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database

🧮✨ A curated collection of SQL programming exercises and solutions. This repository follows a database systems curriculum and explores SQL queries, relational algebra, PL/SQL programming, Datalog, and data modeling concepts through hands-on practice.

📚 Topics Covered

🔹 SQL Basics

  • Connecting to Oracle Databases: Secure SSH tunneling and client configuration.
  • Query Syntax: SELECT, WHERE, FROM, DISTINCT, ORDER BY, and aliases.
  • Filtering and Conditions: AND, OR, NOT, comparison operators, and pattern matching.

🔹 Set Operations & Relational Algebra

  • Set Operators in SQL: UNION, INTERSECT, MINUS
  • Relational Algebra Expressions: Mapping algebra to SQL and vice versa.
  • Multisets vs Sets: Handling duplicates and understanding bag semantics.

🔹 Aggregation and Grouping

  • Aggregate Functions: MIN, MAX, SUM, AVG, COUNT
  • GROUP BY and HAVING: Group filtering and aggregation logic.
  • Derived Columns: Categorizing and formatting results using functions.

🔹 Joins and Subqueries

  • Join Types: Inner, outer, and natural joins.
  • Join Syntax: Explicit (JOIN ON) and implicit (WHERE) syntax.
  • Subqueries: Correlated and non-correlated subqueries in filters and projections.

🔹 Data Modification & Definition

  • DML Statements: INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE
  • DDL Statements: CREATE, ALTER, DROP, TRUNCATE
  • Views and Constraints: Virtual tables, indexes, primary and foreign keys.

🔹 Procedural SQL (PL/SQL)

  • PL/SQL Basics: Anonymous blocks and syntax structure.
  • Procedures and Functions: Creating reusable logic with parameters and return types.
  • Control Flow: IF, CASE, LOOP, WHILE, and conditional branching.
  • Cursors: Explicit and implicit cursors for row-by-row processing.
  • Exception Handling: Catching and managing runtime errors using EXCEPTION blocks.
  • PL/SQL Tables and Collections: Working with indexed tables, records, and arrays.

🔹 Logical Querying with Datalog

  • Rule-Based Queries: Declarative definitions of relations.
  • Recursive Logic: Defining transitive closures and hierarchical queries.
  • Datalog in SQL: Emulating recursion using Oracle’s CONNECT BY and CTEs.

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