1、题目描述 在Quartus软件上使用Verilog HDL为银行售票机设计一个数字系统，规格如下:
- 为至少3种不同类型的银行服务出具票据。也就是说，每一种服务都会发放一张以不同数字或字母开头的票。
- 考虑至少有4名银行职员值班。
- 银行职员按下一个按钮来获取下一个排队号码。
- 在7段显示器上显示下一个票号和银行职员的柜台号码。
- 票上显示等候的顾客人数。
- 利用有限状态机(FSM)设计银行票务机。您的设计可能需要算术电路、组合电路、寄存器和计数器。
- 用流程图展示你设计的系统。
- 使用ModelSim软件验证设计的功能。
这个模块是一个银行取号机的有限状态机（FSM），它接收时钟信号和复位信号，并根据客户按下的服务按钮和工作人员按下的按钮来控制取号和显示功能。 根据不同的服务类型和工作人员，它会分配不同的取号票号码和显示工作人员的柜台号码。模块中定义了多个状态和参数，包括IDLE（空闲）、SERVICE（请求服务）、DISPLAY（显示）等状态，以及General_Serivces（普通服务）、Loan_Services（贷款服务）和Coustemer_Service（客户服务）等服务类型参数，还有Officer1、Officer2、Officer3、Officer4等工作人员编号参数。 模块内部通过时钟和复位信号控制状态转换，并根据不同的状态执行相应的操作，包括初始化取号机信息、处理客户按下服务按钮的情况、处理工作人员按下按钮的情况等。
- 输入时钟信号 clk：用于驱动有限状态机的时钟信号。
- 输入复位信号 rst_n：复位信号，当为低电平时对模块进行复位操作。
- 输入客户服务按钮信号 service_ButtonPress：表示客户请求服务的按钮信号，根据不同的值分别对应不同的服务类型（普通服务、贷款服务、客户服务）。
- 输入工作人员按钮信号 officer_ButtonPress：表示工作人员按下的按钮信号，根据不同的值分别对应不同的工作人员编号。
- 输出取号票号码 Tickernum：显示下一个可用的取号票号码。
- 输出银行柜台号码 Desknum：显示银行工作人员的柜台号码。
- 输出等候客户取号数 ticket_WaitingCustomers：显示目前等待的客户数量。
- 输出取号票类型 ticket_ServiceType：每种服务类型将分配不同类型的取号票号码。
顶层模块仿真波形图
module BankTicketMachineFSM (
input clk,
input rst_n,
input [2:0] service_ButtonPress, //001: general serivces;010:loan services;100:coustemer service
input [3:0] officer_ButtonPress, //0001:officer 1; 0010:officer 2; 0100:officer 3;1000:officer 4
output reg [6:0] Tickernum, //Display the next ticket number
output reg [1:0] Desknum, //Display the bank officer’s desk number
output reg [15:0] ticket_WaitingCustomers, //The ticket shows the number of waiting customers
output reg [2:0] ticket_ServiceType //Each type of service will dispense a ticket starting with different number
);
// State definitions
parameter IDLE = 3'b001;
parameter SERVICE = 3'b010; //request service
parameter DISPLAY = 3'b100; //display tickernum and desknum
//Service State Parameters
parameter General_Serivces = 3'b001;
parameter Loan_Services = 3'b010;
parameter Coustemer_Service = 3'b100;
//Officer State Parameters
parameter Officer1 = 4'b0001;
parameter Officer2 = 4'b0010;
parameter Officer3 = 4'b0100;
parameter Officer4 = 4'b1000;
reg [2:0] service_ButtonPress_reg;
reg [3:0] officer_ButtonPress_reg;
reg [15:0] queuingNumber[2:0]; // Queuing numbers for each service type
reg [2:0] state, nextState; // FSM states
always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
if(!rst_n)begin
service_ButtonPress_reg <= 'b0;
officer_ButtonPress_reg <= 'b0;
end
else begin
service_ButtonPress_reg <= service_ButtonPress;
officer_ButtonPress_reg <= officer_ButtonPress;
end
end
//FSM
always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_n) begin
if (!rst_n) begin
state <= IDLE; // Initialize state to IDLE
end
else begin
state <= nextState; // Transition to next state
end
end
always @(*)begin
if(!rst_n)begin
nextState <= IDLE;
end
else begin
if(service_ButtonPress!=3'b000)begin
nextState <= SERVICE;
end
else if (officer_ButtonPress!=4'b0000) begin
nextState <= DISPLAY;
end
else begin
nextState <= IDLE;
end
end
end
always@(posedge clk or negedge rst_n)begin
if (!rst_n) begin
Tickernum <= 'b0;
Desknum <= 'b0;
ticket_WaitingCustomers <= 'b0;
ticket_ServiceType <= 'b0;
queuingNumber[0] <= 'b0; // Initial queuing number for general services
queuingNumber[1] <= 'b0; // Initial queuing number for loan services
queuingNumber[2] <= 'b0; // Initial queuing number for customer services
end
else begin
case(state)
IDLE:begin
Tickernum <= Tickernum;
Desknum <= Desknum;
ticket_WaitingCustomers <= ticket_WaitingCustomers;
ticket_ServiceType <= ticket_ServiceType;
queuingNumber[0] <= queuingNumber[0]; // Initial queuing number for general services
queuingNumber[1] <= queuingNumber[1]; // Initial queuing number for loan services
queuingNumber[2] <= queuingNumber[2]; // Initial queuing number for customer services
end
SERVICE:begin
case(service_ButtonPress_reg)
General_Serivces:begin
queuingNumber[0] <= queuingNumber[0] + 1'b1;
ticket_WaitingCustomers <= queuingNumber[0];
ticket_ServiceType <= General_Serivces;
end
Loan_Services:begin
queuingNumber[1] <= queuingNumber[1] + 1'b1;
ticket_WaitingCustomers <= queuingNumber[1];
ticket_ServiceType <= Loan_Services;
end
Coustemer_Service:begin
queuingNumber[2] <= queuingNumber[2] + 1'b1;
ticket_WaitingCustomers <= queuingNumber[2];
ticket_ServiceType <= Coustemer_Service;
end
default:begin
ticket_WaitingCustomers <= ticket_WaitingCustomers;
ticket_ServiceType <= ticket_ServiceType;
end
endcase
end
DISPLAY:begin
case(officer_ButtonPress_reg)
Officer1:begin
Desknum <= 2'd0;
if(queuingNumber[0]>0)begin
queuingNumber[0]<=queuingNumber[0]-1'b1;
Tickernum <= Tickernum + 1'b1;
end
else if(queuingNumber[1]>0)begin
queuingNumber[1]<=queuingNumber[1]-1'b1;
Tickernum <= Tickernum + 1'b1;
end
else if(queuingNumber[2]>0)begin
queuingNumber[2]<=queuingNumber[2]-1'b1;
Tickernum <= Tickernum + 1'b1;
end
else begin
Tickernum <= Tickernum;
end
end
Officer2:begin
Desknum <= 2'd1;
if(queuingNumber[1]>0)begin
queuingNumber[1]<=queuingNumber[1]-1'b1;
Tickernum <= Tickernum + 1'b1;
end
else if(queuingNumber[2]>0)begin
queuingNumber[2]<=queuingNumber[2]-1'b1;
Tickernum <= Tickernum + 1'b1;
end
else if(queuingNumber[2]>0)begin
queuingNumber[0]<=queuingNumber[0]-1'b1;
Tickernum <= Tickernum + 1'b1;
end
else begin
Tickernum <= Tickernum;
end
end
Officer3:begin
Desknum <= 2'd2;
if(queuingNumber[2]>0)begin
queuingNumber[2]<=queuingNumber[2]-1'b1;
Tickernum <= Tickernum + 1'b1;
end
else if(queuingNumber[0]>0)begin
queuingNumber[0]<=queuingNumber[0]-1'b1;
Tickernum <= Tickernum + 1'b1;
end
else if(queuingNumber[1]>0)begin
queuingNumber[1]<=queuingNumber[1]-1'b1;
Tickernum <= Tickernum + 1'b1;
end
else begin
Tickernum <= Tickernum;
end
end
Officer4:begin
if(queuingNumber[0]>0)begin
queuingNumber[0]<=queuingNumber[0]-1'b1;
Tickernum <= Tickernum + 1'b1;
end
else if(queuingNumber[2]>0)begin
queuingNumber[2]<=queuingNumber[2]-1'b1;
Tickernum <= Tickernum + 1'b1;
end
else if(queuingNumber[2]>0)begin
queuingNumber[1]<=queuingNumber[1]-1'b1;
Tickernum <= Tickernum + 1'b1;
end
else begin
Tickernum <= Tickernum;
end
end
default:begin
Tickernum <= Tickernum;
Desknum <= Desknum;
end
endcase
end
endcase
end
end
endmodule
module tb_BankTicketMachineFSM;
// Inputs
reg clk;
reg rst_n;
reg [2:0] service_ButtonPress;
reg [3:0] officer_ButtonPress;
// Outputs
wire [6:0] Tickernum;
wire [1:0] Desknum;
wire [15:0] ticket_WaitingCustomers;
wire [2:0] ticket_ServiceType;
// Instantiate the module under test
BankTicketMachineFSM dut (
.clk(clk),
.rst_n(rst_n),
.service_ButtonPress(service_ButtonPress),
.officer_ButtonPress(officer_ButtonPress),
.Tickernum(Tickernum),
.Desknum(Desknum),
.ticket_WaitingCustomers(ticket_WaitingCustomers),
.ticket_ServiceType(ticket_ServiceType)
);
// Clock generation
always begin
#5 clk = ~clk;
end
// Reset generation
initial begin
clk = 0;
rst_n = 0;
service_ButtonPress = 0;
officer_ButtonPress = 0;
#10 rst_n = 1;
end
// Stimulus
initial begin
// First state is IDLE
// No button press, so outputs should remain at their initial values
// Wait for some time
#20;
// Press general services button
service_ButtonPress = 3'b001;
#20;
// Press general services button again
service_ButtonPress = 3'b001;
#20;
// Press general services button again
service_ButtonPress = 3'b001;
#20;
// Press general services button again
service_ButtonPress = 3'b001;
#20;
// Press loan services button
service_ButtonPress = 3'b010;
#20;
// Press loan services button again
service_ButtonPress = 3'b010;
#20;
// Press coustemer service button
service_ButtonPress = 3'b100;
#20;
// Press coustemer service button again
service_ButtonPress = 3'b100;
// Wait for some time
#20;
service_ButtonPress = 3'b000;
// Press officer 1 button
officer_ButtonPress = 4'b0001;
// Wait for some time
#20;
// Press officer 1 button
officer_ButtonPress = 4'b0001;
// Wait for some time
#20;
// Press officer 2 button
officer_ButtonPress = 4'b0010;
// Wait for some time
#20;
// Press officer 2 button
officer_ButtonPress = 4'b0010;
// Wait for some time
#20;
// Press officer 3 button
officer_ButtonPress = 4'b0100;
// Wait for some time
#20;
// Press officer 4 button
officer_ButtonPress = 4'b1000;
// Wait for some time
#20;
// Press no button
officer_ButtonPress = 4'b0000;
// Wait for some time
#20;
end
endmodule