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🤖 Awesome VLA & WAM

📜 A Curated List of Vision-Language-Action (VLA) and World Action Models (WAM) Research and Beyond

Awesome VLA & WAM

Photo Credit: Gemini-Nano-Banana🍌.

Overview

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) Models

World Action Models (WAM)

Policies

Latent Action Models (LAM)

Human Action Pretraining (HAP)

Code as Policy (CaP)

Resources

Aim

This repository provides a curated and systematically organized collection of research on Vision-Language-Action models (VLAs), World Action Models (WAMs), and related approaches. It aims to offer a comprehensive view of recent advances toward robotics foundation models and to clarify the connections among different research directions.

The repository will be continuously updated and refined as the field evolves. Contributions are highly welcome! If you know of relevant papers that should be included, please submit a pull request or open an issue. Join us in maintaining a high-quality VLA, WAM & More research list and advancing the development of robotics foundation models.

VLA Definition

Vision-Language-Action models (VLAs) are robot policies built upon pretrained Vision-Language Models (VLMs). By inheriting their rich visual understanding, language grounding, and semantic knowledge, VLAs provide a scalable path toward general-purpose, language-conditioned robot policies. The term Vision-Language-Action model was introduced and formally established by RT-2.

  • [⭐️] RT-2, RT-2: Vision-Language-Action Models Transfer Web Knowledge to Robotic Control. arXiv Website

WAM Definition

World Action Models (WAMs) are robot policies that explicitly leverage world modeling—i.e., predicting future states or representations of the environment—to support or jointly perform action prediction. The term World Action Model was formally coined by DreamZero.

  • [⭐️] DreamZero, World Action Models are Zero-shot Policies. arXiv Website

VLAs and WAMs are not mutually exclusive. A WAM built upon a pretrained VLM can simultaneously be considered both a VLA and a WAM.

Policy Definition

In its broadest sense, a robot policy refers to any model that predicts actions, including VLAs and WAMs. In this repository, however, the Policy category specifically refers to robot policies trained primarily from scratch on robot data for action prediction, without relying on pretrained VLMs or explicit visual (2D/Video/3D) generation pretraining. A representative example is Diffusion Policy.

  • [⭐️] Diffusion Policy, Diffusion Policy: Visuomotor Policy Learning via Action Diffusion. arXiv Website

LAM Definition

Latent Action Models (LAMs) learn action-like latent representations from unlabeled videos or observation sequences. These latent actions capture the transitions between states and can serve as supervision for policy pretraining. The pretrained model is subsequently finetuned to predict executable robot actions using labeled robot data. A representative example is LAPA.

  • [⭐️] LAPA, Latent Action Pretraining from Videos. arXiv Website

HAP Definition

Human Action Pretraining (HAP) methods pretrain robot policies on human behavior data using explicit action supervision extracted or recorded from human demonstrations, such as hand pose, full-body trajectories or UMI pose. The pretrained policy is subsequently aligned or finetuned on robot data to produce executable robot actions. A representative example is EgoScale.

  • [⭐️] Egoscale, EgoScale: Scaling Dexterous Manipulation with Diverse Egocentric Human Data. arXiv Website

CaP Definition

Code-as-Policy (CaP) methods use Large Language Models (LLMs) agentic system as high-level planners to generate executable programs that compose perception modules and low-level robot policys (traditional control API or policy models) for embodied task execution. This concept was introduced by Code as Policies.

  • [⭐️] Code as Policies, Code as Policies: Language Model Programs for Embodied Control. arXiv Website

Survey

  • Data Pyramid for Embodied Manipulation. arXiv Website

  • Safety in Embodied AI: A Survey of Risks, Attacks, and Defenses. arXiv Website

  • Vision-Language-Action (VLA) Models: Concepts, Progress, Applications and Challenges. arXiv Website

  • A Survey on Vision-Language-Action Models for Embodied AI. arXiv Website

VLA Models

  • [⭐️] Gemini Robotics 2, Gemini Robotics 2: The intelligence layer to power any kind of robot. Website

  • [⭐️] Xiaomi-Robotics-1, Xiaomi-Robotics-1: Scaling Vision-Language-Action Models with over 100K Hours of Real-World Trajectories. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] Qwen-RobotManip, Qwen-RobotManip Technical Report: Alignment Unlocks Scale for Robotic Manipulation Foundation Models. arXiv Website

  • FOCA-VLA FOCA: Future-Oriented Conditioning for Data-Efficient Vision-Language-Action Adaptation. arXiv Website

  • Qwen-VLA, Qwen-VLA: Unifying Vision-Language-Action Modeling across Tasks, Environments, and Robot Embodiments. arXiv Website

  • Pion, Rethinking Muon Beyond Pretraining: Spectral Failures and High-Pass Remedies for VLA and RLVR. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] MolmoAct2, MolmoAct2 Action Reasoning Models for Real-World Deployment. arXiv Website

  • RLDX-1, RLDX-1 Technical Report. arXiv Website

  • GridS See What Matters: Differentiable Grid Sample Pruning for Generalizable Vision-Language-Action Model. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] π0.7, π0.7: a Steerable Generalist Robotic Foundation Model with Emergent Capabilities. arXiv Website

  • PokeVLA, PokeVLA: Empowering Pocket-Sized Vision-Language-Action Model with Comprehensive World Knowledge Guidance. arXiv Website

  • LaST-R1, LaST-R1: Reinforcing Robotic Manipulation via Adaptive Physical Latent Reasoning. arXivWebsite

  • StarVLA-α, StarVLA-α: Reducing Complexity in Vision-Language-Action Systems. arXiv Website

  • StarVLA, StarVLA: A Lego-like Codebase for Vision-Language-Action Model Developing. arXiv Website

  • DIAL DIAL: Decoupling Intent and Action via Latent World Modeling for End-to-End VLA. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] VLANeXt, VLANeXt: Recipes for Building Strong VLA Models. arXiv Website

  • LAP, LAP: Language-Action Pre-Training Enables Zero-shot Cross-Embodiment Transfer. arXiv Website

  • HBVLA, HBVLA: Pushing 1-Bit Post-Training Quantization for Vision-Language-Action Models. arXiv

  • CoVer-VLA, Scaling Verification Can Be More Effective than Scaling Policy Learning for Vision-Language-Action Alignment. arXiv Website

  • HoloBrain-0, HoloBrain-0 Technical Report. arXiv Website

  • ABot-M0, ABot-M0: VLA Foundation Model for Robotic Manipulation with Action Manifold Learning. arXiv Website

  • SimVLA, SimVLA: A Simple VLA Baseline for Robotic Manipulation. arXiv Website

  • DynamicVLA, DynamicVLA: A Vision-Language-Action Model for Dynamic Object Manipulation. arXiv Website

  • Lingbot-VLA, A Pragmatic VLA Foundation Model. arXiv Website

  • ACoT-VLA, ACoT-VLA: Action Chain-of-Thought for Vision-Language-Action Models. arXiv Website

  • EVOLVE-VLA, EVOLVE-VLA: Test-Time Training from Environment Feedback for Vision-Language-Action Models. arXivWebsite

  • FASTer, FASTer: Toward Efficient Autoregressive Vision Language Action Modeling via Neural Action Tokenization. arXiv

  • GenieReasoner, Unified Embodied VLM Reasoning with Robotic Action via Autoregressive Discretized Pre-training. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] π∗0.6, π∗0.6: a VLA That Learns From Experience. arXiv Website

  • METIS, METIS: Multi-Source Egocentric Training for Integrated Dexterous Vision-Language-Action Model. arXivWebsite

  • MergeVLA, MergeVLA: Cross-Skill Model Merging Toward a Generalist Vision-Language-Action Agent. arXiv Website

  • TwinVLA, TwinVLA: Data-Efficient Bimanual Manipulation with Twin Single-Arm Vision-Language-Action Models. arXiv Website

  • SRPO, SRPO: Self-Referential Policy Optimization for Vision-Language-Action Models. arXiv

  • AVA-VLA, AVA-VLA: Improving Vision-Language-Action models with Active Visual Attention. arXiv

  • AsyncVLA, AsyncVLA: Asynchronous Flow Matching for Vision-Language-Action Models. arXiv Website

  • VLA-0, VLA-0: Building State-of-the-Art VLAs with Zero Modification. arXiv Website

  • X-VLA, X-VLA: Soft-Prompted Transformer as Scalable Cross-Embodiment Vision-Language-Action Model. arXiv Website

  • FLOWER, FLOWER: Democratizing Generalist Robot Policies with Efficient Vision-Language-Action Flow Policies. arXiv Website

  • VLA-Adapter, VLA-Adapter: An Effective Paradigm for Tiny-Scale Vision-Language-Action Model. arXiv Website

  • SimpleVLA-RL, SimpleVLA-RL: Scaling VLA Training via Reinforcement Learning. arXivWebsite

  • ATE, Align-Then-stEer: Adapting the Vision-Language Action Models through Unified Latent Guidance. arXiv Website

  • VLA-Reasoner, VLA-Reasoner: Empowering Vision-Language-Action Models with Reasoning via Online Monte Carlo Tree Search. arXiv

  • Discrete Diffusion VLA, Discrete Diffusion VLA: Bringing Discrete Diffusion to Action Decoding in Vision-Language-Action Policies. arXiv Website

  • MemoryVLA, MemoryVLA: Perceptual-Cognitive Memory in Vision-Language-Action Models for Robotic Manipulation. arXiv Website

  • ReconVLA, ReconVLA: Reconstructive Vision-Language-Action Model as Effective Robot Perceiver. arXiv Website

  • MolmoAct, MolmoAct: Action Reasoning Models that can Reason in Space. arXiv Website

  • ThinkAct, ThinkAct: Vision-Language-Action Reasoning via Reinforced Visual Latent Planning. arXivWebsite

  • Tactile-VLA, Tactile-VLA: Unlocking Vision-Language-Action Model's Physical Knowledge for Tactile Generalization. arXivWebsite

  • TGRPO, TGRPO: Fine-tuning Vision-Language-Action Model via Trajectory-wise Group Relative Policy Optimization. arXiv

  • SmolVLA, SmolVLA: A Vision-Language-Action Model for Affordable and Efficient Robotics. arXiv Website

  • 4D-VLA, 4D-VLA: Spatiotemporal Vision-Language-Action Pretraining with Cross-Scene Calibration. arXiv Website

  • CronusVLA, CronusVLA: Towards Efficient and Robust Manipulation via Multi-Frame Vision-Language-Action Modeling. arXiv Website

  • 3D CAVLA, 3D CAVLA: Leveraging Depth and 3D Context to Generalize Vision Language Action Models for Unseen Tasks. arXiv Website

  • VLA-RL, VLA-RL: Towards Masterful and General Robotic Manipulation with Scalable Reinforcement Learning. arXivWebsite

  • X-ICM, Exploring the Limits of Vision-Language-Action Manipulations in Cross-task Generalization. arXiv Website

  • RIPT-VLA, Interactive Post-Training for Vision-Language-Action Models. arXivWebsite

  • ForceVLA, ForceVLA: Enhancing VLA Models with a Force-aware MoE for Contact-rich Manipulation. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] π0.5, π0.5: a Vision-Language-Action Model with Open-World Generalization. arXiv Website

  • NORA, NORA: A Small Open-Sourced Generalist Vision Language Action Model for Embodied Tasks. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] Gemini Robotics, Gemini Robotics: Bringing AI into the Physical World. arXiv Website

  • CombatVLA, CombatVLA: An Efficient Vision-Language-Action Model for Combat Tasks in 3D Action Role-Playing Games. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] OpenVLA-OFT, Fine-Tuning Vision-Language-Action Models: Optimizing Speed and Success. arXiv Website

  • Humanoid-VLA, Humanoid-VLA: Towards Universal Humanoid Control with Visual Integration. arXiv

  • ChatVLA, ChatVLA: Unified Multimodal Understanding and Robot Control with Vision-Language-Action Model. arXiv Website

  • SpatialVLA, SpatialVLA: Exploring Spatial Representations for Visual-Language-Action Model. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] FAST, FAST: Efficient Action Tokenization for Vision-Language-Action Models. arXiv Website

  • TraceVLA, TraceVLA: Visual Trace Prompting Enhances Spatial-Temporal Awareness for Generalist Robotic Policies. arXiv Website

  • RoboVLMs, Towards Generalist Robot Policies: What Matters in Building Vision-Language-Action Models. arXiv Website

  • CogACT, CogACT: A Foundational Vision-Language-Action Model for Synergizing Cognition and Action in Robotic Manipulation. arXiv Website

  • GRAPE, GRAPE: Generalizing Robot Policy via Preference Alignment. arXivWebsite

  • [⭐️] π0, π0: A Vision-Language-Action Flow Model for General Robot Control. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] TinyVLA, TinyVLA: Towards Fast, Data-Efficient Vision-Language-Action Models for Robotic Manipulation. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] OpenVLA, OpenVLA: An Open-Source Vision-Language-Action Model. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] 3D-VLA, 3D-VLA: A 3D Vision-Language-Action Generative World Model. arXiv Website

  • RoboFlamingo, Vision-Language Foundation Models as Effective Robot Imitators. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] RT-2, RT-2: Vision-Language-Action Models Transfer Web Knowledge to Robotic Control. arXiv Website

World Models

  • Qwen-RobotWorld, Qwen-RobotWorld Technical Report: Unifying Embodied World Modeling through Language-Conditioned Video Generation. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] Cosmos 3, Cosmos 3: Omnimodal World Models for Physical AI. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] DreamDojo, DreamDojo: A Generalist Robot World Model from Large-Scale Human Videos. arXiv Website

  • PointWorld, PointWorld: Scaling 3D World Models for In-The-Wild Robotic Manipulation. arXiv Website

  • NitroGen, NitroGen: An Open Foundation Model for Generalist Gaming Agents. arXiv Website

  • Puffin, Thinking with Camera: A Unified Multimodal Model for Camera-Centric Understanding and Generation. arXiv Website

  • Yume, Yume: An Interactive World Generation Model. arXiv Website

  • PlayerOne, PlayerOne: Egocentric World Simulator. arXiv Website

  • Matrix-Game, Matrix-Game: Interactive World Foundation Model. arXiv Website

  • WorldMem, WorldMem: Long-term Consistent World Simulation with Memory. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] Cosmos, Cosmos World Foundation Model Platform for Physical AI. arXiv Website

  • GameFactory, GameFactory: Creating New Games with Generative Interactive Videos. arXiv Website

  • The Matrix, The Matrix: Infinite-Horizon World Generation with Real-Time Moving Control. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] Genie, Genie: Generative Interactive Environments. arXiv Website

  • Playable Environments, Playable Environments: Video Manipulation in Space and Time. arXivWebsite

  • CADDY, Playable Video Generation. arXivWebsite

  • [⭐️] ACVP, Action-Conditional Video Prediction using Deep Networks in Atari Games. arXiv

World Action Models

  • Faster-WAM, Faster-WAM: Efficient Inference-Time Future Conditioning for Robust World Action Models. arXiv Website

  • Masked Visual Actions, Masked Visual Actions for Unified World Modeling. arXiv Website

  • Temporal Ratio, Understanding and Mitigating the Video-Action Generalization Gap via Temporal Ratio. arXiv Website

  • LingBot-VA 2, Native Video-Action Pretraining for Generalizable Robot Control. arXiv Website

  • FlowWAM, FlowWAM: Optical Flow as a Unified Action Representation for World Action Models. arXiv Website

  • WAM-TTT, WAM-TTT: Steering World-Action Models by Watching Human Play at Test Time. arXiv Website

  • LaWAM, LaWAM: Latent World Action Models for Efficient Dynamics-Aware Robot Policies. arXiv Website

  • Next Forcing, Next Forcing: Causal World Modeling with Multi-Chunk Prediction. arXiv Website

  • Flash-WAM, Flash-WAM: Modality-Aware Distillation for World Action Models. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] Kairos, Kairos: A Native World Model Stack for Physical AI. arXiv Website

  • ImageWAM, ImageWAM: Do World Action Models Really Need Video Generation, or Just Image Editing? arXiv Website

  • GAM, Geometric Action Model for Robot Policy Learning. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] Cosmos 3, Cosmos 3: Omnimodal World Models for Physical AI. arXiv Website

  • MemoryWAM, MemoryWAM: Efficient World Action Modeling with Persistent Memory. arXiv Website

  • τ0-WM, τ0-WM: A Unified Video-Action World Model for Robotic Manipulation. arXiv Website

  • WAM-RL, WAM-RL: World-Action Model Reinforcement Learning with Reconstruction Rewards and Online Video SFT. arXiv

  • AdaJEPA, AdaJEPA: An Adaptive Latent World Model. arXiv Website

  • GaussianDream, GaussianDream: A Feed-Forward 3D Gaussian World Model for Robotic Manipulation. arXiv Website

  • GE-Sim 2.0, GE-Sim 2.0: A Roadmap Towards Comprehensive Closed-loop Video World Simulators for Robotic Manipulation. arXiv Website

  • Action Images, Action Images: End-to-End Policy Learning via Multiview Video Generation. arXiv Website

  • DeFI, Disentangled Robot Learning via Separate Forward and Inverse Dynamics Pretraining. arXiv Website

  • Being-H0.7, Being-H0.7: A Latent World-Action Model from Egocentric Videos. arXiv Website

  • WAV, World Action Verifier: Self-Improving World Models via Forward-Inverse Asymmetry. arXiv Website

  • LeWorldModel, LeWorldModel: Stable End-to-End Joint-Embedding Predictive Architecture from Pixels. arXiv Website

  • GigaWorld-Policy, GigaWorld-Policy: An Efficient Action-Centered World--Action Model. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] Fast-WAM, Fast-WAM: Do World Action Models Need Test-time Future Imagination?. arXiv Website

  • Do World Action Models Generalize Better than VLAs? A Robustness Study. arXiv

  • VLAW, VLAW: Iterative Co-Improvement of Vision-Language-Action Policy and World Model. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] DreamZero, World Action Models are Zero-shot Policies. arXiv Website

  • LDA-1B, LDA-1B: Scaling Latent Dynamics Action Model via Universal Embodied Data Ingestion. arXiv Website

  • WoG, World Guidance World Modeling in Condition Space for Action Generation. arXiv Website

  • VLA-JEPA, VLA-JEPA: Enhancing Vision-Language-Action Model with Latent World Model. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] Cosmos Policy, Cosmos Policy: Fine-Tuning Video Models for Visuomotor Control and Planning. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] World-VLA-Loop, World-VLA-Loop: Closed-Loop Learning of Video World Model and VLA Policy. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] Lingbot-VA, Causal World Modeling for Robot Control. arXiv Website

  • mimic-video, mimic-video: Video-Action Models for Generalizable Robot Control Beyond VLAs. arXiv Website

  • MM-ACT, MM-ACT: Learn from Multimodal Parallel Generation to Act. arXiv Website

  • RynnVLA-002, RynnVLA-002: A Unified Vision-Language-Action and World Model. arXiv Website

  • WMPO, WMPO: World Model-based Policy Optimization for Vision-Language-Action Models. arXivWebsite

  • World-Env, World-Env: Leveraging World Model as a Virtual Environment for VLA Post-Training. arXivWebsite

  • F1, F1: A Vision-Language-Action Model Bridging Understanding and Generation to Actions. arXiv Website

  • FlowVLA, FlowVLA: Visual Chain of Thought-based Motion Reasoning for Vision-Language-Action Models. arXiv Website

  • Video Policy, Video Generators are Robot Policies. arXiv Website

  • DreamVLA, DreamVLA: A Vision-Language-Action Model Dreamed with Comprehensive World Knowledge. arXiv Website

  • UniVLA, Unified Vision-Language-Action Model. arXiv Website

  • WorldVLA, WorldVLA: Towards Autoregressive Action World Model. arXiv Website

  • UniVLA, UniVLA: Learning to Act Anywhere with Task-centric Latent Actions. arXiv Website

  • DreamGen, DreamGen: Unlocking Generalization in Robot Learning through Video World Models. arXiv Website

  • FLARE, FLARE: Robot Learning with Implicit World Modeling. arXiv Website

  • UWM, Unified World Models: Coupling Video and Action Diffusion for Pretraining on Large Robotic Datasets. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] UVAM, Unified Video Action Model. arXiv Website

  • Inverse Probabilistic Adaptation, Solving New Tasks by Adapting Internet Video Knowledge. arXiv Website

  • CoT-VLA, CoT-VLA: Visual Chain-of-Thought Reasoning for Vision-Language-Action Models. arXiv Website

  • UP-VLA, UP-VLA: A Unified Understanding and Prediction Model for Embodied Agent. arXiv Website

  • VPP,Video Prediction Policy: A Generalist Robot Policy with Predictive Visual Representations. arXiv Website

  • NWM, Navigation World Models. arXiv Website

  • Seer, Predictive Inverse Dynamics Models are Scalable Learners for Robotic Manipulation. arXiv Website

  • GameGen-X, GameGen-X: Interactive Open-world Game Video Generation. arXiv Website

  • GR-2, GR-2: A Generative Video-Language-Action Model with Web-Scale Knowledge for Robot Manipulation. arXiv Website

  • GameNGen, Diffusion Models Are Real-Time Game Engines. arXiv Website

  • DIAMOND, Diffusion for World Modeling: Visual Details Matter in Atari. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] GR-1, Unleashing Large-Scale Video Generative Pre-training for Visual Robot Manipulation. arXiv Website

  • VLP, Video Language Planning. arXiv Website

  • UniSim, Learning Interactive Real-World Simulators. arXiv Website

  • Dynalang, Learning to Model the World with Language. arXiv Website

  • UniPi, Learning Universal Policies via Text-Guided Video Generation. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] DreamerV3, Mastering Diverse Domains through World Models. arXiv Website

  • DayDreamer, DayDreamer: World Models for Physical Robot Learning. arXiv Website

  • MWM, Masked World Models for Visual Control. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] Diffusers, Planning with Diffusion for Flexible Behavior Synthesis. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] DreamerV2, Mastering Atari with Discrete World Models. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] SimPLe, Model-Based Reinforcement Learning for Atari. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] Dreamer, Dream to Control: Learning Behaviors by Latent Imagination. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] PlaNet, Learning Latent Dynamics for Planning from Pixels. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] World Models, World Models. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] Dyna, Integrated Architectures for Learning, Planning, and Reacting Based on Approximating Dynamic Programming. Paper

Policies

  • ActionMap, ActionMap: Robot Policy Learning via Voxel Action Heatmap. arXiv Website

  • Know Your Camera, Do You Know Where Your Camera Is? View-Invariant Policy Learning with Camera Conditioning. arXiv Website

  • State-free Policy, Do You Need Proprioceptive States in Visuomotor Policies?. arXiv Website

  • LBM, A Careful Examination of Large Behavior Models for Multitask Dexterous Manipulation. arXiv Website

  • Adapt Your Body, Adapt Your Body: Mitigating Proprioception Shifts in Imitation Learning. arXiv

  • RDP, Reactive Diffusion Policy: Slow-Fast Visual-Tactile Policy Learning for Contact-Rich Manipulation. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] Data Scaling Laws in Imitation Learning for Robotic Manipulationy. arXiv

  • [⭐️] RDT-1B, RDT-1B: a Diffusion Foundation Model for Bimanual Manipulation. arXiv Website

  • HPT, Scaling Proprioceptive-Visual Learning with Heterogeneous Pre-trained Transformers. arXiv Website

  • MDT, Multimodal Diffusion Transformer: Learning Versatile Behavior from Multimodal Goals. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] Octo, Octo: An Open-Source Generalist Robot Policy. arXiv Website

  • ManiGaussian, ManiGaussian: Dynamic Gaussian Splatting for Multi-task Robotic Manipulation. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] DP3, 3D Diffusion Policy: Generalizable Visuomotor Policy Learning via Simple 3D Representations. arXiv Website

  • RPT, Robot Learning with Sensorimotor Pre-training. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] Diffusion Policy, Diffusion Policy: Visuomotor Policy Learning via Action Diffusion. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] RT-1, RT-1: Robotics Transformer for Real-World Control at Scale. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] PerAct, Perceiver-Actor: A Multi-Task Transformer for Robotic Manipulation. arXiv Website

Latent Action Models

  • LAWM-3D, LAWM-3D: Learning 3D-Aware Latent Actions from Human Videos for Generalizable Robot World Models. arXiv

  • [⭐️] LARA, LARA: Latent Action Representation Alignment for Vision-Language-Action Models. arXiv Website

  • DiLA, DiLA: Disentangled Latent Action World Models. arXiv Website

  • From Pixels to Tokens, From Pixels to Tokens: A Systematic Study of Latent Action Supervision for Vision-Language-Action Models. arXiv Website

  • HiLAM, Hierarchical Latent Action Model. arXiv

  • [⭐️] DreamDojo, DreamDojo: A Generalist Robot World Model from Large-Scale Human Videos. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] Learning Latent Action World Models In The Wild. arXiv

  • Motus, Motus: A Unified Latent Action World Model. arXiv Website

  • CoLA-World, Co-Evolving Latent Action World Models. arXiv

  • LPS, Latent Policy Steering with Embodiment-Agnostic Pretrained World Models. arXiv

  • CoMo, CoMo: Learning Continuous Latent Motion from Internet Videos for Scalable Robot Learning. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] GR00T N1, GR00T N1: An Open Foundation Model for Generalist Humanoid Robots. arXiv Website

  • AdaWorld, AdaWorld: Learning Adaptable World Models with Latent Actions. arXiv Website

  • Moto, Moto: Latent Motion Token as the Bridging Language for Learning Robot Manipulation from Videos. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] LAPA, Latent Action Pretraining from Videos. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] Genie, Genie: Generative Interactive Environments. arXiv Website

  • LAPO, Learning to Act without Actions. arXiv Website

  • AVDC, Learning to Act from Actionless Videos through Dense Correspondences. arXiv Website

  • CLASP, Learning what you can do before doing anything. arXivWebsite

  • ILPO, Imitating Latent Policies from Observation. arXiv Website

Human Action Pretraining

  • [⭐️] Xiaomi-Robotics-1, Xiaomi-Robotics-1: Scaling Vision-Language-Action Models with over 100K Hours of Real-World Trajectories. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] HumanScale, HumanScale: Egocentric Human Video Can Outperform Real-Robot Data for Embodied Pretraining. arXiv Website

  • HumanEgo, HumanEgo: Zero-Shot Robot Learning from Minutes of Human Egocentric Videos. arXiv Website

  • Being-H0.7, Being-H0.7: A Latent World-Action Model from Egocentric Videos. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] Egoscale, EgoScale: Scaling Dexterous Manipulation with Diverse Egocentric Human Data. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] Emergence of Human to Robot Transfer in Vision-Language-Action Models. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] EgoVLA, EgoVLA: Learning Vision-Language-Action Models from Egocentric Human Videos. arXiv Website

Code as Policy

  • OpenETA, ETA: A New Agentic Paradigm for Embodied Tasks. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] Gemini Robotics 2, Gemini Robotics 2: The intelligence layer to power any kind of robot. Website

  • Harness VLA, Harness VLA: Steering Frozen VLAs into Reliable Manipulation Primitives via Memory-Guided Agents. arXiv Website

  • CaP-X, CaP-X: A Framework for Benchmarking and Improving Coding Agents for Robot Manipulation. arXiv Website

  • Dream2Flow, Dream2Flow: Bridging Video Generation and Open-World Manipulation with 3D Object Flow. arXiv Website

  • ReKep, ReKep: Spatio-Temporal Reasoning of Relational Keypoint Constraints for Robotic Manipulation. arXiv Website

  • VoxPoser, VoxPoser: Composable 3D Value Maps for Robotic Manipulation with Language Models. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] Code as Policies, Code as Policies: Language Model Programs for Embodied Control. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] Zero-Shot Planner, Language Models as Zero-Shot Planners: Extracting Actionable Knowledge for Embodied Agents. arXiv Website

Robotics Datasets

  • [⭐️] ABC-130k, Scalable Behavior Cloning with Open Data, Training, and Evaluation. arXiv Website

  • GM100, The Great March 100: 100 Detail-oriented Tasks for Evaluating Embodied AI Agents. arXiv Website

  • RoboMIND 2.0, RoboMIND 2.0: A Multimodal, Bimanual Mobile Manipulation Dataset for Generalizable Embodied Intelligence. arXiv Website

  • RoboCOIN, RoboCOIN: An Open-Sourced Bimanual Robotic Data COllection for INtegrated Manipulation. arXiv Website

  • Humanoid Everyday, Humanoid Everyday: A Comprehensive Robotic Dataset for Open-World Humanoid Manipulation. arXiv Website

  • Fourier ActionNet Dataset, Fourier ActionNet Dataset. Website

  • Galaxea, Galaxea Open-World Dataset and G0 Dual-System VLA Model. arXiv Website

  • MolmoAct, MolmoAct: Action Reasoning Models that can Reason in Space. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] AgiBot World, AgiBot World Colosseo: A Large-scale Manipulation Platform for Scalable and Intelligent Embodied Systems. arXiv Website

  • RoboMIND, RoboMIND: Benchmark on Multi-embodiment Intelligence Normative Data for Robot Manipulation. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] DROID, DROID: A Large-Scale In-The-Wild Robot Manipulation Dataset. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] Open X-Embodiment, Open X-Embodiment: Robotic Learning Datasets and RT-X Models. arXiv Website

  • RH20T, RH20T: A Comprehensive Robotic Dataset for Learning Diverse Skills in One-Shot. arXiv Website

Ego Human Datasets

  • [⭐️] Open-AoE, Open-AoE: An Open Egocentric Manipulation Dataset and Toolchain for Embodied Learning. arXiv Website

  • HiFi-UMI, HiFi-UMI: Learning Deployable Manipulation Policies from High-Fidelity UMI Data Alone. arXiv Website

  • ActiveMimic, ActiveMimic: Egocentric Video Pretraining with Active Perception. arXiv Website

  • HumanNet, HumanNet: Scaling Human-centric Video Learning to One Million Hours. arXiv Website

  • EgoVerse, EgoVerse: An Egocentric Human Dataset for Robot Learning from Around the World. arXiv Website

  • xperience-10m, Xperience-10M: The Largest Human Xperience Dataset. Website

  • [⭐️] EgoDex, EgoDex: Learning Dexterous Manipulation from Large-Scale Egocentric Video. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] Ego4D, Ego4D: Around the World in 3,000 Hours of Egocentric Video. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] Something-Something v2, The "something something" video database for learning and evaluating visual common sense. arXiv Website

Benchmark / Environment

  • RoboDojo, RoboDojo: A Unified Sim-and-Real Benchmark for Comprehensive Evaluation of Generalist Robot Manipulation Policies. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] RoboLab, RoboLab: A High-Fidelity Simulation Benchmark for Analysis of Task Generalist Policies. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] WorldArena, WorldArena: A Unified Benchmark for Evaluating Perception and Functional Utility of Embodied World Models. arXiv Website

  • PAI-Bench, PAI-Bench: A Comprehensive Benchmark For Physical AI. arXiv Website

  • LIBERO-Plus, LIBERO-Plus: In-depth Robustness Analysis of Vision-Language-Action Models. arXiv Website

  • RoboChallenge, RoboChallenge: Large-scale Real-robot Evaluation of Embodied Policies. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] RoboArena, RoboArena: Distributed Real-World Evaluation of Generalist Robot Policies. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] RoboTwin 2.0, RoboTwin 2.0: A Scalable Data Generator and Benchmark with Strong Domain Randomization for Robust Bimanual Robotic Manipulation. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] RoboCasa, RoboCasa: Large-Scale Simulation of Everyday Tasks for Generalist Robots. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] SimplerEnv, Evaluating Real-World Robot Manipulation Policies in Simulation. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] LIBERO, LIBERO: Benchmarking Knowledge Transfer for Lifelong Robot Learning. arXiv Website

  • FurnitureBench, FurnitureBench: Reproducible Real-World Benchmark for Long-Horizon Complex Manipulation. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] CALVIN, CALVIN: A Benchmark for Language-Conditioned Policy Learning for Long-Horizon Robot Manipulation Tasks. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] SAPIEN, SAPIEN: A SimulAted Part-based Interactive ENvironment. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] RLBench, RLBench: The Robot Learning Benchmark & Learning Environment. arXiv Website

Physics Engine

  • [⭐️] PhysX, Website

  • [⭐️] MuJoCo. Website

  • [⭐️] PyBullet. Website

Software

  • Embodied.cpp, Embodied.cpp: A Portable Inference Runtime of Embodied AI Models on Heterogeneous Robots. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] ROS, Robot Operating System. arXiv Website

Hardware

  • HiFi-UMI, HiFi-UMI: Learning Deployable Manipulation Policies from High-Fidelity UMI Data Alone. arXiv Website

  • DexUMI, DexUMI: Using Human Hand as the Universal Manipulation Interface for Dexterous Manipulation. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] UMI, Universal Manipulation Interface: In-The-Wild Robot Teaching Without In-The-Wild Robots. arXiv Website

  • GELLO, GELLO: A General, Low-Cost, and Intuitive Teleoperation Framework for Robot Manipulators. arXiv Website

  • [⭐️] ALOHA, Learning Fine-Grained Bimanual Manipulation with Low-Cost Hardware. arXiv Website

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Awesome World Models for the template.

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