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Benchmarks
Measured on a Xiaomi AX3600 running ppe-nss (080ac4b7496), NSS firmware
12.5, with SQM on the WAN (PPPoE on VLAN 7, 305/165 Mbit/s, hw_ppe.qos).
Every class ran 3 times, 20 s each; 99 runs in all.
Offloaded means that once the flow is set up, the router's host network interfaces on both ends see no traffic in either direction. That held in every run below.
Router CPU is the busy share of all four cores during the transfer. The ranges show the lowest and highest of the three runs.
The PPE switches these in hardware.
| Flow | Direction | IP | Mbit/s | Router CPU % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Routed (two LAN subnets) | PC → Pi | v4 | 941 | 0.8 |
| Routed (two LAN subnets) | Pi → Pi | v6 | 864–876 | 0.8 |
| Bridged | PC → Pi | v4 | 941 | 0.8 |
| WAN download (NAT, PPPoE) | Internet → Pi | v4 | 278–284 | 0.7 |
| WAN download (PPPoE) | Internet → Pi | v6 | 281–282 | 0.7 |
The WAN rows sit just under the 305 Mbit/s SQM download rate.
A Raspberry Pi 4 as the station. Its radio tops out near 95 Mbit/s, so these rows show what the router spends at a fixed load, not peak Wi-Fi speed (see the next two tables for that). Up is station to router.
| Flow | Direction | IP | Mbit/s | Router CPU % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Routed | Up | v4 | 86–87 | 1.5 |
| Routed | Down | v4 | 92 | 0.9 |
| Routed | Up | v6 | 86 | 1.3 |
| Routed | Down | v6 | 88–89 | 0.9 |
| Bridged | Up | v4 | 86 | 1.2 |
| Bridged | Down | v4 | 91–93 | 0.9 |
| Bridged | Up | v6 | 85–86 | 1.7 |
| Bridged | Down | v6 | 88–89 | 0.9 |
| Bridged UDP, 60 Mbit/s | Up | v4 | 60 | 1.4 |
| Bridged UDP, 60 Mbit/s | Down | v4 | 60 | 1.6 |
| Bridged UDP, 60 Mbit/s | Up | v6 | 60 | 1.4 |
| Bridged UDP, 60 Mbit/s | Down | v6 | 60 | 1.5 |
| WAN download (NAT, PPPoE) | Down | v4 | 95–96 | 0.8 |
| WAN download (PPPoE) | Down | v6 | 91–94 | 0.9 |
A PC with a Wi-Fi 7 card on the 5 GHz radio at 160 MHz, to the Pi's wired port. The Pi's 1 Gbit/s port is the ceiling. The PC's cable carried no traffic during these runs. Up is PC to Pi.
| Flow | Direction | IP | Mbit/s | Router CPU % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Routed (two LAN subnets) | Up | v4 | 939–940 | 1.2 |
| Routed (two LAN subnets) | Down | v4 | 920–938 | 1.4 |
| Routed (two LAN subnets) | Up | v6 | 926 | 1.4 |
| Routed (two LAN subnets) | Down | v6 | 924–926 | 1.7 |
| Bridged | Up | v4 | 847–940 | 1.2 |
| Bridged | Down | v4 | 905–917 | 1.3 |
The same PC and the Pi station, both on the 5 GHz radio, so both ends are Wi-Fi and the slower Pi sets the pace. Up is PC to Pi.
| Flow | Direction | IP | Mbit/s | Router CPU % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Routed | Up | v4 | 94 | 1.1 |
| Routed | Down | v4 | 103–104 | 1.2 |
| Routed | Up | v6 | 89–90 | 1.1 |
| Routed | Down | v6 | 101 | 1.5 |
| Bridged | Up | v4 | 93–94 | 1.0 |
| Bridged | Down | v4 | 103–104 | 1.4 |
| Bridged | Up | v6 | 85–90 | 1.1 |
| Bridged | Down | v6 | 100–102 | 1.5 |
Wi-Fi Offload and Wired Offload show how to check that a flow is offloaded on your own router. Reports from other boards are welcome, see Reporting Bugs.