Revert "Remove partition strategy migration and remaining bits (#31795)"

[martykulma]

This reverts commit 2006929 as we need to support upgrade from v0.130.4.

I ran nightly, there were a few failures, but they don't appear to be related to this change. The scalability test failed in SelectStarWorkload.

Motivation

breaks the requirement that Materialize can be upgraded from LTS release

Checklist

• This PR has adequate test coverage / QA involvement has been duly considered. (trigger-ci for additional test/nightly runs)
• This PR has an associated up-to-date design doc, is a design doc (template), or is sufficiently small to not require a design.
• If this PR evolves an existing $T ⇔ Proto$T mapping (possibly in a backwards-incompatible way), then it is tagged with a T-proto label.
• If this PR will require changes to cloud orchestration or tests, there is a companion cloud PR to account for those changes that is tagged with the release-blocker label (example).
• If this PR includes major user-facing behavior changes, I have pinged the relevant PM to schedule a changelog post.

[aljoscha]

Does what it says on the tin! 👍

Do you want to retry this later, say figure out why tests failed and then try and merge an updated version of the change?

[martykulma]

thanks @aljoscha !!

Do you want to retry this later, say figure out why tests failed and then try and merge an updated version of the change?

It looks like there were 3 failures, but 2 of them require supporting upgrade from 130.

1. upgrade from LTS (v0.130)
   I introduced a change to remove most of the PARTITION STRATEGY syntax as well as migrate the catalog entries in v0.135. As long as we support upgrading from a version before that, my understanding is that I cannot remove the code that's in this PR.

2. legacy upgrade tests
   Looking at the logs, these actually upgrade from the previous version (v0.136) AND from LTS version (v0.130). So they run into the same issue issue as 1 above.

3. testdrive migration tests
   I missed some tests in testdrive-old-kafka-src-syntax that needed a skip-if because the error changed. Easy to fix.