[Fixes #14406] Introducing a new setting for the URL validation

[Gpetrak]

This PR was created according to this issue: #14406

Checklist

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[gemini-code-assist]

Code Review

This pull request introduces the SAFE_URL_TRUSTED_HOSTS setting to allow trusted hosts to bypass URL safety validation, even when resolving to private IPs. The review feedback highlights several critical improvements: normalizing the port check in geonode/utils.py to handle implicit default ports (80/443) and hostnames without ports; making the environment variable parsing in geonode/settings.py more robust by falling back to comma-separated parsing on failure; and adding comprehensive test cases to cover these edge cases.

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[github-actions]

The backport to 5.0.x failed:

The process '/usr/bin/git' failed with exit code 1

To backport manually, run these commands in your terminal:

# Fetch latest updates from GitHub
git fetch
# Create a new working tree
git worktree add .worktrees/backport-5.0.x 5.0.x
# Navigate to the new working tree
cd .worktrees/backport-5.0.x
# Create a new branch
git switch --create backport-14407-to-5.0.x
# Cherry-pick the merged commit of this pull request and resolve the conflicts
git cherry-pick -x --mainline 1 c3f53cc63e2b8a51c0a93f51976cbb190c202820
# Push it to GitHub
git push --set-upstream origin backport-14407-to-5.0.x
# Go back to the original working tree
cd ../..
# Delete the working tree
git worktree remove .worktrees/backport-5.0.x

Then, create a pull request where the base branch is 5.0.x and the compare/head branch is backport-14407-to-5.0.x.