Add Sieve of Eratosthenes

[vstrimaitis]

Add the code for the sieve of Eratosthenes algorithm.
The code should be placed under /code/mathematical-algorithms/sieve_of_eratosthenes.

[vstrimaitis]

Added the first implementation in C++: #91

[aruna09]

Can I work on the java version for this??

[AdiChat]

Sure. Go ahead.

Contribution guidelines

[philipyoo]

Added a Javascript implementation here: #117

[Jecoms]

I'll add a C# version.

[druzmieres]

I can work on the Go version of this.
Done: #124

[aruna09]

added the java version #153

[setupminimal]

I'd like to add a Haskell version when I get home tonight.

[AdiChat]

Sure @setupminimal 👍