Print more diagnostics in AST formatting check

[tavplubix]

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• Not for changelog (changelog entry is not required)

Changelog entry (a user-readable short description of the changes that goes into CHANGELOG.md):

Try to find the problimatic AST part so it will be easier to find similar failures in the CI

Documentation entry for user-facing changes

• Documentation is written (mandatory for new features)

[clickhouse-gh]

Workflow [PR], commit [b938516]

Summary: ❌

job_name	test_name	status	info	comment
Stateless tests (amd_binary, old analyzer, s3 storage, DatabaseReplicated, parallel)		failure
	01287_max_execution_speed	FAIL	cidb, issue
Stateless tests (amd_msan, parallel)		failure
	00411_long_accurate_number_comparison_int2	FAIL	cidb
	02992_all_columns_should_have_comment	FAIL	cidb
	00816_long_concurrent_alter_column	FAIL	cidb, issue
Integration tests (amd_asan, db disk, old analyzer, 3/6)		failure
	test_concurrent_ttl_merges/test.py::test_limited_ttl_merges_in_empty_pool_replicated	FAIL	cidb
	test_plain_rewritable_backward_compatibility/test.py::test_backward_compatibility[table_disk = 1, disk = 's3_plain_rewritable'-1]	FAIL	cidb
	test_plain_rewritable_backward_compatibility/test.py::test_backward_compatibility_readonly_tables	FAIL	cidb
	test_concurrent_ttl_merges/test.py::test_limited_ttl_merges_two_replicas	FAIL	cidb
Integration tests (amd_tsan, 1/6)		failure
	test_storage_nats/test_nats_jet_stream.py::test_nats_overloaded_insert	FAIL	cidb, issue
AST fuzzer (amd_debug)		failure
	Logical error: 'Bad cast from type DB::ColumnConst to DB::ColumnArray' (STID: 2508-11b5)	FAIL	cidb
BuzzHouse (amd_debug)		failure
	Logical error: 'Inconsistent AST formatting in Function_arrayElement: the query: (STID: 2508-11b5)	FAIL	cidb

[tavplubix]

BuzzHouse (amd_debug) - https://s3.amazonaws.com/clickhouse-test-reports/PRs/91519/b938516de856fa9e1c3a0ed5faafc5684935c650//buzzhouse_amd_debug/fatal.log

2025.12.04 18:04:11.423097 [ 633 ] {82c08239-a854-4d58-963e-638e574f40ed} <Fatal> executeQuery: Suspicious part of the AST: ExpressionList: SELECT -(-1.388846659701798e37 AS a0)[c0] FROM d3.t11 AS t0d0 RIGHT JOIN d2.t17 AS t1d0 ON NOT (t0d0.`c0.null` < t1d0.`c1.null`)
2025.12.04 18:04:11.423130 [ 633 ] {82c08239-a854-4d58-963e-638e574f40ed} <Fatal> executeQuery: Suspicious part of the AST: SelectQuery: SELECT -(-1.388846659701798e37 AS a0)[c0] FROM d3.t11 AS t0d0 RIGHT JOIN d2.t17 AS t1d0 ON NOT (t0d0.`c0.null` < t1d0.`c1.null`)
2025.12.04 18:04:11.423139 [ 633 ] {82c08239-a854-4d58-963e-638e574f40ed} <Fatal> executeQuery: Suspicious part of the AST: ExpressionList: -(-1.388846659701798e37 AS a0)[c0]
2025.12.04 18:04:11.423146 [ 633 ] {82c08239-a854-4d58-963e-638e574f40ed} <Fatal> executeQuery: Suspicious part of the AST: Function_arrayElement: -(-1.388846659701798e37 AS a0)[c0]
2025.12.04 18:04:11.423152 [ 633 ] {82c08239-a854-4d58-963e-638e574f40ed} <Fatal> executeQuery: Cannot find formatted child in the formatted query: -(-1.388846659701798e37 AS a0), c0
2025.12.04 18:04:11.423182 [ 633 ] {82c08239-a854-4d58-963e-638e574f40ed} <Fatal> : Logical error: 'Inconsistent AST formatting in Function_arrayElement: the query: