ConnectionMaster · pull · Jul 19, 2026 · Jul 19, 2026 · Jul 16, 2026 · Jul 19, 2026
diff --git a/.github/workflows/unit-tests.yml b/.github/workflows/unit-tests.yml
@@ -3,13 +3,17 @@ on:
   push:
     paths:
       - 'main/network.c'
+      - 'main/io/**'
+      - 'main/php_io.h'
       - 'tests/unit/**'
       - '.github/workflows/unit-tests.yml'
     branches:
       - master
   pull_request:
     paths:
       - 'main/network.c'
+      - 'main/io/**'
+      - 'main/php_io.h'
       - 'tests/unit/**'
       - '.github/workflows/unit-tests.yml'
     branches:

diff --git a/NEWS b/NEWS
@@ -35,6 +35,11 @@ PHP                                                                        NEWS
     TCP_USER_TIMEOUT, and SO_LINGER options. (Weilin Du)
   . Fixed various memory related issues in ext/sockets. (David Carlier)
 
+- Streams:
+  . Added a new IO copy API used by php_stream_copy_to_stream_ex() that
+    leverages platform primitives (sendfile, splice, copy_file_range,
+    TransmitFile) for faster stream copying. (Jakub Zelenka, David Carlier)
+
 16 Jul 2026, PHP 8.6.0alpha2
 
 - Core:

diff --git a/UPGRADING.INTERNALS b/UPGRADING.INTERNALS
@@ -14,13 +14,8 @@ PHP 8.6 INTERNALS UPGRADE NOTES
 1. Internal API changes
 ========================
 
-  . ZSTR_INIT_LITERAL(), zend_string_starts_with_literal(), and
-    zend_string_starts_with_literal_ci() now support strings containing NUL
-    bytes. Passing non-literal char* is no longer supported.
-  . Added zend_string_equals_cstr_ci().
+- Removed:
   . The misnamed ZVAL_IS_NULL() has been removed. Use Z_ISNULL() instead.
-  . New zend_class_entry.ce_flags2 and zend_function.fn_flags2 fields were
-    added, given the primary flags were running out of bits.
   . The zval_is_true() alias of zend_is_true() has been removed. Call
     zend_is_true() directly instead.
   . The _zval_get_*() compatibility macros for PHP 7.2 have been removed
@@ -42,45 +37,13 @@ PHP 8.6 INTERNALS UPGRADE NOTES
     needs to be obtained use the zend_get_callable_zval_from_fcc() function
     instead. If this was used to store a callable, then an FCC should be
     stored instead.
-  . The zend_active_function{_ex}() functions now return a const zend_function
-    pointer.
-  . The zend_get_call_trampoline_func() API now takes the __call or
-    __callStatic zend_function* instead of a CE and a boolean argument.
+  . The zend_exception_save() and zend_exception_restore() functions were
+    removed.
   . The zend_set_hash_symbol() API has been removed.
-  . Added zend_hash_str_lookup().
   . The WRONG_PARAM_COUNT and ZEND_WRONG_PARAM_COUNT() macros have been
     removed. Call zend_wrong_param_count(); followed by RETURN_THROWS();
     instead.
   . PHP_HAVE_STREAMS macro removed from <php.h>.
-  . zend_function.arg_info is now always a zend_arg_info*. Before, it was a
-    zend_internal_arg_info on internal functions, unless the
-    ZEND_ACC_USER_ARG_INFO flag was set.
-  . Added zend_ast_call_get_args() to fetch the argument node from any call
-    node.
-  . The zend_exception_save() and zend_exception_restore() functions were
-    removed.
-  . Internal functions that return by reference are now expected to
-    automatically unwrap references when the result of the call is stored in an
-    IS_TMP_VAR variable. This may be achieved by calling the
-    zend_return_unwrap_ref() function.
-  . The php_math_round_mode_from_enum() function now takes a
-    zend_enum_RoundingMode parameter.
-  . Added Z_PARAM_ENUM().
-  . Added zend_enum_fetch_case_id().
-  . Added zend_enum_get_case_by_id().
-  . Added zend_bin2hex() and zend_bin2hex_str() as helper functions to remove
-    dependencies on /ext/hash in various extensions.
-  . ZEND_INI_GET_ADDR() is now a void* pointer instead of a char* pointer. This
-    more correctly represents the generic nature of the returned pointer and
-    allows to remove explicit casts, but possibly breaks pointer arithmetic
-    performed on the result.
-  . The zend_dval_to_lval_cap() function no longer takes a second
-    zend_string* parameter.
-  . EG(in_autoload) was renamed to EG(autoload_current_classnames) and no
-    longer is a pointer, but a directly embedded HashTable struct.
-  . Added a C23_ENUM() helper macro to define forward-compatible fixed-size
-    enums.
-  . Extended php_stream_filter_ops with seek method.
   . The INI_STR(), INI_INT(), INI_FLT(), and INI_BOOL() macros have been
     removed. Instead new zend_ini_{bool|long|double|str|string}_literal()
     macros have been added. This fixes an internal naming inconsistency as
@@ -90,13 +53,8 @@ PHP 8.6 INTERNALS UPGRADE NOTES
     unused. If this behaviour is required fall back to the zend_ini_*
     functions.
   . The unused ZEND_AST_PARENT_PROPERTY_HOOK_CALL has been removed.
-  . ZEND_AST_METHOD_REFERENCE has been renamed to
-    ZEND_AST_TRAIT_METHOD_REFERENCE.
   . The EMPTY_SWITCH_DEFAULT_CASE() macro has been removed. Use
     default: ZEND_UNREACHABLE(); instead.
-  . Functions using zend_forbid_dynamic_call() *must* be flagged with
-    ZEND_ACC2_FORBID_DYN_CALLS (@forbid-dynamic-calls in stubs). In debug
-    builds, failing to include that flag will lead to assertion failures.
   . The ZEND_RESULT_CODE type has been removed. Use zend_result directly.
   . The zend_parse_parameters_none_throw(), zend_parse_parameters_throw(),
     and ZEND_PARSE_PARAMS_THROW have been removed due to being misleading,
@@ -115,16 +73,63 @@ PHP 8.6 INTERNALS UPGRADE NOTES
     have been removed, because they are unsafe by relying on the zvals
     having a specific type. Use zend_binary_strcmp() / zend_binary_strncmp(),
     string_compare_function() or similar instead.
-  . Added zend_fcall_info.consumed_args together with
-    zend_fci_consumed_arg(), which allows moving a selected callback argument
-    instead of copying it in zend_call_function(). Currently only a single
-    consumed argument is supported.
-  . Added ZEND_CONTAINER_OF().
   . The OPENBASEDIR_CHECKPATH() compatibility macro has been removed, instead
     use php_check_open_basedir() directly.
   . The Z_CONSTANT(), Z_CONSTANT_P(), Z_OPT_CONSTANT(), and
     Z_OPT_CONSTANT_P() macros have been removed. Check for IS_CONSTANT_AST
     directly.
+  . The {_}php_stream_fopen_with_path() functions have been removed as they are
+    unused.
+
+- Changed:
+  . Internal functions that return by reference are now expected to
+    automatically unwrap references when the result of the call is stored in an
+    IS_TMP_VAR variable. This may be achieved by calling the
+    zend_return_unwrap_ref() function.
+  . ZEND_AST_METHOD_REFERENCE has been renamed to
+    ZEND_AST_TRAIT_METHOD_REFERENCE.
+  . Functions using zend_forbid_dynamic_call() *must* be flagged with
+    ZEND_ACC2_FORBID_DYN_CALLS (@forbid-dynamic-calls in stubs). In debug
+    builds, failing to include that flag will lead to assertion failures.
+  . The zend_get_call_trampoline_func() API now takes the __call or
+    __callStatic zend_function* instead of a CE and a boolean argument.
+  . ZSTR_INIT_LITERAL(), zend_string_starts_with_literal(), and
+    zend_string_starts_with_literal_ci() now support strings containing NUL
+    bytes. Passing non-literal char* is no longer supported.
+  . Added zend_string_equals_cstr_ci().
+  . The zend_active_function{_ex}() functions now return a const zend_function
+    pointer.
+  . zend_function.arg_info is now always a zend_arg_info*. Before, it was a
+    zend_internal_arg_info on internal functions, unless the
+    ZEND_ACC_USER_ARG_INFO flag was set.
+  . ZEND_INI_GET_ADDR() is now a void* pointer instead of a char* pointer. This
+    more correctly represents the generic nature of the returned pointer and
+    allows to remove explicit casts, but possibly breaks pointer arithmetic
+    performed on the result.
+  . The zend_dval_to_lval_cap() function no longer takes a second
+    zend_string* parameter.
+  . EG(in_autoload) was renamed to EG(autoload_current_classnames) and no
+    longer is a pointer, but a directly embedded HashTable struct.
+  . Extended php_stream_filter_ops with seek method.
+
+- Added:
+  . New zend_class_entry.ce_flags2 and zend_function.fn_flags2 fields were
+    added, given the primary flags were running out of bits.
+  . Added zend_hash_str_lookup().
+  . Added zend_ast_call_get_args() to fetch the argument node from any call
+    node.
+  . Added Z_PARAM_ENUM().
+  . Added zend_enum_fetch_case_id().
+  . Added zend_enum_get_case_by_id().
+  . Added zend_bin2hex() and zend_bin2hex_str() as helper functions to remove
+    dependencies on /ext/hash in various extensions.
+  . Added a C23_ENUM() helper macro to define forward-compatible fixed-size
+    enums.
+  . Added zend_fcall_info.consumed_args together with
+    zend_fci_consumed_arg(), which allows moving a selected callback argument
+    instead of copying it in zend_call_function(). Currently only a single
+    consumed argument is supported.
+  . Added ZEND_CONTAINER_OF().
   . Added zend_reflection_property_set_raw_value_without_lazy_initialization(),
     zend_reflection_property_set_raw_value() to expose the functionality of
     ReflectionProperty::setRawValueWithoutLazyInitialization() and
@@ -136,6 +141,10 @@ PHP 8.6 INTERNALS UPGRADE NOTES
   . Added zend_compile_ast().
   . Added zend_check_type_ex().
   . Added zend_create_partial_closure().
+  . Added a new IO copy API in <php_io.h>. php_io_copy() copies bytes between
+    file descriptors using the most efficient platform primitive available
+    (sendfile, splice, copy_file_range, TransmitFile), and is now used by
+    php_stream_copy_to_stream_ex(). The mmap-based copy fallback was removed.
 
 ========================
 2. Build system changes
@@ -219,6 +228,8 @@ PHP 8.6 INTERNALS UPGRADE NOTES
   . _php_error_log() now accepts zend_string* values instead of char*.
   . _php_error_log_ex() has been removed.
   . php_mail()'s extra_cmd parameter is now a zend_string*.
+  . The php_math_round_mode_from_enum() function now takes a
+    zend_enum_RoundingMode parameter.
 
 - ext/uri:
   . The value parameter of the php_uri_property_handler_write callback is now

diff --git a/Zend/tests/backtrace/debug_backtrace_with_include_and_this.phpt b/Zend/tests/backtrace/debug_backtrace_with_include_and_this.phpt
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ try {
 }
 ?>
 --EXPECTF--
-ERR#2: include(class://non.existent.Class): Failed to open stream: "CLWrapper::stream_open" call failed @ include
+ERR#2: include(): Failed to open stream: "CLWrapper::stream_open" call failed @ include
 ERR#2: include(): Failed opening 'class://non.existent.Class' for inclusion (include_path='%s') @ include
 
 Fatal error: Uncaught Exception: Failed loading class://non.existent.Class in %s

diff --git a/Zend/tests/bug30998.phpt b/Zend/tests/bug30998.phpt
@@ -14,6 +14,6 @@ set_error_handler('my_error');
 $f = fopen("/tmp/blah", "r");
 ?>
 --EXPECTF--
-fopen(/tmp/blah): Failed to open stream: %s (2) in %s:%d
+fopen(): Failed to open stream: %s (2) in %s:%d
 
-Warning: fopen(/tmp/blah): Failed to open stream: %s in %s on line %d
+Warning: fopen(): Failed to open stream: %s in %s on line %d
diff --git a/Zend/tests/bug60909_1.phpt b/Zend/tests/bug60909_1.phpt
@@ -11,10 +11,10 @@ set_error_handler(function($errno, $errstr, $errfile, $errline){
 require 'notfound.php';
 ?>
 --EXPECTF--
-error(require(notfound.php): Failed to open stream: %s)
+error(require(): Failed to open stream: %s)
 Fatal error: Uncaught Exception: Foo in %sbug60909_1.php:5
 Stack trace:
-#0 %s(%d): {closure:%s:%d}(2, 'require(notfoun...', '%s', 8)
+#0 %s(%d): {closure:%s:%d}(2, 'require(): Fail...', '%s', 8)
 #1 %sbug60909_1.php(8): require()
 #2 {main}
   thrown in %sbug60909_1.php on line 5

diff --git a/Zend/tests/gh11735_2.phpt b/Zend/tests/gh11735_2.phpt
@@ -13,5 +13,5 @@ stream_wrapper_register('foo', 'FooWrapper');
 var_dump(fopen('foo://bar', 'r'));
 ?>
 --EXPECTF--
-Warning: fopen(foo://bar): Failed to open stream: "FooWrapper::stream_open" call failed in %s on line %d
+Warning: fopen(): Failed to open stream: "FooWrapper::stream_open" call failed in %s on line %d
 bool(false)
diff --git a/Zend/tests/include_stat_is_quiet.phpt b/Zend/tests/include_stat_is_quiet.phpt
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ try {
 
 ?>
 --EXPECTF--
-Warning: require_once(doesnt_exist.php): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in %s on line %d
+Warning: require_once(): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in %s on line %d
 
 Fatal error: Uncaught Error: Failed opening required 'doesnt_exist.php' (include_path='test://foo:test://bar') in %s:%d
 Stack trace:

diff --git a/Zend/tests/oss_fuzz_64209.phpt b/Zend/tests/oss_fuzz_64209.phpt
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ oss-fuzz #64209: Fix in-place modification of filename in php_message_handler_fo
 require '://@';
 ?>
 --EXPECTF--
-Warning: require(://@): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in %s on line %d
+Warning: require(): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in %s on line %d
 
 Fatal error: Uncaught Error: Failed opening required '://@' (include_path='%s') in %s:%d
 Stack trace:

diff --git a/Zend/tests/require_once_warning_to_exception.phpt b/Zend/tests/require_once_warning_to_exception.phpt
@@ -16,4 +16,4 @@ try {
 
 ?>
 --EXPECT--
-require_once(does-not-exist.php): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory
+require_once(): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory
diff --git a/Zend/zend_object_handlers.c b/Zend/zend_object_handlers.c
@@ -2178,10 +2178,9 @@ ZEND_API zval *zend_std_get_static_property(zend_class_entry *ce, zend_string *p
 	return zend_std_get_static_property_with_info(ce, property_name, type, &prop_info);
 }
 
-ZEND_API ZEND_COLD bool zend_std_unset_static_property(const zend_class_entry *ce, const zend_string *property_name) /* {{{ */
+ZEND_API ZEND_COLD void zend_std_unset_static_property(const zend_class_entry *ce, const zend_string *property_name) /* {{{ */
 {
 	zend_throw_error(NULL, "Attempt to unset static property %s::$%s", ZSTR_VAL(ce->name), ZSTR_VAL(property_name));
-	return 0;
 }
 /* }}} */
 

diff --git a/Zend/zend_object_handlers.h b/Zend/zend_object_handlers.h
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ ZEND_API void zend_class_init_statics(zend_class_entry *ce);
 ZEND_API zend_function *zend_std_get_static_method(const zend_class_entry *ce, zend_string *function_name_strval, const zval *key);
 ZEND_API zval *zend_std_get_static_property_with_info(zend_class_entry *ce, zend_string *property_name, int type, struct _zend_property_info **prop_info);
 ZEND_API zval *zend_std_get_static_property(zend_class_entry *ce, zend_string *property_name, int type);
-ZEND_API ZEND_COLD bool zend_std_unset_static_property(const zend_class_entry *ce, const zend_string *property_name);
+ZEND_API ZEND_COLD void zend_std_unset_static_property(const zend_class_entry *ce, const zend_string *property_name);
 ZEND_API zend_function *zend_std_get_constructor(zend_object *object);
 ZEND_API struct _zend_property_info *zend_get_property_info(const zend_class_entry *ce, zend_string *member, int silent);
 ZEND_API HashTable *zend_std_get_properties(zend_object *object);

diff --git a/configure.ac b/configure.ac
@@ -369,6 +369,9 @@ AC_SEARCH_LIBS([Pgrab], [proc])
 dnl Haiku does not have network api in libc.
 AC_SEARCH_LIBS([setsockopt], [network])
 
+dnl Solaris/illumos provide sendfile() in libsendfile; libc on Linux/FreeBSD.
+AC_SEARCH_LIBS([sendfile], [sendfile])
+
 dnl Check for openpty. It may require linking against libutil or libbsd.
 AC_CHECK_FUNCS([openpty],,
   [AC_SEARCH_LIBS([openpty], [util bsd], [AC_DEFINE([HAVE_OPENPTY], [1])])])
@@ -588,10 +591,12 @@ AC_CHECK_FUNCS(m4_normalize([
   putenv
   reallocarray
   scandir
+  sendfile
   setenv
   setitimer
   shutdown
   sigprocmask
+  splice
   statfs
   statvfs
   std_syslog
@@ -1685,6 +1690,15 @@ PHP_ADD_SOURCES_X([main],
   [PHP_FASTCGI_OBJS],
   [no])
 
+PHP_ADD_SOURCES([main/io], m4_normalize([
+    php_io.c
+    php_io_copy_linux.c
+    php_io_copy_freebsd.c
+    php_io_copy_solaris.c
+    php_io_copy_macos.c
+  ]),
+  [-DZEND_ENABLE_STATIC_TSRMLS_CACHE=1])
+
 PHP_ADD_SOURCES([main/poll], m4_normalize([
     poll_backend_epoll.c
     poll_backend_eventport.c

diff --git a/ext/bz2/tests/001.phpt b/ext/bz2/tests/001.phpt
@@ -48,6 +48,6 @@ bzopen(): Argument #2 ($mode) must be either "r" or "w"
 bzopen(): Argument #2 ($mode) must be either "r" or "w"
 bzopen(): Argument #2 ($mode) must be either "r" or "w"
 
-Warning: bzopen(no_such_file): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in %s on line %d
+Warning: bzopen(): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in %s on line %d
 bool(false)
 resource(%d) of type (stream)
diff --git a/ext/bz2/tests/002.phpt b/ext/bz2/tests/002.phpt
@@ -90,10 +90,10 @@ bool(false)
 resource(%d) of type (stream)
 resource(%d) of type (stream)
 
-Warning: fopen(bz_open_002.txt): Failed to open stream: `br' is not a valid mode for fopen in %s on line %d
+Warning: fopen(): Failed to open stream: `br' is not a valid mode for fopen in %s on line %d
 bzopen(): Argument #1 ($file) must be of type string or file-resource, false given
 
-Warning: fopen(bz_open_002.txt): Failed to open stream: `br' is not a valid mode for fopen in %s on line %d
+Warning: fopen(): Failed to open stream: `br' is not a valid mode for fopen in %s on line %d
 bzopen(): Argument #1 ($file) must be of type string or file-resource, false given
 
 Warning: bzopen(): cannot write to a stream opened in read only mode in %s on line %d

diff --git a/ext/dba/tests/dba_cdb_creation_matrix.phpt b/ext/dba/tests/dba_cdb_creation_matrix.phpt
@@ -25,35 +25,35 @@ clean_creation_tests($handler);
 === OPENING NON-EXISTING FILE ===
 Mode parameter is "rl":
 
-Warning: dba_open(cdb_not_existing.db): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in %s on line %d
+Warning: dba_open(): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in %s on line %d
 Opening DB failed
 Mode parameter is "rd":
 
-Warning: dba_open(cdb_not_existing.db): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in %s on line %d
+Warning: dba_open(): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in %s on line %d
 Opening DB failed
 Mode parameter is "r-":
 
-Warning: dba_open(cdb_not_existing.db): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in %s on line %d
+Warning: dba_open(): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in %s on line %d
 Opening DB failed
 Mode parameter is "r":
 
-Warning: dba_open(cdb_not_existing.db): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in %s on line %d
+Warning: dba_open(): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in %s on line %d
 Opening DB failed
 Mode parameter is "wl":
 
-Warning: dba_open(cdb_not_existing.db): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in %s on line %d
+Warning: dba_open(): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in %s on line %d
 Opening DB failed
 Mode parameter is "wd":
 
-Warning: dba_open(cdb_not_existing.db): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in %s on line %d
+Warning: dba_open(): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in %s on line %d
 Opening DB failed
 Mode parameter is "w-":
 
-Warning: dba_open(cdb_not_existing.db): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in %s on line %d
+Warning: dba_open(): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in %s on line %d
 Opening DB failed
 Mode parameter is "w":
 
-Warning: dba_open(cdb_not_existing.db): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in %s on line %d
+Warning: dba_open(): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory in %s on line %d
 Opening DB failed
 Mode parameter is "cl":