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Transport Energy Calculation Documentation

Overview: TransportEnergy.get_transport_energy_dict()

Source File: opgee/processes/transport_energy.py

This method calculates fuel consumption for transporting petroleum products from origin to destination. It accounts for multiple transport modes (ocean tanker, barge, pipeline, rail, truck) and different fuel types (diesel, residual oil, natural gas, electricity).

Method Signature

def get_transport_energy_dict(self,
                              field,
                              parameter_table,
                              transport_share_fuel,
                              transport_by_mode,
                              LHV_rate,
                              prod_type)

Parameters

field

The Field object containing process data and configuration.

parameter_table

DataFrame from opgee/tables/transport-parameter.csv with two columns:

  • Product column (e.g., "Crude", "LNG", "Diluent", "Petrocoke")
  • "Units" column

Key parameters (most are constant across products except Petrocoke):

  • Tanker/barge capacities and speeds
  • Load factors for origin and destination trips
  • Pipeline energy intensities for different engine types
  • Rail energy intensity: 370 btu/tonne/mile
  • Feed loss: 62 btu/mmbtu

Special note: Petrocoke has zero values for all pipeline-related parameters.

transport_share_fuel

DataFrame from opgee/tables/transport-share-fuel.csv, filtered by product type.

Columns: Method, Diesel, Residual oil, Natural gas, Electricity

Methods: tanker, barge, pipeline, rail, truck

Example values (Crude):

  • Tanker/Barge: 100% residual oil
  • Pipeline: 45% diesel, 55% natural gas
  • Rail/Truck: 100% diesel

transport_by_mode

DataFrame specifying transport fractions and distances for each method.

Columns: Fraction, Distance

Source:

  • Most products: opgee/tables/transport-by-mode.csv
  • Crude Oil: Derived from field attributes in attributes.xml via CrudeOilTransport.cache_attributes()

LHV_rate

Lower Heating Value rate for the product (units: energy/time).

Calculation in CrudeOilTransport:

oil_mass_rate = input_oil.liquid_flow_rate("oil")  # mass/time
oil_mass_energy_density = self.oil.mass_energy_density()  # btu/lb
oil_LHV_rate = oil_mass_rate * oil_mass_energy_density  # energy/time

prod_type

Product type string: "crude", "lng", "diluent", or "petrocoke"

Calculation Algorithm

Step 1: Initialize Transport Parameters

Extract parameters from parameter_table:

Ocean Tanker:

  • Load factor to origin: 0.7
  • Load factor to destination: 0.8
  • Speed: 18.52 mph
  • Size: field.ocean_tanker_size (default: 250,000 tonne)

Barge:

  • Load factor to origin: 0.6
  • Load factor to destination: 0.8
  • Speed: 5 mph
  • Capacity: 22,500 tonne

Pipeline:

  • Energy intensities (btu/tonne/mile):
    • Turbine: 240 (0 for Petrocoke)
    • Engine current: 270 (0 for Petrocoke)
    • Engine future: 260 (0 for Petrocoke)
  • Power fractions:
    • Turbine: 0.55 (0 for Petrocoke)
    • Engine current: 0.36 (0 for Petrocoke)
    • Engine future: 0.09 (0 for Petrocoke)

Rail:

  • To destination: 370 btu/tonne/mile
  • Return (hardcoded): 200 btu/tonne/mile

Truck:

  • Both directions (hardcoded): 969 btu/tonne/mile

Feed Loss: 62 btu/mmbtu

Step 2: Calculate Water Transport Energy Intensities

The method calls transport_energy_intensity() four times to calculate energy consumption for water transport:

Energy Intensity Calculation

For both tankers and barges:

  1. Energy consumption per horsepower-hour:

    energy_consumption = (14.42 / load_factor + const) × 0.735 × residual_oil_LHV / residual_oil_density

    Where:

    • const = 150 for tankers, 350 for barges
    • residual_oil_LHV = 140,352.52 btu/gal (from opgee/tables/constants.csv)
    • residual_oil_density = 3,752 g/gal (from opgee/tables/constants.csv)
    • Units: btu/hp/hr

  2. Horsepower calculation:

    • Tanker: hp = 9,070 + 0.101 × tanker_size (in tonnes)
    • Barge: hp = 5,600 / 22,500 × barge_capacity (in tonnes)

  3. Final energy intensity:

    energy_intensity = (energy_consumption × load_factor × hp) / (speed × capacity)

    Units: btu/tonne/mile

Four Calculations

  1. Ocean tanker, origin to destination (load_factor = 0.8)
  2. Ocean tanker, destination to origin (load_factor = 0.7)
  3. Barge, origin to destination (load_factor = 0.8)
  4. Barge, destination to origin (load_factor = 0.6)

Step 3: Calculate Pipeline Energy Intensity

Weighted sum of three pipeline engine types:

pipeline_energy_intensity = 
    (240 × 0.55) + (270 × 0.36) + (260 × 0.09) = 252.6 btu/tonne/mile

Note: For Petrocoke, this equals 0 since all pipeline parameters are 0.

Step 4: Create Energy Consumption Series

Origin to Destination Series (btu/tonne/mile):

  • [tanker_orig_dest, barge_orig_dest, pipeline (252.6), rail (370), truck (969)]

Destination to Origin Series (btu/tonne/mile):

  • [tanker_dest_orig, barge_dest_orig, pipeline (0), rail (200), truck (969)]

Step 5: Calculate Transport Energy Consumption

  1. Determine denominator based on product type:

    • Diluent: field.get_process_data("final_diluent_LHV_mass")
    • LNG: field.gas.component_LHV_mass["C1"]
    • Crude: field.get_process_data("crude_LHV")
    • Petrocoke: field.model.const("petrocoke-heating-value") / 1.10231

  2. Calculate normalized energy consumption:

    transport_energy_consumption = 
    (origin_to_dest_series + dest_to_origin_series) / denominator

Step 6: Calculate Fuel Consumption by Carrier

The static method fuel_consumption() calculates consumption for each fuel type:

For each fuel carrier (Diesel, Residual oil, Natural gas, Electricity):

fuel_consumption[carrier] = sum(
    transport_energy_consumption × 
    transport_distance × 
    fraction_transport × 
    fuel_share_fraction
) × LHV_rate + (LHV_rate × feed_loss if carrier == "Diesel" else 0)

Breakdown:

  • transport_energy_consumption: Series indexed by transport method (normalized energy per distance)
  • transport_distance: Series of distances for each method (e.g., 2,500 miles for Crude pipeline)
  • fraction_transport: Series of fractions for each method (e.g., 1.0 for Crude pipeline, 0 for others)
  • fuel_share_fraction: Fuel share for this method and carrier (e.g., 0.45 for pipeline diesel)
  • LHV_rate: Product's total energy flow rate
  • feed_loss: Additional 62 btu/mmbtu for diesel only (accounts for upstream production losses)

Example for Crude Oil Pipeline with Diesel:

consumption = (pipeline_energy_intensity / crude_LHV) × 2,500 miles × 1.0 × 0.45 × oil_LHV_rate + oil_LHV_rate × 62 btu/mmbtu

Return Value

Dictionary with fuel consumption for each energy carrier:

{
    "Diesel": Quantity(..., "mmBtu/day"),
    "Residual oil": Quantity(..., "mmBtu/day"),
    "Natural gas": Quantity(..., "mmBtu/day"),
    "Electricity": Quantity(..., "mmBtu/day")
}

Usage Example: CrudeOilTransport

Source File: opgee/processes/crude_oil_transport.py

def run(self, analysis):
    # Get input stream
    input_oil = self.find_input_stream("oil")
    
    # Calculate LHV rate
    oil_mass_rate = input_oil.liquid_flow_rate("oil")
    oil_mass_energy_density = self.oil.mass_energy_density()
    oil_LHV_rate = oil_mass_rate * oil_mass_energy_density
    
    # Get transport data from field attributes
    # (frac_transport_*, transport_dist_* from attributes.xml)
    
    # Calculate fuel consumption
    fuel_consumption = field.transport_energy.get_transport_energy_dict(
        self.field,
        self.transport_parameter,  # Crude column from transport-parameter.csv
        self.transport_share_fuel,  # Crude row from transport-share-fuel.csv
        self.transport_by_mode,     # From field attributes
        oil_LHV_rate,
        "Crude"
    )
    
    # Set energy use
    for name, value in fuel_consumption.items():
        energy_use.set_rate(get_energy_carrier(name), value.to("mmBtu/day"))

References

  • Main implementation: opgee/processes/transport_energy.py
  • Crude oil usage: opgee/processes/crude_oil_transport.py
  • LNG usage: opgee/processes/LNG_transport.py
  • Parameters: opgee/tables/transport-parameter.csv
  • Fuel shares: opgee/tables/transport-share-fuel.csv
  • Transport modes: opgee/tables/transport-by-mode.csv
  • Constants: opgee/tables/constants.csv

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