <= c) OR (a >= c AND a <= b)

and for NOT BETWEEN SYMMETRIC:

(a < b OR a > c) AND (a < c OR a > b)

This avoids rewriting through least() / greatest(), because in ClickHouse their NULL behavior depends on least_greatest_legacy_null_behavior.

The change also updates:

• the C++ expression parser;
• ANTLR grammar files;
• SQL playground keyword highlighting;
• SQL reference docs;
• stateless regression tests;
• formatting consistency coverage.

Compatibility note

SYMMETRIC and ASYMMETRIC are parsed as contextual range qualifiers immediately after BETWEEN or NOT BETWEEN.

If a column with one of these names is used as the lower bound in that position, it must be quoted:

SELECT x BETWEEN `symmetric` AND y FROM t;

Testing

Built and tested locally with Clang 21.1.6:

PATH=/home/bitree/repo/toolchains/LLVM-21.1.6-Linux-X64/bin:$PATH \
  ninja -C build-pr-clang21 -j6 clickhouse

The build completed successfully and linked build-pr-clang21/programs/clickhouse.

For the local build, Rust, HDFS, ISA-L, and embedded LLVM/JIT/DWARF/BLAKE3 were disabled because those optional components required missing local tools or were not needed for this parser/stateless validation.

Manually checked parser/runtime behavior:

build-pr-clang21/programs/clickhouse local -q \
  "SELECT 2 BETWEEN SYMMETRIC 3 AND 1, 2 NOT BETWEEN SYMMETRIC 3 AND 1, 2 BETWEEN ASYMMETRIC 3 AND 1"

Result:

1	0	0

Ran the relevant stateless tests against a local server started from the same binary:

tests/clickhouse-test -b build-pr-clang21/programs/clickhouse --no-zookeeper --no-shard --timeout 60 04278_between_symmetric
tests/clickhouse-test -b build-pr-clang21/programs/clickhouse --no-zookeeper --no-shard --timeout 60 03920_formatting_consistency

Both tests passed.

[CLAassistant]

All committers have signed the CLA.