Bump cURL to 8.16.0

[Kyle-Neale]

What does this PR do?

Bump version of cURL to 8.16.0 to address CVEs

Motivation

Review checklist (to be filled by reviewers)

• Feature or bugfix MUST have appropriate tests (unit, integration, e2e)
• Add the qa/skip-qa label if the PR doesn't need to be tested during QA.
• If you need to backport this PR to another branch, you can add the backport/<branch-name> label to the PR and it will automatically open a backport PR once this one is merged

[github-actions]

⚠️ Recommendation: Add qa/skip-qa Label

This PR does not modify any files shipped with the agent.

To help streamline the release process, please consider adding the qa/skip-qa label if these changes do not require QA testing.

[AAraKKe]

Thanks!

My Feedback Legend

Here's a quick guide to the prefixes I use in my comments:

question: I need clarification or I'm seeking to understand your approach.
suggestion: I'm proposing an improvement. This is optional but recommended.
nit: A minor, non-blocking issue (e.g., style, typo). Feel free to ignore.
request: A change I believe is necessary before this can be merged.

[AAraKKe]

question: do we normally do it like this? I.e. getting a commit even before this has been formalized to a release? I guess it is ok but using a release instead would help to remove any bugs that need to be fixed before the release.

Not very important, just curious.

[Kyle-Neale]

Yea we do! It's a race between us patching CVE's and waiting for vcpkg to make an official release. I agree that using a release instead would be preferable but in the case a release isn't cut and a patch needs to go out this is what we're left with.

[datadog-agent-integrations-bot]

The backport to 7.71.x failed:

The process '/usr/bin/git' failed with exit code 1

To backport manually, run these commands in your terminal:

# Fetch latest updates from GitHub
git fetch
# Create a new working tree
git worktree add .worktrees/backport-7.71.x 7.71.x
# Navigate to the new working tree
cd .worktrees/backport-7.71.x
# Create a new branch
git switch --create backport-21369-to-7.71.x
# Cherry-pick the merged commit of this pull request and resolve the conflicts
git cherry-pick -x --mainline 1 4566e78077e71e1e757d460df4abece2de2e8983
# Push it to GitHub
git push --set-upstream origin backport-21369-to-7.71.x
# Go back to the original working tree
cd ../..
# Delete the working tree
git worktree remove .worktrees/backport-7.71.x

Then, create a pull request where the base branch is 7.71.x and the compare/head branch is backport-21369-to-7.71.x.