Protocol-Independent Governance, Three Enforcement Planes, and Agent-Ready Distribution
Cyber Strategy Institute | August 2026
AI SAFE² v3.1 is the release where protocol governance stops depending on protocol-owned state.
The trigger was MCP 2026-07-28. MCP moved to a stateless core and removed constructs that earlier AI SAFE² MCP controls had used as governance anchors. The result exposed a framework design defect: if a protocol owns the thing a control binds to, the protocol can remove that thing.
v3.1 fixes the defect at the architecture level, extends enforcement across the agent-to-tool plane, adds six MCP controls, formalizes a common persistence vocabulary, strengthens NEXUS compatibility behavior, expands scanner coverage, upgrades the Challenge Lab, standardizes the entire repository experience, and adds a deterministic machine entry point so agents and compliance bots can consume the framework without scraping prose.
The normative rule is now:
A CP.5 profile MUST NOT bind a control to a construct owned by the protocol it profiles.
AI SAFE² v3.1 binds governance to framework-owned constructs: verified principals, capability grants, provenance baselines, delegation chains, governed state handles, policy decisions, and evidence.
Fast Action
| If you want to... | Go here |
|---|---|
| Understand v3.1 in 5 minutes | v3.1 Release Overview |
| Start from the framework | AI SAFE² v3.1 README |
| Implement MCP controls | CP.5.MCP Security Profile |
| Use the machine-readable MCP profile | MCP Profile JSON |
| Use the 161-control core dataset | Core Control JSON |
| Integrate from an AI agent or bot | AGENTS.md and ai-safe2.manifest.json |
| Assess code or deployments | Scanner |
| Secure MCP implementations | MCP Security Toolkit |
| Use CSI's reference implementation | NEXUS |
| Review maturity and threat mapping | AISM |
| See governed implementation patterns | Examples |
| Read the evidence base | Research |
| Challenge or falsify the framework | Challenge Lab |
| Explore controls interactively | AI SAFE² Dashboard |
| Review repository UX rules | Repository UX Standard |
| See the release history | GitHub Releases |
What changed
1. MCP governance was re-anchored
MCP 2026-07-28 removed the protocol assumptions that exposed the flaw in our earlier CP.5.MCP design. Five existing controls were re-anchored from session concepts to verified principals and framework-owned state.
The MCP profile now contains 19 controls, MCP-1 through MCP-19. The AI SAFE² framework total remains 161 controls.
| Change | v3.1 result |
|---|---|
| Re-anchored controls | MCP-4, MCP-7, MCP-8, MCP-11, MCP-13 bind to framework-owned governance state rather than protocol session state |
| MCP-14 | Extension Capability Negotiation |
| MCP-15 | Header and Body Assertion Integrity |
| MCP-16 | State Handle Binding and Lifecycle |
| MCP-17 | MRTR Round-Trip Integrity and Replay Resistance |
| MCP-18 | Catalog Cache Integrity and Provenance Revalidation |
| MCP-19 | Authorization Chain Integrity, intended-resource/audience binding, and SSRF boundaries |
| Primary binding | MCP 2026-07-28 |
| Legacy compatibility | MCP 2025-11-25 for a twelve-month migration window |
server/discover is optional under the primary MCP binding. AI SAFE² does not require it and the scanner does not treat its absence as a failure.
Mcp-Session-Id, where encountered in the legacy binding, is a principal-scoped state handle. It is not identity and is not the authorization boundary.
2. Three enforcement planes are now explicit
AI SAFE² v3.1 treats agentic governance as a three-plane problem:
| Plane | Traffic | Primary governance problem |
|---|---|---|
| North-south | Agent to model provider | Content, policy, spend, provider access |
| East-west | Agent to agent | Identity, delegation, lineage, authority |
| Agent-to-tool | Agent to MCP server or tool | Tool authorization, provenance, catalog trust, returned-content risk |
A successful control or challenge result on one plane does not automatically establish coverage on another.
3. Persistence vocabulary is protocol-independent
New evidence and integrations use:
requesthandle_scopeddurableswarm_shared
Legacy NEXUS values remain accepted as compatibility aliases:
SESSION->requestCROSS_SESSION->handle_scopedPERMANENT->durable
This removes protocol session language from the governance boundary while preserving migration compatibility.
4. NEXUS is clearly positioned as the CSI reference implementation
AI SAFE² is the governance and requirements standard. NEXUS is CSI's first-party reference implementation.
Organizations may use NEXUS or another implementation that demonstrably satisfies the applicable AI SAFE² controls and evidence requirements.
NEXUS remains v0.3 under the AI SAFE² v3.1 framework release. Gateway remains v3.0 until a separately tested Gateway component release changes it.
The NEXUS MCP adapter is fail-closed scaffolding. Status: not production-ready. Unimplemented enforcement methods raise rather than silently allowing traffic.
5. Scanner coverage expanded
The v3.1 registry contains 64 scanner rules:
- 52 pre-existing scanner rules
- 12 new grouped CP.5.MCP v3.1 rules
MCP-19 findings remain advisory where static analysis cannot prove deployment-specific intended-resource or audience binding.
6. MCP-19 now has an explicit conformance boundary
Opaque bearer-token possession does not prove audience or intended-resource validation.
A deployment must not claim MCP-19 audience/resource conformance unless it can evidence intended-resource, audience, or equivalent binding before protected dispatch.
This is intentionally stricter than "the token was accepted."
7. Challenge Lab is now scoped by enforcement plane
Challenge 001 and the broader Challenge Lab now separate:
- challenge maturity;
- framework/profile conformance;
- the enforcement plane actually exercised;
- evidence required to support a claim.
The v3.1 MCP cases include header/body desynchronization, catalog/schema drift, replay, audience/resource confusion, endpoint impersonation, SSRF, and legacy state-handle misuse.
8. The repository now has one human experience
The v3.1 consistency sweep standardizes the root framework, Pillar 1 through 5, Cross-Pillar Governance, AISM, NEXUS, Scanner, Gateway, Skills, MCP, Dashboard, Examples, Research, Challenge Lab, and UAS surfaces.
Repository color semantics are explicit:
CSI Orange
#F6921Efor current release/version contextCSI Maroon
#820F1Afor framework/module identityGray
#808080for neutral/status context- red/amber/yellow remain reserved for risk and severity
- green remains reserved for verified/pass states
All 18 direct example README surfaces and all 24 numbered research notes now use the common v3.1 navigation and context shell while preserving legitimate historical provenance.
9. Agents and bots now have a first-class entry point
AI SAFE² v3.1 no longer requires an automated consumer to infer the repository structure from prose.
Start with:
The manifest exposes framework version, component versions, normative paths, control counts, enforcement planes, persistence vocabulary, conformance boundaries, implementation status, and machine-readable datasets.
A dedicated Agent Discovery and Manifest Integrity CI gate verifies those claims against the repository.
What did not change
v3.1 is not a renumbering exercise.
- The 161-control core remains unchanged.
- CP.1 through CP.10 remain the Cross-Pillar Governance layer.
- CP.11 UAS remains a compliance overlay rather than 27 new core controls.
- Historical v3.0 references remain where they accurately describe when a capability, research result, example, or component was introduced.
- NEXUS remains v0.3.
- Gateway remains v3.0.
The stable core dataset retains the filename ai-safe2-controls-v3.0.json because that dataset represents the unchanged 161-control taxonomy introduced in v3.0. The v3.1 MCP changes are maintained as a separate profile overlay.
Release validation
The v3.1 release candidate is exercised by dedicated repository gates covering:
- repository UX and navigation consistency;
- examples and research index integrity;
- agent discovery and manifest integrity;
- scanner v3.1 invariants;
- NEXUS persistence compatibility;
- MCP profile/dashboard parity and 161/19 control-count invariants;
- NEXUS tests on Python 3.10, 3.11, and 3.12;
- release-critical Python correctness;
- NEXUS schema validation;
- NEXUS reference-example smoke tests;
- NEXUS v0.3 implementation/compliance checks;
- documentation validation;
- AI SAFE² Skill Trust Gate validation.
The release is designed to fail on incorrect claims and broken paths, not only on syntax.
Read next
Framework and governance
- AI SAFE² v3.1 Framework
- Cross-Pillar Governance
- CP.5.MCP Security Profile
- AISM
- AISM Agent Threat and Control Matrix
- v3.1 Release Overview
Implementation
Evidence and validation
- Research Index
- Research 023: MCP Server Security Profile
- Research 024: MCP Consumer Protection
- Challenge Lab
- Challenge 001
Machine consumption
External
- AI SAFE²
- NEXUS
- Implementation Toolkit
- MCP 2026-07-28 Specification
- MCP 2026-07-28 Release Announcement
- MCP Security Best Practices
The operating principle
Policy defines intent. Engineering must enforce reality.
If governance is not enforced at runtime, it is not governance.
AI SAFE² v3.1 makes that contract more durable by making the governance boundary ours, not the protocol's.
Framework content CC-BY-SA 4.0. Code MIT. NEXUS Apache 2.0.
Cyber Strategy Institute