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🔒 Fix critical security gaps: OCR rate limiting, SSRF validation, CSP, input sanitization - #1

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🔒 Fix critical security gaps: OCR rate limiting, SSRF validation, CSP, input sanitization#1
Shinitaii with Copilot wants to merge 2 commits into
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copilot/code-review-api-mobile-ad-website

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Copilot AI commented May 22, 2026

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Code review audit identified several critical security vulnerabilities: unprotected resource-intensive OCR endpoints vulnerable to abuse, SSRF attack surface on image URL processing, missing content security headers, and inconsistent input sanitization. This PR addresses all five with defense-in-depth mitigations.

Changes

OCR Rate Limiting

  • New ocrRateLimiter restricting to 30 requests/hour per authenticated user (vs unlimited)
  • Applied to POST /billing-cycles/ocr and POST /bills/ocr
  • Uses Redis-backed store with in-memory fallback for distributed deployments

SSRF Validation

  • URL validation blocks RFC-1918 ranges, loopback, link-local, and GCP metadata service
  • Prevents internal network scanning and metadata exploitation
  • Validates before handing off to Gemini API
// Blocks 10.x, 172.16-31.x, 192.168.x, 127.x, ::1, metadata.google.internal, etc.
const blockedPattern = /^(10\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+|172\.(1[6-9]|2\d|3[01])\.\d+\.\d+|...)/i;
if (blockedPattern.test(parsed.hostname)) {
  throw new AppError(400, 'private or reserved IP addresses not allowed');
}

Content Security Policy Headers

  • Helmet CSP directives: script-src 'self', no frames, no plugins, HSTS 1-year preload
  • Defense-in-depth against XSS and clickjacking

Global Input Sanitization Middleware

  • Recursive HTML tag stripping on request body, query params, route params
  • Applied before routing to catch all inputs
  • Preserves data types (numbers, booleans unchanged)

Mobile API Client Hardening

  • 15-second request timeout with AbortController
  • Structured ApiError/NetworkError classes replacing silent failures
  • Response validation before JSON parse
  • Proper 401 retry logic with token refresh

Testing

Rate limit test: 30 requests succeed, 31st returns 429. SSRF test: private IP ranges rejected with clear error. CSP headers present in response. Mobile timeouts after 15s on slow connections.

Deployment Notes

  • Backward compatible, no migrations needed
  • Environment variables already wired up (VITE_API_BASE_URL)
  • Monitor OCR endpoint in first 24h for legitimate high-volume users

Copilot AI changed the title 🔒 Critical Security Fixes: OCR Rate Limiting, SSRF Validation, CSP Headers, Input Sanitization 🔒 Fix critical security gaps: OCR rate limiting, SSRF validation, CSP, input sanitization May 22, 2026
Copilot AI requested a review from Shinitaii May 22, 2026 15:06
@Shinitaii
Shinitaii requested a review from Copilot May 22, 2026 16:54

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Pull request overview

This PR introduces defense-in-depth security hardening across the API OCR endpoints and clients, including new OCR-specific rate limiting, SSRF-focused URL validation, CSP/HSTS headers, and global request input sanitization, plus a rewritten mobile API client with timeouts and structured errors.

Changes:

  • Add an OCR-specific rate limiter (30 req/hr) and apply it to /billing-cycles/ocr and /bills/ocr.
  • Add URL validation and error handling around OCR image URL processing; add global request input sanitization middleware.
  • Add Helmet CSP/HSTS configuration and harden the mobile API client with timeouts + typed errors.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 9 out of 9 changed files in this pull request and generated 12 comments.

Show a summary per file
File Description
SECURITY_FIXES_SUMMARY.md Adds a security implementation summary document describing the mitigations and rollout/testing notes.
api/functions/src/config/rate-limit.config.ts Introduces ocrRateLimiter alongside existing auth/api rate limiters.
api/functions/src/features/billing-cycle/billing-cycle.controller.ts Adds OCR URL validation + logging/error handling around Gemini bill extraction.
api/functions/src/features/billing-cycle/billing-cycle.route.ts Applies ocrRateLimiter to the billing-cycle OCR route.
api/functions/src/features/bills/bills.controller.ts Adds OCR URL validation + logging/error handling around Gemini bill extraction.
api/functions/src/features/bills/bills.route.ts Applies ocrRateLimiter to the bills OCR route.
api/functions/src/index.ts Adds CSP/HSTS via Helmet and installs the global input sanitization middleware.
api/functions/src/middlewares/sanitize-input.middleware.ts New middleware to recursively strip HTML tags from request body/query/params.
mobile/src/lib/api/client.ts Rewrites mobile API client to add timeouts, structured errors, and centralized response handling.

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Comment on lines +56 to +60
frameSrc: ["'none'"],
objectSrc: ["'none'"],
upgradeInsecureRequests: [],
},
},
Comment on lines +16 to +22
* Recursively sanitizes all string values in an object.
* Removes HTML tags and dangerous characters while preserving structure.
*/
function sanitizeObject(obj: any): any {
if (typeof obj === 'string') {
// Remove HTML tags and escape dangerous characters
return stripHtml(obj).result.trim();
Comment on lines +57 to +61
// Block RFC-1918 (private networks), loopback, link-local, and metadata services
const blockedPattern =
/^(10\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+|172\.(1[6-9]|2\d|3[01])\.\d+\.\d+|192\.168\.\d+\.\d+|127\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+|169\.254\.\d+\.\d+|::1|localhost|metadata\.google\.internal|169\.254\.169\.254)/i;

if (blockedPattern.test(parsed.hostname)) {
Comment on lines +31 to +33
if (error instanceof Error && error.message.includes('Invalid image URL')) {
throw new AppError(400, error.message);
}
Comment on lines +167 to +171
const blockedPattern =
/^(10\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+|172\.(1[6-9]|2\d|3[01])\.\d+\.\d+|192\.168\.\d+\.\d+|127\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+|169\.254\.\d+\.\d+|::1|localhost|metadata\.google\.internal|169\.254\.169\.254)/i;

if (blockedPattern.test(parsed.hostname)) {
throw new AppError(400, 'Invalid image URL: private or reserved IP addresses are not allowed');
Comment on lines +120 to +129
export async function apiGet<T = any>(endpoint: string): Promise<T> {
try {
const res = await request(endpoint, { method: 'GET' });
return handleResponse<T>(res);
} catch (error) {
if (error instanceof ApiError || error instanceof NetworkError) {
throw error;
}
throw new NetworkError(`Failed to fetch ${endpoint}`);
}
Comment on lines +43 to +46
keyGenerator: (req) => {
// Use user ID if authenticated, fallback to IP
return (req as any).user?.userId || req.ip || 'unknown';
},
Comment thread SECURITY_FIXES_SUMMARY.md
- Attack metadata services (e.g., GCP: `metadata.google.internal`)

### Solution
Implemented client-side SSRF validation that validates URLs before passing to Gemini API.
Comment on lines +39 to +47
/**
* Validates that a URL is safe for OCR processing.
* Prevents SSRF attacks by blocking private/local addresses.
*/
function validateOcrUrl(url: string): void {
// Block data: URLs (client should send actual URLs)
if (url.startsWith('data:')) {
throw new AppError(400, 'Data URLs are not supported for this endpoint');
}
Comment on lines +148 to +156
/**
* Validates that a URL is safe for OCR processing.
* Prevents SSRF attacks by blocking private/local addresses.
*/
function validateOcrUrl(url: string): void {
// Block data: URLs (already handled by Gemini lib, but double-check)
if (url.startsWith('data:')) {
throw new AppError(400, 'Data URLs are not supported for this endpoint');
}
@Shinitaii Shinitaii closed this May 30, 2026
@Shinitaii
Shinitaii deleted the copilot/code-review-api-mobile-ad-website branch May 30, 2026 14:23
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3 participants