Feat: Escrito algoritmo do método Newton – Raphson

[nunniii]

Description of Change

This algorithm runs the Newton – Raphson method (purely), without importing external code.

References

Checklist

• Added description of change
• Added file name matches File name guidelines
• Added tests and example, test must pass
• Relevant documentation/comments is changed or added
• PR title follows semantic commit guidelines
• Search previous suggestions before making a new one, as yours may be a duplicate.
• I acknowledge that all my contributions will be made under the project's license.

Notes:

[lgtm-com]

This pull request introduces 1 alert when merging ed8b0e6 into 14d29d5 - view on LGTM.com

new alerts:

• 1 for Variable used in its own initializer

[Panquesito7]

Code is not up to the repository standards.
Please read them carefully and follow them.