[Transformation] Preserve phase and wire SSA through apply specialization

[cabreraam]

Warning

This PR depends on #4976, #5022, #5044, #5058, #5062, and #5066, so it shouldn't be reviewed until each of those PRs has been upstreamed.

Summary

Implementsstructural hardening for phase tracking through quake.apply specialization.

This preserves phase behavior when apply specialization creates controlled, adjoint, and controlled-adjoint variants, including wire-valued kernels.

Changes

• Preserve operation-result SSA uses when cloning specialized quantum operations before erasing the original operation.

  • This is a no-op for reference-form gates.
  • It is required for !quake.wire, where each gate produces the successor
    wire value consumed by the next gate.

• Add wire-aware adjoint specialization.

  • Rebuilds straight-line wire dataflow backward from function results to function arguments.
  • Reverses gate order while preserving wire use-def chains.
  • Inverts quake.phase by negating its angle.
  • Inverts non-Hermitian physical gates by toggling is_adj, preserving parameter tuples for gates such as u3 and phased_rx.
  • Preserves controls-then-targets wire-result ordering.

• Harden controlled specialization around surviving ordinary quantum calls.

  • Diagnose direct and transitive quantum func.call chains that would otherwise bypass the newly added control predicate.
  • This makes the required pipeline ordering explicit: inline quantum calls before apply specialization when control specialization is needed.

• Cover nested applies, adjoints, multiple controls, existing negative control predicates, structured reference-form control flow, recursion, and wire result threading.

Test coverage

• apply-phase-wire.qke

  • Forward, controlled, adjoint, and controlled-adjoint wire variants.
  • Wire SSA threading through phase and control/target results.
  • Parameterized physical-gate adjoints and wire-control ordering.

• apply-phase-structural.qke

  • Nested apply specialization.
  • Multiple outer controls plus an existing negative inner control.
  • Adjoint reversal through cc.if and monotonic loops.
  • Recursive controlled specialization.
  • Aggressive-inlining coverage.

• apply-phase-call-error.qke

  • Expected diagnostics for unsupported direct and transitive quantum func.call paths.

• apply_ctrl_veq_type.qke

  • Regression coverage for constant propagation, !quake.veq type specialization, inlining, and controlled specialization.

[github-actions]

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