C++ Module 07

C++ Templates

This module focuses on the implementation and usage of templates in C++ to create generic, reusable components.

Structure

ex00/ - Start with a Few Functions

• whatever.{hpp}: Implements the following function templates:
  • swap: Swaps the values of two arguments.
  • min: Returns the smaller of two arguments (returns the second if they are equal).
  • max: Returns the larger of two arguments (returns the second if they are equal).
• main.cpp: Tests for the function templates with various types.

ex01/ - Iter

• iter.{hpp}: Implements the iter function template that:
  • Takes a pointer to an array, its size, and a function to apply to each element.
  • Works with any array type and supports function templates as the third parameter.
• main.cpp: Tests the iter template with different array types and functions.

ex02/ - Array

• Array.{hpp}: Implements a class template Array with:
  • Default constructor: Creates an empty array.
  • Parameterized constructor: Creates an array with n default-initialized elements.
  • Copy constructor and assignment operator: Ensure deep copy behavior.
  • Subscript operator []: Provides access to elements with bounds checking.
  • size(): Returns the number of elements in the array.
  • Throws std::exception for out-of-bounds access.
• Array.tpp: Optional file for template implementation.
• main.cpp: Tests the Array template with different data types and scenarios.

Features

• Function Templates: Implements reusable generic functions (swap, min, max, and iter).
• Class Templates: Defines a generic array class with robust functionality.
• Dynamic Memory Management: Utilizes new[] for array memory allocation.
• Exception Handling: Ensures safe access with meaningful error messages for invalid operations.