pagmoNet v1.0.0

Release Notes

v1.0.0

First stable release of the PagmoNet family — C# (Pagmo.NET) and Java/Kotlin (PagmoNet4j)
bindings for pagmo2, built from one shared SWIG + native layer.

Highlights

• Deferred-load IPOPT (MPL base, EPL companion). The base packages contain the ipopt
  algorithm but link no IPOPT — it loads libipopt at runtime via dlopen/LoadLibrary, so the
  base stays MPL-2.0 and EPL-free (NLopt is statically included under LGPL). Add the
  Pagmo.NET.Ipopt / pagmonet4j-ipopt EPL-2.0 companion to bundle a libipopt for every
  platform, install one system-wide, or point PAGMONET_IPOPT_LIBRARY at your own. Without one,
  ipopt degrades gracefully — check OptionalSolverAvailability.IsIpoptAvailable /
  isIpoptAvailable().
• Cross-language parity. The C# and Java/Kotlin APIs are kept deliberately close (pagmo's
  snake_case names are identical across both). Both expose typed structured logs for every
  wrapped algorithm (GetTypedLogLines() / getTypedLogLines()), the managed problem/algorithm
  (UDP/UDA) architecture, thread-safe and cloneable problems, archipelago migration policies, and a
  grid_search demonstration UDA. A "Porting from Pagmo.NET" guide lists the handful of C#→Java
  translate-time differences.
• Kotlin DSLs. pagmonet4j-kotlin provides idiomatic Kotlin over islands, archipelagos,
  problems, and algorithms, plus multi-objective utilities, hypervolume, and batch-fitness evaluation.
• Platforms. Windows x64, Linux x64, and macOS (arm64 + x86_64 universal). Native runtimes are
  bundled in every package — no separate installation on any supported platform.
• Reproducible release. The release pipeline regenerates the SWIG bindings and rebuilds the
  native layer the same way the build/test pipeline does (ship == test); a single version tag
  publishes all five packages in lockstep at one single-sourced version.
• Licensing. Base packages are MPL-2.0; the IPOPT companions are EPL-2.0. Each package ships the
  verbatim texts of its statically-linked third-party components (pagmo2 / NLopt LGPL, GPL, Boost,
  Intel TBB) plus a RELINKING.md describing the LGPL relink path. See LICENSING.md.

Breaking / Behavior Notes

• Archipelago topology validation. Setting a connected topology whose vertex count exceeds the
  archipelago's island count (e.g. new ring(8) on an archipelago that is not already 8 islands) now
  throws a clear error immediately, instead of failing later inside evolve() with a cryptic
  cannot access the migrants of the island. Set an empty topology on an empty archipelago and grow
  it with push_back, or size the topology to match the existing islands.
• No other breaking API changes from beta.6.

v1.0.0-beta.6

Highlights

macOS support

Windows x64, Linux x64, and macOS (arm64 + x86_64 universal binary) are all now supported.
CI builds on all three platforms. The NuGet package bundles the macOS universal binary at
runtimes/osx/native/. No additional installation required on macOS.

Archipelago and island resource cleanup fixes

• C#: archipelago.Dispose() now explicitly disposes per-island problem clones created
  for IThreadCloneableProblem users, instead of relying on GC finalization.
• Java: archipelago.close() now closes clone adapters on the same code path.
  island.close() removes its entry from the static constructionRoots map and closes
  the wrapped problem objects, eliminating a slow map-accumulation leak.

Orbital maneuver example

New maneuver scenario in both the C# and Java example runners: a 2-burn Hohmann-like
LEO→MEO transfer with SMA and eccentricity equality constraints solved via
cstrs_self_adaptive wrapping de. Demonstrates ManagedProblemBase.get_nec(),
constraint normalisation (SMA residual in km vs dimensionless eccentricity), and a
multi-seed retry loop for reliable stochastic convergence.

Constraint normalisation fix in ManeuverOptimizationProblem

SMA residual is now divided by 1000 before being returned as a fitness component, making
it dimensionless and comparable in scale to the eccentricity residual. Without this,
cstrs_self_adaptive ignored eccentricity because the SMA violation dominated by orders
of magnitude.

Breaking / Behavior Notes

No breaking changes from beta.2.

---

v1.0.0-beta.2

Highlights

Per-thread problem cloning (IThreadCloneableProblem)

Managed problems that declare ThreadSafety.None can now participate in threaded
execution paths (archipelago.push_back_island, thread_bfe) by implementing
IThreadCloneableProblem and overriding Clone() on ManagedProblemBase:

public override ThreadSafety get_thread_safety() => ThreadSafety.None;

public override IProblem Clone() => new MyProblem(); // fresh independent copy

Each island receives its own exclusive clone; thread_bfe creates one clone per OS
thread via managed_thread_bfe. Problems that return null from Clone() (the default)
continue to be rejected on threaded paths as before — the feature is fully opt-in.

IPOPT included in Windows build

The Windows NuGet package now includes IPOPT statically linked (via a vcpkg overlay port
that fixes LAPACK detection under the x64-windows-static-md triplet, with Intel MKL as
the BLAS/LAPACK backend to avoid the OpenBLAS DllMain conflict).
OptionalSolverAvailability.IsIpoptAvailable returns true out of the box on both
Windows and Linux.

NuGet package improvements

• Consumer-focused readme on NuGet.org (installation, quickstart, feature table).
• Package logo.
• --verbose flag added to the examples runner — prints algorithm logs after each scenario.

Breaking / Behavior Notes

No breaking changes from beta.1.

ManagedProblemBase now implements IThreadCloneableProblem with virtual Clone() => null.
Subclasses that previously had no Clone() method are unaffected.

---

v1.0.0-beta.1

Historical — superseded by v1.0.0. This entry describes the pre-release "superset"
model in which IPOPT was statically linked into the base and
OptionalSolverAvailability.IsIpoptAvailable returned true out of the box. As of
v1.0.0 the base links no IPOPT and loads libipopt at runtime via dlopen; IPOPT is
unavailable unless the Pagmo.NET.Ipopt companion (or a system/PAGMONET_IPOPT_LIBRARY
library) is present. The IPOPT rows in the environment matrix below reflect the old model.

Overview

First public beta of Pagmo.NET - a C# wrapper for pagmo2.
Targets Windows x64 and Linux x64. The managed library targets .NET 8 (consumers on .NET 8, 9, or 10 can reference it).

Highlights

Managed C# problem and algorithm extensibility

• Implement IProblem / ManagedProblemBase to define custom optimization problems in pure C#.
  Full lifecycle (fitness, bounds, gradients, hessians, batch evaluation, seed, thread safety)
  is supported, with exception-safe callback boundaries.
• Implement IAlgorithm to define custom optimization algorithms in pure C#. Managed algorithms
  participate in island and archipelago type-erased execution paths (evolve, wait, migrate).

Broad algorithm and problem coverage
All major pagmo algorithms are wrapped with typed extension helpers and log projections:
bee_colony, cmaes, compass_search, cstrs_self_adaptive, de, de1220, gaco,
gwo, ihs, maco, mbh, moead, moead_gen, nsga2, nspso, pso, pso_gen,
sade, sea, sga, simulated_annealing, xnes.

Optional/feature-gated solvers: ipopt, nlopt (build-dependent; availability is
asserted by tests). snopt7 is supported for users who build from source with their
own SNOPT7 license; see README for build instructions.

All built-in benchmark problems are wrapped: ackley, cec2006/2009/2013/2014, decompose,
dtlz, golomb_ruler, griewank, hock_schittkowski_71, inventory, lennard_jones,
luksan_vlcek1, minlp_rastrigin, null_problem, rastrigin, rosenbrock, schwefel,
translate, unconstrain, wfg, zdt.

Island and archipelago orchestration

• Full island and archipelago managed API with topology wrappers (ring, fully_connected,
  unconnected, free_form), migration type/handling controls, and island snapshot access.
• Managed replacement and selection policies: RPolicyCallback / SPolicyCallback base classes
  for custom policies, plus built-in fair_replace / select_best.

Batch fitness evaluators

• default_bfe, thread_bfe, member_bfe with safe managed-problem dispatch.

Multi-objective utilities

• non_dominated_front_2d, crowding_distance, sort_population_mo, select_best_N_mo,
  ideal, nadir, decompose_objectives, hypervolume and related APIs.

Runnable examples and docs

• Examples/Examples.Pagmo.NET: three teaching scenarios (single-island, archipelago topology,
  migration policies).
• docs/: concept-first walkthroughs linked to runnable example code.

Breaking / Behavior Notes

This is a first beta. No public stable API surface has been previously released.

C# naming conventions: bridge and enum types use PascalCase as idiomatic C#.
Pagmo-compatible snake_case is preserved for method names that mirror the pagmo C++ API
(e.g. get_bounds(), fitness(), evolve()).

Notable type renames from internal pre-release names:

• Enum types: ThreadSafety, EvolveStatus, MigrationType, MigrantHandling,
  SgaCrossover, SgaMutation, SgaSelection
• Bridge types: ProblemCallback, ManagedProblem, AlgorithmCallback, ManagedAlgorithm,
  RPolicyCallback, ManagedRPolicy, SPolicyCallback, ManagedSPolicy, NullProblemCallback

Known Limitations

• Thread-clone strategy - Resolved in beta.2 via IThreadCloneableProblem.

Supported Environment Matrix

Environment	Status
Windows x64...

pagmoNet v1.0.0-rc.7

Release Notes

v1.0.0

First stable release of the PagmoNet family — C# (Pagmo.NET) and Java/Kotlin (PagmoNet4j)
bindings for pagmo2, built from one shared SWIG + native layer.

Highlights

• Deferred-load IPOPT (MPL base, EPL companion). The base packages contain the ipopt
  algorithm but link no IPOPT — it loads libipopt at runtime via dlopen/LoadLibrary, so the
  base stays MPL-2.0 and EPL-free (NLopt is statically included under LGPL). Add the
  Pagmo.NET.Ipopt / pagmonet4j-ipopt EPL-2.0 companion to bundle a libipopt for every
  platform, install one system-wide, or point PAGMONET_IPOPT_LIBRARY at your own. Without one,
  ipopt degrades gracefully — check OptionalSolverAvailability.IsIpoptAvailable /
  isIpoptAvailable().
• Cross-language parity. The C# and Java/Kotlin APIs are kept deliberately close (pagmo's
  snake_case names are identical across both). Both expose typed structured logs for every
  wrapped algorithm (GetTypedLogLines() / getTypedLogLines()), the managed problem/algorithm
  (UDP/UDA) architecture, thread-safe and cloneable problems, archipelago migration policies, and a
  grid_search demonstration UDA. A "Porting from Pagmo.NET" guide lists the handful of C#→Java
  translate-time differences.
• Kotlin DSLs. pagmonet4j-kotlin provides idiomatic Kotlin over islands, archipelagos,
  problems, and algorithms, plus multi-objective utilities, hypervolume, and batch-fitness evaluation.
• Platforms. Windows x64, Linux x64, and macOS (arm64 + x86_64 universal). Native runtimes are
  bundled in every package — no separate installation on any supported platform.
• Reproducible release. The release pipeline regenerates the SWIG bindings and rebuilds the
  native layer the same way the build/test pipeline does (ship == test); a single version tag
  publishes all five packages in lockstep at one single-sourced version.
• Licensing. Base packages are MPL-2.0; the IPOPT companions are EPL-2.0. Each package ships the
  verbatim texts of its statically-linked third-party components (pagmo2 / NLopt LGPL, GPL, Boost,
  Intel TBB) plus a RELINKING.md describing the LGPL relink path. See LICENSING.md.

Breaking / Behavior Notes

• Archipelago topology validation. Setting a connected topology whose vertex count exceeds the
  archipelago's island count (e.g. new ring(8) on an archipelago that is not already 8 islands) now
  throws a clear error immediately, instead of failing later inside evolve() with a cryptic
  cannot access the migrants of the island. Set an empty topology on an empty archipelago and grow
  it with push_back, or size the topology to match the existing islands.
• No other breaking API changes from beta.6.

v1.0.0-beta.6

Highlights

macOS support

Windows x64, Linux x64, and macOS (arm64 + x86_64 universal binary) are all now supported.
CI builds on all three platforms. The NuGet package bundles the macOS universal binary at
runtimes/osx/native/. No additional installation required on macOS.

Archipelago and island resource cleanup fixes

• C#: archipelago.Dispose() now explicitly disposes per-island problem clones created
  for IThreadCloneableProblem users, instead of relying on GC finalization.
• Java: archipelago.close() now closes clone adapters on the same code path.
  island.close() removes its entry from the static constructionRoots map and closes
  the wrapped problem objects, eliminating a slow map-accumulation leak.

Orbital maneuver example

New maneuver scenario in both the C# and Java example runners: a 2-burn Hohmann-like
LEO→MEO transfer with SMA and eccentricity equality constraints solved via
cstrs_self_adaptive wrapping de. Demonstrates ManagedProblemBase.get_nec(),
constraint normalisation (SMA residual in km vs dimensionless eccentricity), and a
multi-seed retry loop for reliable stochastic convergence.

Constraint normalisation fix in ManeuverOptimizationProblem

SMA residual is now divided by 1000 before being returned as a fitness component, making
it dimensionless and comparable in scale to the eccentricity residual. Without this,
cstrs_self_adaptive ignored eccentricity because the SMA violation dominated by orders
of magnitude.

Breaking / Behavior Notes

No breaking changes from beta.2.

---

v1.0.0-beta.2

Highlights

Per-thread problem cloning (IThreadCloneableProblem)

Managed problems that declare ThreadSafety.None can now participate in threaded
execution paths (archipelago.push_back_island, thread_bfe) by implementing
IThreadCloneableProblem and overriding Clone() on ManagedProblemBase:

public override ThreadSafety get_thread_safety() => ThreadSafety.None;

public override IProblem Clone() => new MyProblem(); // fresh independent copy

Each island receives its own exclusive clone; thread_bfe creates one clone per OS
thread via managed_thread_bfe. Problems that return null from Clone() (the default)
continue to be rejected on threaded paths as before — the feature is fully opt-in.

IPOPT included in Windows build

The Windows NuGet package now includes IPOPT statically linked (via a vcpkg overlay port
that fixes LAPACK detection under the x64-windows-static-md triplet, with Intel MKL as
the BLAS/LAPACK backend to avoid the OpenBLAS DllMain conflict).
OptionalSolverAvailability.IsIpoptAvailable returns true out of the box on both
Windows and Linux.

NuGet package improvements

• Consumer-focused readme on NuGet.org (installation, quickstart, feature table).
• Package logo.
• --verbose flag added to the examples runner — prints algorithm logs after each scenario.

Breaking / Behavior Notes

No breaking changes from beta.1.

ManagedProblemBase now implements IThreadCloneableProblem with virtual Clone() => null.
Subclasses that previously had no Clone() method are unaffected.

---

v1.0.0-beta.1

Historical — superseded by v1.0.0. This entry describes the pre-release "superset"
model in which IPOPT was statically linked into the base and
OptionalSolverAvailability.IsIpoptAvailable returned true out of the box. As of
v1.0.0 the base links no IPOPT and loads libipopt at runtime via dlopen; IPOPT is
unavailable unless the Pagmo.NET.Ipopt companion (or a system/PAGMONET_IPOPT_LIBRARY
library) is present. The IPOPT rows in the environment matrix below reflect the old model.

Overview

First public beta of Pagmo.NET - a C# wrapper for pagmo2.
Targets Windows x64 and Linux x64. The managed library targets .NET 8 (consumers on .NET 8, 9, or 10 can reference it).

Highlights

Managed C# problem and algorithm extensibility

• Implement IProblem / ManagedProblemBase to define custom optimization problems in pure C#.
  Full lifecycle (fitness, bounds, gradients, hessians, batch evaluation, seed, thread safety)
  is supported, with exception-safe callback boundaries.
• Implement IAlgorithm to define custom optimization algorithms in pure C#. Managed algorithms
  participate in island and archipelago type-erased execution paths (evolve, wait, migrate).

Broad algorithm and problem coverage
All major pagmo algorithms are wrapped with typed extension helpers and log projections:
bee_colony, cmaes, compass_search, cstrs_self_adaptive, de, de1220, gaco,
gwo, ihs, maco, mbh, moead, moead_gen, nsga2, nspso, pso, pso_gen,
sade, sea, sga, simulated_annealing, xnes.

Optional/feature-gated solvers: ipopt, nlopt (build-dependent; availability is
asserted by tests). snopt7 is supported for users who build from source with their
own SNOPT7 license; see README for build instructions.

All built-in benchmark problems are wrapped: ackley, cec2006/2009/2013/2014, decompose,
dtlz, golomb_ruler, griewank, hock_schittkowski_71, inventory, lennard_jones,
luksan_vlcek1, minlp_rastrigin, null_problem, rastrigin, rosenbrock, schwefel,
translate, unconstrain, wfg, zdt.

Island and archipelago orchestration

• Full island and archipelago managed API with topology wrappers (ring, fully_connected,
  unconnected, free_form), migration type/handling controls, and island snapshot access.
• Managed replacement and selection policies: RPolicyCallback / SPolicyCallback base classes
  for custom policies, plus built-in fair_replace / select_best.

Batch fitness evaluators

• default_bfe, thread_bfe, member_bfe with safe managed-problem dispatch.

Multi-objective utilities

• non_dominated_front_2d, crowding_distance, sort_population_mo, select_best_N_mo,
  ideal, nadir, decompose_objectives, hypervolume and related APIs.

Runnable examples and docs

• Examples/Examples.Pagmo.NET: three teaching scenarios (single-island, archipelago topology,
  migration policies).
• docs/: concept-first walkthroughs linked to runnable example code.

Breaking / Behavior Notes

This is a first beta. No public stable API surface has been previously released.

C# naming conventions: bridge and enum types use PascalCase as idiomatic C#.
Pagmo-compatible snake_case is preserved for method names that mirror the pagmo C++ API
(e.g. get_bounds(), fitness(), evolve()).

Notable type renames from internal pre-release names:

• Enum types: ThreadSafety, EvolveStatus, MigrationType, MigrantHandling,
  SgaCrossover, SgaMutation, SgaSelection
• Bridge types: ProblemCallback, ManagedProblem, AlgorithmCallback, ManagedAlgorithm,
  RPolicyCallback, ManagedRPolicy, SPolicyCallback, ManagedSPolicy, NullProblemCallback

Known Limitations

• Thread-clone strategy - Resolved in beta.2 via IThreadCloneableProblem.

Supported Environment Matrix

Environment	Status
Windows x64...

pagmoNet v1.0.0-rc.6

Release Notes

v1.0.0

First stable release of the PagmoNet family — C# (Pagmo.NET) and Java/Kotlin (PagmoNet4j)
bindings for pagmo2, built from one shared SWIG + native layer.

Highlights

• Deferred-load IPOPT (MPL base, EPL companion). The base packages contain the ipopt
  algorithm but link no IPOPT — it loads libipopt at runtime via dlopen/LoadLibrary, so the
  base stays MPL-2.0 and EPL-free (NLopt is statically included under LGPL). Add the
  Pagmo.NET.Ipopt / pagmonet4j-ipopt EPL-2.0 companion to bundle a libipopt for every
  platform, install one system-wide, or point PAGMONET_IPOPT_LIBRARY at your own. Without one,
  ipopt degrades gracefully — check OptionalSolverAvailability.IsIpoptAvailable /
  isIpoptAvailable().
• Cross-language parity. The C# and Java/Kotlin APIs are kept deliberately close (pagmo's
  snake_case names are identical across both). Both expose typed structured logs for every
  wrapped algorithm (GetTypedLogLines() / getTypedLogLines()), the managed problem/algorithm
  (UDP/UDA) architecture, thread-safe and cloneable problems, archipelago migration policies, and a
  grid_search demonstration UDA. A "Porting from Pagmo.NET" guide lists the handful of C#→Java
  translate-time differences.
• Kotlin DSLs. pagmonet4j-kotlin provides idiomatic Kotlin over islands, archipelagos,
  problems, and algorithms, plus multi-objective utilities, hypervolume, and batch-fitness evaluation.
• Platforms. Windows x64, Linux x64, and macOS (arm64 + x86_64 universal). Native runtimes are
  bundled in every package — no separate installation on any supported platform.
• Reproducible release. The release pipeline regenerates the SWIG bindings and rebuilds the
  native layer the same way the build/test pipeline does (ship == test); a single version tag
  publishes all five packages in lockstep at one single-sourced version.
• Licensing. Base packages are MPL-2.0; the IPOPT companions are EPL-2.0. Each package ships the
  verbatim texts of its statically-linked third-party components (pagmo2 / NLopt LGPL, GPL, Boost,
  Intel TBB) plus a RELINKING.md describing the LGPL relink path. See LICENSING.md.

Breaking / Behavior Notes

• Archipelago topology validation. Setting a connected topology whose vertex count exceeds the
  archipelago's island count (e.g. new ring(8) on an archipelago that is not already 8 islands) now
  throws a clear error immediately, instead of failing later inside evolve() with a cryptic
  cannot access the migrants of the island. Set an empty topology on an empty archipelago and grow
  it with push_back, or size the topology to match the existing islands.
• No other breaking API changes from beta.6.

v1.0.0-beta.6

Highlights

macOS support

Windows x64, Linux x64, and macOS (arm64 + x86_64 universal binary) are all now supported.
CI builds on all three platforms. The NuGet package bundles the macOS universal binary at
runtimes/osx/native/. No additional installation required on macOS.

Archipelago and island resource cleanup fixes

• C#: archipelago.Dispose() now explicitly disposes per-island problem clones created
  for IThreadCloneableProblem users, instead of relying on GC finalization.
• Java: archipelago.close() now closes clone adapters on the same code path.
  island.close() removes its entry from the static constructionRoots map and closes
  the wrapped problem objects, eliminating a slow map-accumulation leak.

Orbital maneuver example

New maneuver scenario in both the C# and Java example runners: a 2-burn Hohmann-like
LEO→MEO transfer with SMA and eccentricity equality constraints solved via
cstrs_self_adaptive wrapping de. Demonstrates ManagedProblemBase.get_nec(),
constraint normalisation (SMA residual in km vs dimensionless eccentricity), and a
multi-seed retry loop for reliable stochastic convergence.

Constraint normalisation fix in ManeuverOptimizationProblem

SMA residual is now divided by 1000 before being returned as a fitness component, making
it dimensionless and comparable in scale to the eccentricity residual. Without this,
cstrs_self_adaptive ignored eccentricity because the SMA violation dominated by orders
of magnitude.

Breaking / Behavior Notes

No breaking changes from beta.2.

---

v1.0.0-beta.2

Highlights

Per-thread problem cloning (IThreadCloneableProblem)

Managed problems that declare ThreadSafety.None can now participate in threaded
execution paths (archipelago.push_back_island, thread_bfe) by implementing
IThreadCloneableProblem and overriding Clone() on ManagedProblemBase:

public override ThreadSafety get_thread_safety() => ThreadSafety.None;

public override IProblem Clone() => new MyProblem(); // fresh independent copy

Each island receives its own exclusive clone; thread_bfe creates one clone per OS
thread via managed_thread_bfe. Problems that return null from Clone() (the default)
continue to be rejected on threaded paths as before — the feature is fully opt-in.

IPOPT included in Windows build

The Windows NuGet package now includes IPOPT statically linked (via a vcpkg overlay port
that fixes LAPACK detection under the x64-windows-static-md triplet, with Intel MKL as
the BLAS/LAPACK backend to avoid the OpenBLAS DllMain conflict).
OptionalSolverAvailability.IsIpoptAvailable returns true out of the box on both
Windows and Linux.

NuGet package improvements

• Consumer-focused readme on NuGet.org (installation, quickstart, feature table).
• Package logo.
• --verbose flag added to the examples runner — prints algorithm logs after each scenario.

Breaking / Behavior Notes

No breaking changes from beta.1.

ManagedProblemBase now implements IThreadCloneableProblem with virtual Clone() => null.
Subclasses that previously had no Clone() method are unaffected.

---

v1.0.0-beta.1

Historical — superseded by v1.0.0. This entry describes the pre-release "superset"
model in which IPOPT was statically linked into the base and
OptionalSolverAvailability.IsIpoptAvailable returned true out of the box. As of
v1.0.0 the base links no IPOPT and loads libipopt at runtime via dlopen; IPOPT is
unavailable unless the Pagmo.NET.Ipopt companion (or a system/PAGMONET_IPOPT_LIBRARY
library) is present. The IPOPT rows in the environment matrix below reflect the old model.

Overview

First public beta of Pagmo.NET - a C# wrapper for pagmo2.
Targets Windows x64 and Linux x64. The managed library targets .NET 8 (consumers on .NET 8, 9, or 10 can reference it).

Highlights

Managed C# problem and algorithm extensibility

• Implement IProblem / ManagedProblemBase to define custom optimization problems in pure C#.
  Full lifecycle (fitness, bounds, gradients, hessians, batch evaluation, seed, thread safety)
  is supported, with exception-safe callback boundaries.
• Implement IAlgorithm to define custom optimization algorithms in pure C#. Managed algorithms
  participate in island and archipelago type-erased execution paths (evolve, wait, migrate).

Broad algorithm and problem coverage
All major pagmo algorithms are wrapped with typed extension helpers and log projections:
bee_colony, cmaes, compass_search, cstrs_self_adaptive, de, de1220, gaco,
gwo, ihs, maco, mbh, moead, moead_gen, nsga2, nspso, pso, pso_gen,
sade, sea, sga, simulated_annealing, xnes.

Optional/feature-gated solvers: ipopt, nlopt (build-dependent; availability is
asserted by tests). snopt7 is supported for users who build from source with their
own SNOPT7 license; see README for build instructions.

All built-in benchmark problems are wrapped: ackley, cec2006/2009/2013/2014, decompose,
dtlz, golomb_ruler, griewank, hock_schittkowski_71, inventory, lennard_jones,
luksan_vlcek1, minlp_rastrigin, null_problem, rastrigin, rosenbrock, schwefel,
translate, unconstrain, wfg, zdt.

Island and archipelago orchestration

• Full island and archipelago managed API with topology wrappers (ring, fully_connected,
  unconnected, free_form), migration type/handling controls, and island snapshot access.
• Managed replacement and selection policies: RPolicyCallback / SPolicyCallback base classes
  for custom policies, plus built-in fair_replace / select_best.

Batch fitness evaluators

• default_bfe, thread_bfe, member_bfe with safe managed-problem dispatch.

Multi-objective utilities

• non_dominated_front_2d, crowding_distance, sort_population_mo, select_best_N_mo,
  ideal, nadir, decompose_objectives, hypervolume and related APIs.

Runnable examples and docs

• Examples/Examples.Pagmo.NET: three teaching scenarios (single-island, archipelago topology,
  migration policies).
• docs/: concept-first walkthroughs linked to runnable example code.

Breaking / Behavior Notes

This is a first beta. No public stable API surface has been previously released.

C# naming conventions: bridge and enum types use PascalCase as idiomatic C#.
Pagmo-compatible snake_case is preserved for method names that mirror the pagmo C++ API
(e.g. get_bounds(), fitness(), evolve()).

Notable type renames from internal pre-release names:

• Enum types: ThreadSafety, EvolveStatus, MigrationType, MigrantHandling,
  SgaCrossover, SgaMutation, SgaSelection
• Bridge types: ProblemCallback, ManagedProblem, AlgorithmCallback, ManagedAlgorithm,
  RPolicyCallback, ManagedRPolicy, SPolicyCallback, ManagedSPolicy, NullProblemCallback

Known Limitations

• Thread-clone strategy - Resolved in beta.2 via IThreadCloneableProblem.

Supported Environment Matrix

Environment	Status
Windows x64...

pagmoNet v1.0.0-rc.5

Release Notes

v1.0.0

First stable release.

Highlights

• Release pipeline regenerates SWIG bindings, so the published package is assembled the same way as the tested one (ship == test). A shared SWIG step is used by both the build and release workflows to prevent drift.
• Single-source version via Directory.Build.props — one <Version> for the whole package instead of per-csproj tags.
• Base Pagmo.NET includes the ipopt algorithm but links no IPOPT (it loads libipopt at runtime via dlopen), so the base stays MPL-2.0 and EPL-free. Add the Pagmo.NET.Ipopt companion package to supply a bundled libipopt, or bring your own via PAGMONET_IPOPT_LIBRARY. (NLopt is statically included.)

Breaking / Behavior Notes

No breaking API changes from beta.6.

v1.0.0-beta.6

Highlights

macOS support

Windows x64, Linux x64, and macOS (arm64 + x86_64 universal binary) are all now supported.
CI builds on all three platforms. The NuGet package bundles the macOS universal binary at
runtimes/osx/native/. No additional installation required on macOS.

Archipelago and island resource cleanup fixes

• C#: archipelago.Dispose() now explicitly disposes per-island problem clones created
  for IThreadCloneableProblem users, instead of relying on GC finalization.
• Java: archipelago.close() now closes clone adapters on the same code path.
  island.close() removes its entry from the static constructionRoots map and closes
  the wrapped problem objects, eliminating a slow map-accumulation leak.

Orbital maneuver example

New maneuver scenario in both the C# and Java example runners: a 2-burn Hohmann-like
LEO→MEO transfer with SMA and eccentricity equality constraints solved via
cstrs_self_adaptive wrapping de. Demonstrates ManagedProblemBase.get_nec(),
constraint normalisation (SMA residual in km vs dimensionless eccentricity), and a
multi-seed retry loop for reliable stochastic convergence.

Constraint normalisation fix in ManeuverOptimizationProblem

SMA residual is now divided by 1000 before being returned as a fitness component, making
it dimensionless and comparable in scale to the eccentricity residual. Without this,
cstrs_self_adaptive ignored eccentricity because the SMA violation dominated by orders
of magnitude.

Breaking / Behavior Notes

No breaking changes from beta.2.

---

v1.0.0-beta.2

Highlights

Per-thread problem cloning (IThreadCloneableProblem)

Managed problems that declare ThreadSafety.None can now participate in threaded
execution paths (archipelago.push_back_island, thread_bfe) by implementing
IThreadCloneableProblem and overriding Clone() on ManagedProblemBase:

public override ThreadSafety get_thread_safety() => ThreadSafety.None;

public override IProblem Clone() => new MyProblem(); // fresh independent copy

Each island receives its own exclusive clone; thread_bfe creates one clone per OS
thread via managed_thread_bfe. Problems that return null from Clone() (the default)
continue to be rejected on threaded paths as before — the feature is fully opt-in.

IPOPT included in Windows build

The Windows NuGet package now includes IPOPT statically linked (via a vcpkg overlay port
that fixes LAPACK detection under the x64-windows-static-md triplet, with Intel MKL as
the BLAS/LAPACK backend to avoid the OpenBLAS DllMain conflict).
OptionalSolverAvailability.IsIpoptAvailable returns true out of the box on both
Windows and Linux.

NuGet package improvements

• Consumer-focused readme on NuGet.org (installation, quickstart, feature table).
• Package logo.
• --verbose flag added to the examples runner — prints algorithm logs after each scenario.

Breaking / Behavior Notes

No breaking changes from beta.1.

ManagedProblemBase now implements IThreadCloneableProblem with virtual Clone() => null.
Subclasses that previously had no Clone() method are unaffected.

---

v1.0.0-beta.1

Historical — superseded by v1.0.0. This entry describes the pre-release "superset"
model in which IPOPT was statically linked into the base and
OptionalSolverAvailability.IsIpoptAvailable returned true out of the box. As of
v1.0.0 the base links no IPOPT and loads libipopt at runtime via dlopen; IPOPT is
unavailable unless the Pagmo.NET.Ipopt companion (or a system/PAGMONET_IPOPT_LIBRARY
library) is present. The IPOPT rows in the environment matrix below reflect the old model.

Overview

First public beta of Pagmo.NET - a C# wrapper for pagmo2.
Targets Windows x64 and Linux x64. The managed library targets .NET 8 (consumers on .NET 8, 9, or 10 can reference it).

Highlights

Managed C# problem and algorithm extensibility

• Implement IProblem / ManagedProblemBase to define custom optimization problems in pure C#.
  Full lifecycle (fitness, bounds, gradients, hessians, batch evaluation, seed, thread safety)
  is supported, with exception-safe callback boundaries.
• Implement IAlgorithm to define custom optimization algorithms in pure C#. Managed algorithms
  participate in island and archipelago type-erased execution paths (evolve, wait, migrate).

Broad algorithm and problem coverage
All major pagmo algorithms are wrapped with typed extension helpers and log projections:
bee_colony, cmaes, compass_search, cstrs_self_adaptive, de, de1220, gaco,
gwo, ihs, maco, mbh, moead, moead_gen, nsga2, nspso, pso, pso_gen,
sade, sea, sga, simulated_annealing, xnes.

Optional/feature-gated solvers: ipopt, nlopt (build-dependent; availability is
asserted by tests). snopt7 is supported for users who build from source with their
own SNOPT7 license; see README for build instructions.

All built-in benchmark problems are wrapped: ackley, cec2006/2009/2013/2014, decompose,
dtlz, golomb_ruler, griewank, hock_schittkowski_71, inventory, lennard_jones,
luksan_vlcek1, minlp_rastrigin, null_problem, rastrigin, rosenbrock, schwefel,
translate, unconstrain, wfg, zdt.

Island and archipelago orchestration

• Full island and archipelago managed API with topology wrappers (ring, fully_connected,
  unconnected, free_form), migration type/handling controls, and island snapshot access.
• Managed replacement and selection policies: RPolicyCallback / SPolicyCallback base classes
  for custom policies, plus built-in fair_replace / select_best.

Batch fitness evaluators

• default_bfe, thread_bfe, member_bfe with safe managed-problem dispatch.

Multi-objective utilities

• non_dominated_front_2d, crowding_distance, sort_population_mo, select_best_N_mo,
  ideal, nadir, decompose_objectives, hypervolume and related APIs.

Runnable examples and docs

• Examples/Examples.Pagmo.NET: three teaching scenarios (single-island, archipelago topology,
  migration policies).
• docs/: concept-first walkthroughs linked to runnable example code.

Breaking / Behavior Notes

This is a first beta. No public stable API surface has been previously released.

C# naming conventions: bridge and enum types use PascalCase as idiomatic C#.
Pagmo-compatible snake_case is preserved for method names that mirror the pagmo C++ API
(e.g. get_bounds(), fitness(), evolve()).

Notable type renames from internal pre-release names:

• Enum types: ThreadSafety, EvolveStatus, MigrationType, MigrantHandling,
  SgaCrossover, SgaMutation, SgaSelection
• Bridge types: ProblemCallback, ManagedProblem, AlgorithmCallback, ManagedAlgorithm,
  RPolicyCallback, ManagedRPolicy, SPolicyCallback, ManagedSPolicy, NullProblemCallback

Known Limitations

• Thread-clone strategy - Resolved in beta.2 via IThreadCloneableProblem.

Supported Environment Matrix

Environment	Status
Windows x64, .NET 8+	Supported
Windows x64, IPOPT enabled	Included — statically linked via vcpkg (coin-or-ipopt:x64-windows-static-md with overlay port fixing LAPACK detection). OptionalSolverAvailability.IsIpoptAvailable returns true in the released build.
Windows x64, NLopt enabled	Included — statically linked via vcpkg (nlopt:x64-windows-static-md). OptionalSolverAvailability.IsNloptAvailable returns true in the released build.
Linux x64, .NET 8+	Supported — libPagmoWrapper.so is fully self-contained (pagmo2, Boost, TBB, NLopt, IPOPT all statically linked via vcpkg x64-linux-static-pic triplet). Runtime requires only libstdc++ and libgcc.
Linux x64, IPOPT enabled	Included — statically linked. OptionalSolverAvailability.IsIpoptAvailable returns true in the released build.
Linux x64, NLopt enabled	Included — statically linked. OptionalSolverAvailability.IsNloptAvailable returns true in the released build.
.NET Framework	Not supported
x86 / ARM	Not supported in v1
macOS arm64 + x86_64 universal, .NET 8+	Supported — libPagmoWrapper.dylib universal binary (pagmo2, Boost, TBB, NLopt statically linked via vcpkg arm64-osx-static-pic / x64-osx-static-pic triplets). Runtime requires only system libstdc++ / libc++.

Repo note:

• The shipped library/package target is .NET 8 (consumers on .NET 8, 9, or 10 can reference it).
• Building and running the full test suite on Linux requires the .NET 10 SDK (the .NET 8 SDK has a VsTest discovery limitation on Linux that causes only ~198 of 593 tests to be enumerated).
• Tests, examples, and documentation tooling target net10.0 internally.

pagmoNet v1.0.0-rc.4

Release Notes

v1.0.0

First stable release.

Highlights

• Release pipeline regenerates SWIG bindings, so the published package is assembled the same way as the tested one (ship == test). A shared SWIG step is used by both the build and release workflows to prevent drift.
• Single-source version via Directory.Build.props — one <Version> for the whole package instead of per-csproj tags.
• Base Pagmo.NET includes the ipopt algorithm but links no IPOPT (it loads libipopt at runtime via dlopen), so the base stays MPL-2.0 and EPL-free. Add the Pagmo.NET.Ipopt companion package to supply a bundled libipopt, or bring your own via PAGMONET_IPOPT_LIBRARY. (NLopt is statically included.)

Breaking / Behavior Notes

No breaking API changes from beta.6.

v1.0.0-beta.6

Highlights

macOS support

Windows x64, Linux x64, and macOS (arm64 + x86_64 universal binary) are all now supported.
CI builds on all three platforms. The NuGet package bundles the macOS universal binary at
runtimes/osx/native/. No additional installation required on macOS.

Archipelago and island resource cleanup fixes

• C#: archipelago.Dispose() now explicitly disposes per-island problem clones created
  for IThreadCloneableProblem users, instead of relying on GC finalization.
• Java: archipelago.close() now closes clone adapters on the same code path.
  island.close() removes its entry from the static constructionRoots map and closes
  the wrapped problem objects, eliminating a slow map-accumulation leak.

Orbital maneuver example

New maneuver scenario in both the C# and Java example runners: a 2-burn Hohmann-like
LEO→MEO transfer with SMA and eccentricity equality constraints solved via
cstrs_self_adaptive wrapping de. Demonstrates ManagedProblemBase.get_nec(),
constraint normalisation (SMA residual in km vs dimensionless eccentricity), and a
multi-seed retry loop for reliable stochastic convergence.

Constraint normalisation fix in ManeuverOptimizationProblem

SMA residual is now divided by 1000 before being returned as a fitness component, making
it dimensionless and comparable in scale to the eccentricity residual. Without this,
cstrs_self_adaptive ignored eccentricity because the SMA violation dominated by orders
of magnitude.

Breaking / Behavior Notes

No breaking changes from beta.2.

---

v1.0.0-beta.2

Highlights

Per-thread problem cloning (IThreadCloneableProblem)

Managed problems that declare ThreadSafety.None can now participate in threaded
execution paths (archipelago.push_back_island, thread_bfe) by implementing
IThreadCloneableProblem and overriding Clone() on ManagedProblemBase:

public override ThreadSafety get_thread_safety() => ThreadSafety.None;

public override IProblem Clone() => new MyProblem(); // fresh independent copy

Each island receives its own exclusive clone; thread_bfe creates one clone per OS
thread via managed_thread_bfe. Problems that return null from Clone() (the default)
continue to be rejected on threaded paths as before — the feature is fully opt-in.

IPOPT included in Windows build

The Windows NuGet package now includes IPOPT statically linked (via a vcpkg overlay port
that fixes LAPACK detection under the x64-windows-static-md triplet, with Intel MKL as
the BLAS/LAPACK backend to avoid the OpenBLAS DllMain conflict).
OptionalSolverAvailability.IsIpoptAvailable returns true out of the box on both
Windows and Linux.

NuGet package improvements

• Consumer-focused readme on NuGet.org (installation, quickstart, feature table).
• Package logo.
• --verbose flag added to the examples runner — prints algorithm logs after each scenario.

Breaking / Behavior Notes

No breaking changes from beta.1.

ManagedProblemBase now implements IThreadCloneableProblem with virtual Clone() => null.
Subclasses that previously had no Clone() method are unaffected.

---

v1.0.0-beta.1

Overview

First public beta of Pagmo.NET - a C# wrapper for pagmo2.
Targets Windows x64 and Linux x64. The managed library targets .NET 8 (consumers on .NET 8, 9, or 10 can reference it).

Highlights

Managed C# problem and algorithm extensibility

• Implement IProblem / ManagedProblemBase to define custom optimization problems in pure C#.
  Full lifecycle (fitness, bounds, gradients, hessians, batch evaluation, seed, thread safety)
  is supported, with exception-safe callback boundaries.
• Implement IAlgorithm to define custom optimization algorithms in pure C#. Managed algorithms
  participate in island and archipelago type-erased execution paths (evolve, wait, migrate).

Broad algorithm and problem coverage
All major pagmo algorithms are wrapped with typed extension helpers and log projections:
bee_colony, cmaes, compass_search, cstrs_self_adaptive, de, de1220, gaco,
gwo, ihs, maco, mbh, moead, moead_gen, nsga2, nspso, pso, pso_gen,
sade, sea, sga, simulated_annealing, xnes.

Optional/feature-gated solvers: ipopt, nlopt (build-dependent; availability is
asserted by tests). snopt7 is supported for users who build from source with their
own SNOPT7 license; see README for build instructions.

All built-in benchmark problems are wrapped: ackley, cec2006/2009/2013/2014, decompose,
dtlz, golomb_ruler, griewank, hock_schittkowski_71, inventory, lennard_jones,
luksan_vlcek1, minlp_rastrigin, null_problem, rastrigin, rosenbrock, schwefel,
translate, unconstrain, wfg, zdt.

Island and archipelago orchestration

• Full island and archipelago managed API with topology wrappers (ring, fully_connected,
  unconnected, free_form), migration type/handling controls, and island snapshot access.
• Managed replacement and selection policies: RPolicyCallback / SPolicyCallback base classes
  for custom policies, plus built-in fair_replace / select_best.

Batch fitness evaluators

• default_bfe, thread_bfe, member_bfe with safe managed-problem dispatch.

Multi-objective utilities

• non_dominated_front_2d, crowding_distance, sort_population_mo, select_best_N_mo,
  ideal, nadir, decompose_objectives, hypervolume and related APIs.

Runnable examples and docs

• Examples/Examples.Pagmo.NET: three teaching scenarios (single-island, archipelago topology,
  migration policies).
• docs/: concept-first walkthroughs linked to runnable example code.

Breaking / Behavior Notes

This is a first beta. No public stable API surface has been previously released.

C# naming conventions: bridge and enum types use PascalCase as idiomatic C#.
Pagmo-compatible snake_case is preserved for method names that mirror the pagmo C++ API
(e.g. get_bounds(), fitness(), evolve()).

Notable type renames from internal pre-release names:

• Enum types: ThreadSafety, EvolveStatus, MigrationType, MigrantHandling,
  SgaCrossover, SgaMutation, SgaSelection
• Bridge types: ProblemCallback, ManagedProblem, AlgorithmCallback, ManagedAlgorithm,
  RPolicyCallback, ManagedRPolicy, SPolicyCallback, ManagedSPolicy, NullProblemCallback

Known Limitations

• Thread-clone strategy - Resolved in beta.2 via IThreadCloneableProblem.

Supported Environment Matrix

Environment	Status
Windows x64, .NET 8+	Supported
Windows x64, IPOPT enabled	Included — statically linked via vcpkg (coin-or-ipopt:x64-windows-static-md with overlay port fixing LAPACK detection). OptionalSolverAvailability.IsIpoptAvailable returns true in the released build.
Windows x64, NLopt enabled	Included — statically linked via vcpkg (nlopt:x64-windows-static-md). OptionalSolverAvailability.IsNloptAvailable returns true in the released build.
Linux x64, .NET 8+	Supported — libPagmoWrapper.so is fully self-contained (pagmo2, Boost, TBB, NLopt, IPOPT all statically linked via vcpkg x64-linux-static-pic triplet). Runtime requires only libstdc++ and libgcc.
Linux x64, IPOPT enabled	Included — statically linked. OptionalSolverAvailability.IsIpoptAvailable returns true in the released build.
Linux x64, NLopt enabled	Included — statically linked. OptionalSolverAvailability.IsNloptAvailable returns true in the released build.
.NET Framework	Not supported
x86 / ARM	Not supported in v1
macOS arm64 + x86_64 universal, .NET 8+	Supported — libPagmoWrapper.dylib universal binary (pagmo2, Boost, TBB, NLopt statically linked via vcpkg arm64-osx-static-pic / x64-osx-static-pic triplets). Runtime requires only system libstdc++ / libc++.

Repo note:

• The shipped library/package target is .NET 8 (consumers on .NET 8, 9, or 10 can reference it).
• Building and running the full test suite on Linux requires the .NET 10 SDK (the .NET 8 SDK has a VsTest discovery limitation on Linux that causes only ~198 of 593 tests to be enumerated).
• Tests, examples, and documentation tooling target net10.0 internally.

pagmoNet v1.0.0-rc.3

Release Notes

v1.0.0

First stable release.

Highlights

• Release pipeline regenerates SWIG bindings, so the published package is assembled the same way as the tested one (ship == test). A shared SWIG step is used by both the build and release workflows to prevent drift.
• Single-source version via Directory.Build.props — one <Version> for the whole package instead of per-csproj tags.
• Base Pagmo.NET includes the ipopt algorithm but links no IPOPT (it loads libipopt at runtime via dlopen), so the base stays MPL-2.0 and EPL-free. Add the Pagmo.NET.Ipopt companion package to supply a bundled libipopt, or bring your own via PAGMONET_IPOPT_LIBRARY. (NLopt is statically included.)

Breaking / Behavior Notes

No breaking API changes from beta.6.

v1.0.0-beta.6

Highlights

macOS support

Windows x64, Linux x64, and macOS (arm64 + x86_64 universal binary) are all now supported.
CI builds on all three platforms. The NuGet package bundles the macOS universal binary at
runtimes/osx/native/. No additional installation required on macOS.

Archipelago and island resource cleanup fixes

• C#: archipelago.Dispose() now explicitly disposes per-island problem clones created
  for IThreadCloneableProblem users, instead of relying on GC finalization.
• Java: archipelago.close() now closes clone adapters on the same code path.
  island.close() removes its entry from the static constructionRoots map and closes
  the wrapped problem objects, eliminating a slow map-accumulation leak.

Orbital maneuver example

New maneuver scenario in both the C# and Java example runners: a 2-burn Hohmann-like
LEO→MEO transfer with SMA and eccentricity equality constraints solved via
cstrs_self_adaptive wrapping de. Demonstrates ManagedProblemBase.get_nec(),
constraint normalisation (SMA residual in km vs dimensionless eccentricity), and a
multi-seed retry loop for reliable stochastic convergence.

Constraint normalisation fix in ManeuverOptimizationProblem

SMA residual is now divided by 1000 before being returned as a fitness component, making
it dimensionless and comparable in scale to the eccentricity residual. Without this,
cstrs_self_adaptive ignored eccentricity because the SMA violation dominated by orders
of magnitude.

Breaking / Behavior Notes

No breaking changes from beta.2.

---

v1.0.0-beta.2

Highlights

Per-thread problem cloning (IThreadCloneableProblem)

Managed problems that declare ThreadSafety.None can now participate in threaded
execution paths (archipelago.push_back_island, thread_bfe) by implementing
IThreadCloneableProblem and overriding Clone() on ManagedProblemBase:

public override ThreadSafety get_thread_safety() => ThreadSafety.None;

public override IProblem Clone() => new MyProblem(); // fresh independent copy

Each island receives its own exclusive clone; thread_bfe creates one clone per OS
thread via managed_thread_bfe. Problems that return null from Clone() (the default)
continue to be rejected on threaded paths as before — the feature is fully opt-in.

IPOPT included in Windows build

The Windows NuGet package now includes IPOPT statically linked (via a vcpkg overlay port
that fixes LAPACK detection under the x64-windows-static-md triplet, with Intel MKL as
the BLAS/LAPACK backend to avoid the OpenBLAS DllMain conflict).
OptionalSolverAvailability.IsIpoptAvailable returns true out of the box on both
Windows and Linux.

NuGet package improvements

• Consumer-focused readme on NuGet.org (installation, quickstart, feature table).
• Package logo.
• --verbose flag added to the examples runner — prints algorithm logs after each scenario.

Breaking / Behavior Notes

No breaking changes from beta.1.

ManagedProblemBase now implements IThreadCloneableProblem with virtual Clone() => null.
Subclasses that previously had no Clone() method are unaffected.

---

v1.0.0-beta.1

Overview

First public beta of Pagmo.NET - a C# wrapper for pagmo2.
Targets Windows x64 and Linux x64. The managed library targets .NET 8 (consumers on .NET 8, 9, or 10 can reference it).

Highlights

Managed C# problem and algorithm extensibility

• Implement IProblem / ManagedProblemBase to define custom optimization problems in pure C#.
  Full lifecycle (fitness, bounds, gradients, hessians, batch evaluation, seed, thread safety)
  is supported, with exception-safe callback boundaries.
• Implement IAlgorithm to define custom optimization algorithms in pure C#. Managed algorithms
  participate in island and archipelago type-erased execution paths (evolve, wait, migrate).

Broad algorithm and problem coverage
All major pagmo algorithms are wrapped with typed extension helpers and log projections:
bee_colony, cmaes, compass_search, cstrs_self_adaptive, de, de1220, gaco,
gwo, ihs, maco, mbh, moead, moead_gen, nsga2, nspso, pso, pso_gen,
sade, sea, sga, simulated_annealing, xnes.

Optional/feature-gated solvers: ipopt, nlopt (build-dependent; availability is
asserted by tests). snopt7 is supported for users who build from source with their
own SNOPT7 license; see README for build instructions.

All built-in benchmark problems are wrapped: ackley, cec2006/2009/2013/2014, decompose,
dtlz, golomb_ruler, griewank, hock_schittkowski_71, inventory, lennard_jones,
luksan_vlcek1, minlp_rastrigin, null_problem, rastrigin, rosenbrock, schwefel,
translate, unconstrain, wfg, zdt.

Island and archipelago orchestration

• Full island and archipelago managed API with topology wrappers (ring, fully_connected,
  unconnected, free_form), migration type/handling controls, and island snapshot access.
• Managed replacement and selection policies: RPolicyCallback / SPolicyCallback base classes
  for custom policies, plus built-in fair_replace / select_best.

Batch fitness evaluators

• default_bfe, thread_bfe, member_bfe with safe managed-problem dispatch.

Multi-objective utilities

• non_dominated_front_2d, crowding_distance, sort_population_mo, select_best_N_mo,
  ideal, nadir, decompose_objectives, hypervolume and related APIs.

Runnable examples and docs

• Examples/Examples.Pagmo.NET: three teaching scenarios (single-island, archipelago topology,
  migration policies).
• docs/: concept-first walkthroughs linked to runnable example code.

Breaking / Behavior Notes

This is a first beta. No public stable API surface has been previously released.

C# naming conventions: bridge and enum types use PascalCase as idiomatic C#.
Pagmo-compatible snake_case is preserved for method names that mirror the pagmo C++ API
(e.g. get_bounds(), fitness(), evolve()).

Notable type renames from internal pre-release names:

• Enum types: ThreadSafety, EvolveStatus, MigrationType, MigrantHandling,
  SgaCrossover, SgaMutation, SgaSelection
• Bridge types: ProblemCallback, ManagedProblem, AlgorithmCallback, ManagedAlgorithm,
  RPolicyCallback, ManagedRPolicy, SPolicyCallback, ManagedSPolicy, NullProblemCallback

Known Limitations

• Thread-clone strategy - Resolved in beta.2 via IThreadCloneableProblem.

Supported Environment Matrix

Environment	Status
Windows x64, .NET 8+	Supported
Windows x64, IPOPT enabled	Included — statically linked via vcpkg (coin-or-ipopt:x64-windows-static-md with overlay port fixing LAPACK detection). OptionalSolverAvailability.IsIpoptAvailable returns true in the released build.
Windows x64, NLopt enabled	Included — statically linked via vcpkg (nlopt:x64-windows-static-md). OptionalSolverAvailability.IsNloptAvailable returns true in the released build.
Linux x64, .NET 8+	Supported — libPagmoWrapper.so is fully self-contained (pagmo2, Boost, TBB, NLopt, IPOPT all statically linked via vcpkg x64-linux-static-pic triplet). Runtime requires only libstdc++ and libgcc.
Linux x64, IPOPT enabled	Included — statically linked. OptionalSolverAvailability.IsIpoptAvailable returns true in the released build.
Linux x64, NLopt enabled	Included — statically linked. OptionalSolverAvailability.IsNloptAvailable returns true in the released build.
.NET Framework	Not supported
x86 / ARM	Not supported in v1
macOS arm64 + x86_64 universal, .NET 8+	Supported — libPagmoWrapper.dylib universal binary (pagmo2, Boost, TBB, NLopt statically linked via vcpkg arm64-osx-static-pic / x64-osx-static-pic triplets). Runtime requires only system libstdc++ / libc++.

Repo note:

• The shipped library/package target is .NET 8 (consumers on .NET 8, 9, or 10 can reference it).
• Building and running the full test suite on Linux requires the .NET 10 SDK (the .NET 8 SDK has a VsTest discovery limitation on Linux that causes only ~198 of 593 tests to be enumerated).
• Tests, examples, and documentation tooling target net10.0 internally.

pagmoNet v1.0.0-rc.2

Release Notes

v1.0.0

First stable release.

Highlights

• Release pipeline regenerates SWIG bindings, so the published package is assembled the same way as the tested one (ship == test). A shared SWIG step is used by both the build and release workflows to prevent drift.
• Single-source version via Directory.Build.props — one <Version> for the whole package instead of per-csproj tags.
• Base Pagmo.NET includes the ipopt algorithm but links no IPOPT (it loads libipopt at runtime via dlopen), so the base stays MPL-2.0 and EPL-free. Add the Pagmo.NET.Ipopt companion package to supply a bundled libipopt, or bring your own via PAGMONET_IPOPT_LIBRARY. (NLopt is statically included.)

Breaking / Behavior Notes

No breaking API changes from beta.6.

v1.0.0-beta.6

Highlights

macOS support

Windows x64, Linux x64, and macOS (arm64 + x86_64 universal binary) are all now supported.
CI builds on all three platforms. The NuGet package bundles the macOS universal binary at
runtimes/osx/native/. No additional installation required on macOS.

Archipelago and island resource cleanup fixes

• C#: archipelago.Dispose() now explicitly disposes per-island problem clones created
  for IThreadCloneableProblem users, instead of relying on GC finalization.
• Java: archipelago.close() now closes clone adapters on the same code path.
  island.close() removes its entry from the static constructionRoots map and closes
  the wrapped problem objects, eliminating a slow map-accumulation leak.

Orbital maneuver example

New maneuver scenario in both the C# and Java example runners: a 2-burn Hohmann-like
LEO→MEO transfer with SMA and eccentricity equality constraints solved via
cstrs_self_adaptive wrapping de. Demonstrates ManagedProblemBase.get_nec(),
constraint normalisation (SMA residual in km vs dimensionless eccentricity), and a
multi-seed retry loop for reliable stochastic convergence.

Constraint normalisation fix in ManeuverOptimizationProblem

SMA residual is now divided by 1000 before being returned as a fitness component, making
it dimensionless and comparable in scale to the eccentricity residual. Without this,
cstrs_self_adaptive ignored eccentricity because the SMA violation dominated by orders
of magnitude.

Breaking / Behavior Notes

No breaking changes from beta.2.

---

v1.0.0-beta.2

Highlights

Per-thread problem cloning (IThreadCloneableProblem)

Managed problems that declare ThreadSafety.None can now participate in threaded
execution paths (archipelago.push_back_island, thread_bfe) by implementing
IThreadCloneableProblem and overriding Clone() on ManagedProblemBase:

public override ThreadSafety get_thread_safety() => ThreadSafety.None;

public override IProblem Clone() => new MyProblem(); // fresh independent copy

Each island receives its own exclusive clone; thread_bfe creates one clone per OS
thread via managed_thread_bfe. Problems that return null from Clone() (the default)
continue to be rejected on threaded paths as before — the feature is fully opt-in.

IPOPT included in Windows build

The Windows NuGet package now includes IPOPT statically linked (via a vcpkg overlay port
that fixes LAPACK detection under the x64-windows-static-md triplet, with Intel MKL as
the BLAS/LAPACK backend to avoid the OpenBLAS DllMain conflict).
OptionalSolverAvailability.IsIpoptAvailable returns true out of the box on both
Windows and Linux.

NuGet package improvements

• Consumer-focused readme on NuGet.org (installation, quickstart, feature table).
• Package logo.
• --verbose flag added to the examples runner — prints algorithm logs after each scenario.

Breaking / Behavior Notes

No breaking changes from beta.1.

ManagedProblemBase now implements IThreadCloneableProblem with virtual Clone() => null.
Subclasses that previously had no Clone() method are unaffected.

---

v1.0.0-beta.1

Overview

First public beta of Pagmo.NET - a C# wrapper for pagmo2.
Targets Windows x64 and Linux x64. The managed library targets .NET 8 (consumers on .NET 8, 9, or 10 can reference it).

Highlights

Managed C# problem and algorithm extensibility

• Implement IProblem / ManagedProblemBase to define custom optimization problems in pure C#.
  Full lifecycle (fitness, bounds, gradients, hessians, batch evaluation, seed, thread safety)
  is supported, with exception-safe callback boundaries.
• Implement IAlgorithm to define custom optimization algorithms in pure C#. Managed algorithms
  participate in island and archipelago type-erased execution paths (evolve, wait, migrate).

Broad algorithm and problem coverage
All major pagmo algorithms are wrapped with typed extension helpers and log projections:
bee_colony, cmaes, compass_search, cstrs_self_adaptive, de, de1220, gaco,
gwo, ihs, maco, mbh, moead, moead_gen, nsga2, nspso, pso, pso_gen,
sade, sea, sga, simulated_annealing, xnes.

Optional/feature-gated solvers: ipopt, nlopt (build-dependent; availability is
asserted by tests). snopt7 is supported for users who build from source with their
own SNOPT7 license; see README for build instructions.

All built-in benchmark problems are wrapped: ackley, cec2006/2009/2013/2014, decompose,
dtlz, golomb_ruler, griewank, hock_schittkowski_71, inventory, lennard_jones,
luksan_vlcek1, minlp_rastrigin, null_problem, rastrigin, rosenbrock, schwefel,
translate, unconstrain, wfg, zdt.

Island and archipelago orchestration

• Full island and archipelago managed API with topology wrappers (ring, fully_connected,
  unconnected, free_form), migration type/handling controls, and island snapshot access.
• Managed replacement and selection policies: RPolicyCallback / SPolicyCallback base classes
  for custom policies, plus built-in fair_replace / select_best.

Batch fitness evaluators

• default_bfe, thread_bfe, member_bfe with safe managed-problem dispatch.

Multi-objective utilities

• non_dominated_front_2d, crowding_distance, sort_population_mo, select_best_N_mo,
  ideal, nadir, decompose_objectives, hypervolume and related APIs.

Runnable examples and docs

• Examples/Examples.Pagmo.NET: three teaching scenarios (single-island, archipelago topology,
  migration policies).
• docs/: concept-first walkthroughs linked to runnable example code.

Breaking / Behavior Notes

This is a first beta. No public stable API surface has been previously released.

C# naming conventions: bridge and enum types use PascalCase as idiomatic C#.
Pagmo-compatible snake_case is preserved for method names that mirror the pagmo C++ API
(e.g. get_bounds(), fitness(), evolve()).

Notable type renames from internal pre-release names:

• Enum types: ThreadSafety, EvolveStatus, MigrationType, MigrantHandling,
  SgaCrossover, SgaMutation, SgaSelection
• Bridge types: ProblemCallback, ManagedProblem, AlgorithmCallback, ManagedAlgorithm,
  RPolicyCallback, ManagedRPolicy, SPolicyCallback, ManagedSPolicy, NullProblemCallback

Known Limitations

• Thread-clone strategy - Resolved in beta.2 via IThreadCloneableProblem.

Supported Environment Matrix

Environment	Status
Windows x64, .NET 8+	Supported
Windows x64, IPOPT enabled	Included — statically linked via vcpkg (coin-or-ipopt:x64-windows-static-md with overlay port fixing LAPACK detection). OptionalSolverAvailability.IsIpoptAvailable returns true in the released build.
Windows x64, NLopt enabled	Included — statically linked via vcpkg (nlopt:x64-windows-static-md). OptionalSolverAvailability.IsNloptAvailable returns true in the released build.
Linux x64, .NET 8+	Supported — libPagmoWrapper.so is fully self-contained (pagmo2, Boost, TBB, NLopt, IPOPT all statically linked via vcpkg x64-linux-static-pic triplet). Runtime requires only libstdc++ and libgcc.
Linux x64, IPOPT enabled	Included — statically linked. OptionalSolverAvailability.IsIpoptAvailable returns true in the released build.
Linux x64, NLopt enabled	Included — statically linked. OptionalSolverAvailability.IsNloptAvailable returns true in the released build.
.NET Framework	Not supported
x86 / ARM	Not supported in v1
macOS arm64 + x86_64 universal, .NET 8+	Supported — libPagmoWrapper.dylib universal binary (pagmo2, Boost, TBB, NLopt statically linked via vcpkg arm64-osx-static-pic / x64-osx-static-pic triplets). Runtime requires only system libstdc++ / libc++.

Repo note:

• The shipped library/package target is .NET 8 (consumers on .NET 8, 9, or 10 can reference it).
• Building and running the full test suite on Linux requires the .NET 10 SDK (the .NET 8 SDK has a VsTest discovery limitation on Linux that causes only ~198 of 593 tests to be enumerated).
• Tests, examples, and documentation tooling target net10.0 internally.

PagmoNet4j.ipopt v1.0.0-rc.1

Changelog

v1.0.0

First stable release.

Highlights

• Pure native payload. pagmonet4j-ipopt ships only libipopt and its dependency closure and takes a hard dependency on the base pagmonet4j artifact. The base carries the ipopt algorithm, which loads libipopt at runtime via dlopen (no IPOPT is ever linked into the base). Depend on this artifact alongside pagmonet4j — you get both.
• Bring-your-own IPOPT. Prefer a system install or the PAGMONET_IPOPT_LIBRARY override? Depend on the base pagmonet4j artifact on its own; the ipopt algorithm is there and will find your library.
• Self-contained payload. The published JAR bundles the IPOPT dependency closure (IPOPT, MUMPS, OpenBLAS, GCC runtime) under natives/<rid>/; the base NativeLoader extracts it at load time — no java.library.path or external IPOPT install required on Windows x64, Linux x64, or macOS (arm64 + x86_64).
• Clean-room verification. CI resolves the published-shaped base + companion in a clean Gradle project and runs an IPOPT solve, gating publish on the artifacts working for a first-time user.
• Single-source version via gradle.properties.

Breaking / Behavior Notes

• The interim "self-sufficient superset" pre-release model (bundle the whole API, link IPOPT, depend on this artifact alone) is removed for licensing reasons: the base stays MPL-2.0 and never links EPL IPOPT. Depend on both pagmonet4j and pagmonet4j-ipopt.

v1.0.0-beta.6

Highlights

• Initial release as a standalone repository, split from pagmoNet.ipopt.
• Windows x64, Linux x64, and macOS (arm64 + x86_64) are all supported via CI.
• JUnit 5 test suite covering availability, instantiation, option setting, evolve improvement, and name verification.
• CI checks out PagmoNet4j, builds the native JNI library with IPOPT enabled, publishes pagmonet4j to mavenLocal, then runs the add-on tests.

Known limitations

• The MA27 linear solver in this build uses IPOPT's HSL runtime-load model. The internal result code may not reflect full convergence status.
• MUMPS and SPRAL linear solvers are not included in this build.