PHPOffice · oleibman · Dec 2, 2025 · Nov 28, 2025 · Nov 29, 2025 · Dec 1, 2025
diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org). Thia is a
 
 ### Fixed
 
-- Nothing yet.
+- CODE/UNICODE and CHAR/UNICHAR. [PR #4727](https://github.com/PHPOffice/PhpSpreadsheet/pull/4727)
 
 ## 2025-11-24 - 5.3.0
 

diff --git a/docs/references/function-list-by-category.md b/docs/references/function-list-by-category.md
@@ -569,8 +569,8 @@ THAINUMSOUND             | **Not yet Implemented**
 THAINUMSTRING            | **Not yet Implemented**
 THAISTRINGLENGTH         | **Not yet Implemented**
 TRIM                     | \PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Calculation\TextData\Trim::spaces
-UNICHAR                  | \PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Calculation\TextData\CharacterConvert::character
-UNICODE                  | \PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Calculation\TextData\CharacterConvert::code
+UNICHAR                  | \PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Calculation\TextData\CharacterConvert::characterUnicode
+UNICODE                  | \PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Calculation\TextData\CharacterConvert::codeUnicode
 UPPER                    | \PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Calculation\TextData\CaseConvert::upper
 VALUE                    | \PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Calculation\TextData\Format::VALUE
 VALUETOTEXT              | \PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Calculation\TextData\Format::valueToText

diff --git a/docs/references/function-list-by-name-compact.md b/docs/references/function-list-by-name-compact.md
@@ -599,8 +599,8 @@ TYPE                     | INFORMATION           | Information\Value::type
 
 Excel Function           | Category              | PhpSpreadsheet Function
 -------------------------|-----------------------|--------------------------------------
-UNICHAR                  | TEXT_AND_DATA         | TextData\CharacterConvert::character
-UNICODE                  | TEXT_AND_DATA         | TextData\CharacterConvert::code
+UNICHAR                  | TEXT_AND_DATA         | TextData\CharacterConvert::characterUnicode
+UNICODE                  | TEXT_AND_DATA         | TextData\CharacterConvert::codeUnicode
 UNIQUE                   | LOOKUP_AND_REFERENCE  | LookupRef\Unique::unique
 UPPER                    | TEXT_AND_DATA         | TextData\CaseConvert::upper
 USDOLLAR                 | FINANCIAL             | Financial\Dollar::format

diff --git a/docs/references/function-list-by-name.md b/docs/references/function-list-by-name.md
@@ -595,8 +595,8 @@ TYPE                     | CATEGORY_INFORMATION           | \PhpOffice\PhpSpread
 
 Excel Function           | Category                       | PhpSpreadsheet Function
 -------------------------|--------------------------------|--------------------------------------
-UNICHAR                  | CATEGORY_TEXT_AND_DATA         | \PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Calculation\TextData\CharacterConvert::character
-UNICODE                  | CATEGORY_TEXT_AND_DATA         | \PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Calculation\TextData\CharacterConvert::code
+UNICHAR                  | CATEGORY_TEXT_AND_DATA         | \PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Calculation\TextData\CharacterConvert::characterUnicode
+UNICODE                  | CATEGORY_TEXT_AND_DATA         | \PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Calculation\TextData\CharacterConvert::codeUnicode
 UNIQUE                   | CATEGORY_LOOKUP_AND_REFERENCE  | \PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Calculation\LookupRef\Unique::unique
 UPPER                    | CATEGORY_TEXT_AND_DATA         | \PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Calculation\TextData\CaseConvert::upper
 USDOLLAR                 | CATEGORY_FINANCIAL             | \PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Calculation\Financial\Dollar::format

diff --git a/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Calculation/FunctionArray.php b/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Calculation/FunctionArray.php
@@ -2496,12 +2496,12 @@ class FunctionArray extends CalculationBase
         ],
         'UNICHAR' => [
             'category' => Category::CATEGORY_TEXT_AND_DATA,
-            'functionCall' => [TextData\CharacterConvert::class, 'character'],
+            'functionCall' => [TextData\CharacterConvert::class, 'characterUnicode'],
             'argumentCount' => '1',
         ],
         'UNICODE' => [
             'category' => Category::CATEGORY_TEXT_AND_DATA,
-            'functionCall' => [TextData\CharacterConvert::class, 'code'],
+            'functionCall' => [TextData\CharacterConvert::class, 'codeUnicode'],
             'argumentCount' => '1',
         ],
         'UNIQUE' => [

diff --git a/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Calculation/TextData/CharacterConvert.php b/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Calculation/TextData/CharacterConvert.php
@@ -6,11 +6,14 @@
 use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Calculation\Exception as CalcExp;
 use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Calculation\Functions;
 use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Calculation\Information\ExcelError;
+use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Shared\StringHelper;
 
 class CharacterConvert
 {
     use ArrayEnabled;
 
+    private static string $oneByteCharacterSet = 'Windows-1252';
+
     /**
      * CHAR.
      *
@@ -27,19 +30,45 @@ public static function character(mixed $character): array|string
             return self::evaluateSingleArgumentArray([self::class, __FUNCTION__], $character);
         }
 
+        return self::characterBoth($character, true);
+    }
+
+    /** @return array<mixed>|string */
+    public static function characterUnicode(mixed $character): array|string
+    {
+        if (is_array($character)) {
+            return self::evaluateSingleArgumentArray([self::class, __FUNCTION__], $character);
+        }
+
+        return self::characterBoth($character, false);
+    }
+
+    private static function characterBoth(mixed $character, bool $ansi = true): string
+    {
         try {
             $character = Helpers::validateInt($character, true);
         } catch (CalcExp $e) {
             return $e->getMessage();
         }
 
+        if ($ansi && $character === 219 && self::$oneByteCharacterSet[0] === 'M') {
+            return '€';
+        }
+
         $min = Functions::getCompatibilityMode() === Functions::COMPATIBILITY_OPENOFFICE ? 0 : 1;
-        if ($character < $min || $character > 255) {
+        if ($character < $min || ($ansi && $character > 255) || $character > 0x10FFFF) {
             return ExcelError::VALUE();
         }
-        $result = iconv('UCS-4LE', 'UTF-8', pack('V', $character));
+        if ($character > 0x10FFFD) { // last assigned
+            return ExcelError::NA();
+        }
+        if ($ansi) {
+            $result = chr($character);
 
-        return ($result === false) ? '' : $result;
+            return (string) iconv(self::$oneByteCharacterSet, 'UTF-8//IGNORE', $result);
+        }
+
+        return mb_chr($character, 'UTF-8');
     }
 
     /**
@@ -57,7 +86,28 @@ public static function code(mixed $characters): array|string|int
         if (is_array($characters)) {
             return self::evaluateSingleArgumentArray([self::class, __FUNCTION__], $characters);
         }
+        if (is_bool($characters) && Functions::getCompatibilityMode() === Functions::COMPATIBILITY_OPENOFFICE) {
+            $characters = $characters ? '1' : '0';
+        }
 
+        return self::codeBoth(StringHelper::convertToString($characters, convertBool: true), true);
+    }
+
+    /** @return array<mixed>|int|string */
+    public static function codeUnicode(mixed $characters): array|string|int
+    {
+        if (is_array($characters)) {
+            return self::evaluateSingleArgumentArray([self::class, __FUNCTION__], $characters);
+        }
+        if (is_bool($characters) && Functions::getCompatibilityMode() === Functions::COMPATIBILITY_OPENOFFICE) {
+            $characters = $characters ? '1' : '0';
+        }
+
+        return self::codeBoth(StringHelper::convertToString($characters, convertBool: true), false);
+    }
+
+    private static function codeBoth(string $characters, bool $ansi = true): int|string
+    {
         try {
             $characters = Helpers::extractString($characters, true);
         } catch (CalcExp $e) {
@@ -72,22 +122,27 @@ public static function code(mixed $characters): array|string|int
         if (mb_strlen($characters, 'UTF-8') > 1) {
             $character = mb_substr($characters, 0, 1, 'UTF-8');
         }
+        if ($ansi && $character === '€' && self::$oneByteCharacterSet[0] === 'M') {
+            return 219;
+        }
+
+        $result = mb_ord($character, 'UTF-8');
+        if ($ansi) {
+            $result = iconv('UTF-8', self::$oneByteCharacterSet . '//IGNORE', $character);
+
+            return ($result !== '') ? ord("$result") : 63; // question mark
+        }
 
-        return self::unicodeToOrd($character);
+        return $result;
     }
 
-    private static function unicodeToOrd(string $character): int
+    public static function setWindowsCharacterSet(): void
     {
-        $retVal = 0;
-        $iconv = iconv('UTF-8', 'UCS-4LE', $character);
-        if ($iconv !== false) {
-            /** @var false|int[] */
-            $result = unpack('V', $iconv);
-            if (is_array($result) && isset($result[1])) {
-                $retVal = $result[1];
-            }
-        }
+        self::$oneByteCharacterSet = 'Windows-1252';
+    }
 
-        return $retVal;
+    public static function setMacCharacterSet(): void
+    {
+        self::$oneByteCharacterSet = 'MAC';
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/PhpSpreadsheetTests/Calculation/Functions/TextData/CharTest.php b/tests/PhpSpreadsheetTests/Calculation/Functions/TextData/CharTest.php
@@ -5,13 +5,46 @@
 namespace PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheetTests\Calculation\Functions\TextData;
 
 use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Calculation\Calculation;
+use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Calculation\TextData\CharacterConvert as CC;
 use PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\DataProvider;
 
 class CharTest extends AllSetupTeardown
 {
+    protected function tearDown(): void
+    {
+        parent::tearDown();
+        CC::setWindowsCharacterSet();
+    }
+
     #[DataProvider('providerCHAR')]
     public function testCHAR(mixed $expectedResult, mixed $character = 'omitted'): void
     {
+        // If expected is array, 1st is for CHAR, 2nd for UNICHAR,
+        // 3rd is for Mac CHAR if different from Windows.
+        if (is_array($expectedResult)) {
+            $expectedResult = $expectedResult[0];
+        }
+        $this->mightHaveException($expectedResult);
+        $sheet = $this->getSheet();
+        if ($character === 'omitted') {
+            $sheet->getCell('B1')->setValue('=CHAR()');
+        } else {
+            $this->setCell('A1', $character);
+            $sheet->getCell('B1')->setValue('=CHAR(A1)');
+        }
+        $result = $sheet->getCell('B1')->getCalculatedValue();
+        self::assertEquals($expectedResult, $result);
+    }
+
+    #[DataProvider('providerCHAR')]
+    public function testMacCHAR(mixed $expectedResult, mixed $character = 'omitted'): void
+    {
+        CC::setMacCharacterSet();
+        // If expected is array, 1st is for CHAR, 2nd for UNICHAR,
+        // 3rd is for Mac CHAR if different from Windows.
+        if (is_array($expectedResult)) {
+            $expectedResult = $expectedResult[2] ?? $expectedResult[0];
+        }
         $this->mightHaveException($expectedResult);
         $sheet = $this->getSheet();
         if ($character === 'omitted') {

diff --git a/tests/PhpSpreadsheetTests/Calculation/Functions/TextData/CodeTest.php b/tests/PhpSpreadsheetTests/Calculation/Functions/TextData/CodeTest.php
@@ -5,13 +5,46 @@
 namespace PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheetTests\Calculation\Functions\TextData;
 
 use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Calculation\Calculation;
+use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Calculation\TextData\CharacterConvert as CC;
 use PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\DataProvider;
 
 class CodeTest extends AllSetupTeardown
 {
+    protected function tearDown(): void
+    {
+        parent::tearDown();
+        CC::setWindowsCharacterSet();
+    }
+
     #[DataProvider('providerCODE')]
     public function testCODE(mixed $expectedResult, mixed $character = 'omitted'): void
     {
+        // If expected is array, 1st is for CODE, 2nd for UNICODE,
+        // 3rd is for Mac CODE if different from Windows.
+        if (is_array($expectedResult)) {
+            $expectedResult = $expectedResult[0];
+        }
+        $this->mightHaveException($expectedResult);
+        $sheet = $this->getSheet();
+        if ($character === 'omitted') {
+            $sheet->getCell('B1')->setValue('=CODE()');
+        } else {
+            $this->setCell('A1', $character);
+            $sheet->getCell('B1')->setValue('=CODE(A1)');
+        }
+        $result = $sheet->getCell('B1')->getCalculatedValue();
+        self::assertEquals($expectedResult, $result);
+    }
+
+    #[DataProvider('providerCODE')]
+    public function testMacCODE(mixed $expectedResult, mixed $character = 'omitted'): void
+    {
+        CC::setMacCharacterSet();
+        // If expected is array, 1st is for CODE, 2nd for UNICODE,
+        // 3rd is for Mac CODE if different from Windows.
+        if (is_array($expectedResult)) {
+            $expectedResult = $expectedResult[2] ?? $expectedResult[0];
+        }
         $this->mightHaveException($expectedResult);
         $sheet = $this->getSheet();
         if ($character === 'omitted') {

diff --git a/tests/PhpSpreadsheetTests/Calculation/Functions/TextData/OpenOfficeTest.php b/tests/PhpSpreadsheetTests/Calculation/Functions/TextData/OpenOfficeTest.php
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ public function testOpenOffice(mixed $expectedResult, string $formula): void
         $sheet = $this->getSheet();
         $this->setCell('A1', $formula);
         $result = $sheet->getCell('A1')->getCalculatedValue();
-        self::assertEquals($expectedResult, $result);
+        self::assertSame($expectedResult, $result);
     }
 
     public static function providerOpenOffice(): array

diff --git a/tests/PhpSpreadsheetTests/Calculation/Functions/TextData/UnicharTest.php b/tests/PhpSpreadsheetTests/Calculation/Functions/TextData/UnicharTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheetTests\Calculation\Functions\TextData;
+
+use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Calculation\Calculation;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\DataProvider;
+
+class UnicharTest extends AllSetupTeardown
+{
+    #[DataProvider('providerCHAR')]
+    public function testCHAR(mixed $expectedResult, mixed $character = 'omitted'): void
+    {
+        // If expected is array, 1st is for CHAR, 2nd for UNICHAR,
+        // 3rd is for Mac CHAR if different from Windows.
+        if (is_array($expectedResult)) {
+            $expectedResult = $expectedResult[1];
+        }
+        $this->mightHaveException($expectedResult);
+        $sheet = $this->getSheet();
+        if ($character === 'omitted') {
+            $sheet->getCell('B1')->setValue('=UNICHAR()');
+        } else {
+            $this->setCell('A1', $character);
+            $sheet->getCell('B1')->setValue('=UNICHAR(A1)');
+        }
+        $result = $sheet->getCell('B1')->getCalculatedValue();
+        self::assertEquals($expectedResult, $result);
+    }
+
+    public static function providerCHAR(): array
+    {
+        return require 'tests/data/Calculation/TextData/CHAR.php';
+    }
+
+    /** @param mixed[] $expectedResult */
+    #[DataProvider('providerCharArray')]
+    public function testCharArray(array $expectedResult, string $array): void
+    {
+        $calculation = Calculation::getInstance();
+
+        $formula = "=UNICHAR({$array})";
+        $result = $calculation->calculateFormula($formula);
+        self::assertSame($expectedResult, $result);
+    }
+
+    public static function providerCharArray(): array
+    {
+        return [
+            'row vector' => [[['P', 'H', 'P']], '{80, 72, 80}'],
+            'column vector' => [[['P'], ['H'], ['P']], '{80; 72; 80}'],
+            'matrix' => [[['Y', 'o'], ['l', 'o']], '{89, 111; 108, 111}'],
+        ];
+    }
+}