Digital edition of the Mallorca section of the Censo del Conde de Aranda
(1768), Spain's first modern population census. Sister project of the
nomenclators family (floridablanca, minano, madoz, nomenclator_1860,
riera); shares the model and is consumed by meta.
Status: complete. All 54 pueblos/parishes of the diocese extracted and verified; static site live (Inici · Pobles · Mapa · Demografia · Font).
The original 1768–69 parish returns were lost; the surviving copy is a 1773 transcription kept at the Real Academia de la Historia (Madrid). The INE published a facsimile edition in 1999 (ed. Eduardo García España; digital re-edition 2013, NIPO 729-13-020-1 for Tomo VI).
Provenance of what we publish. The numbers rest on two independent
witnesses of the same census: the INE facsimile (the manuscript image) and
the IBESTAT tabulation (adopted as the gold standard; see
data/ibestat/SOURCE.md), cross-checked parish by parish. The rectors'
free-text relations (their answers to the survey) were discarded — they
survive only in an illegible degraded copy that cannot be transcribed reliably —
so only the verifiable layers (figures + municipal identity) are published.
- Tomo VI covers the dioceses of Málaga, Mallorca, Mondoñedo, Orihuela and Osma. Each diocese = cover + RESUMEN + maps + blank template, then the pueblos.
- The Mallorca pueblos run PDF pages 73–104 (two pueblos per page, a few
single-pueblo pages). See
data/PAGE_MAP.md. - Each pueblo = a manuscript table: six age groups × two sexes × {casados, solteros, total}; exentos (hidalguía, Real Servicio, Real Hacienda, Cruzada, Inquisición); eclesiásticos; conventos, hospicios, juzgados, estudios, administraciones de rentas, hermitas, barrios; and the date the cura signed the return.
- INE overlaid each page with printed metadata (
Cód.Mun.,Cl.Mapa,R.A.H.page) — a clean modern anchor.
The source PDF (42 MB, 442 pages) lives at
data/sources/tomo6_malaga_mallorca_mondoneo_orihuela_osma.pdf
(canonical URL https://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/censo_aranda/tomo6.pdf).
The census was organised by dioceses, not islands. The Obispado de Mallorca held jurisdiction over the whole archipelago in 1768, yet this volume contains only Mallorca. Per INE's own editorial note (facsimile p. 65):
- Menorca was under British rule (Treaty of Utrecht, 1708) and outside the diocese, so it correctly does not appear.
- Eivissa and Formentera (the Pitiüses) did belong to the Mallorca diocese in 1768 (the Eivissa diocese was created only in 1782) and should have appeared, but are omitted — "una auténtica omisión", not a copyists' error: the 54 surviving parish questionnaires match exactly the 54 parishes the official summary attributes to the diocese.
So the dataset is 49 municipalities / 54 parishes (Palma is recorded as 6 parishes plus a "Resumen" aggregate row, which is excluded from totals to avoid double-counting). The official diocese RESUMEN (facsimile p. 67) gives 126,588 souls; the pueblo-by-pueblo IBESTAT figures sum 122,969 (~2.9% gap, mostly the "ERROR EN CIFRAS" pueblos).
fetch_sources ▶ data/sources/tomo6.pdf (on disk)
extract_pages ▶ data/pages/page-NNN.jpg (pdftoppm, one JPG per page)
extract_vision ▶ data/extracted/pueblo-NNN.json (initial vision pass — a scaffold, later superseded)
refine_age_cells ▶ second focused pass on pueblos whose cells don't reconcile
ibestat_apply ▶ overwrites the figures with the IBESTAT gold standard (see data/ibestat/)
normalize ▶ data/normalized/aranda.jsonl (+ joins data/geo/ for Catalan name & lat/lon)
verify_totals ▶ data/reports/verify_totals.txt (Σ age cells vs total)
crosscheck ▶ data/reports/crosscheck.txt (internal arithmetic, self-contained)
export_web_data ▶ web/data.json
clean_leftovers ▶ drops the discarded relations; keeps only figures + identity
The initial vision pass was only a scaffold: the published figures come from the IBESTAT tabulation (cross-checked against the facsimile), and the rectors' free-text relations were discarded as unreadable. No figure is invented.
No DuckDB: the dataset is one flat record per pueblo, so the normalized JSONL
is the single source of truth. The geo table (data/geo/mallorca_municipis.json,
cod_mun_ine → name + lat/lon, baked once from the public NGIB gazetteer) lives
inside this project — no runtime dependency on sibling projects.
Run: uv run scripts/<name>.py. Vision steps need ANTHROPIC_API_KEY (env or
local .env).
- All 54 pueblos have their total confirmed (varones + hembras = ánimas); 48 of 54 also reconcile the full age × sex × marital detail (Σ cells = margin total). The other 6 don't: 3 (Inca, Porreres, Sant Llorenç des Cardassar) carry the INE «ERROR EN CIFRAS» stamp and the rest are arithmetic noise — the 1768 manuscript itself doesn't add up there; we keep the cura's figures as written.
- Mallorca population 1768 (IBESTAT figures): 122,969 (V 59,702 · H 63,267).
Static, no build step: web/index.html + web/app.js + web/style.css,
Leaflet vendored under web/vendor/. Tabs: Inici (history of the census &
the count of Aranda, the Menorca/Eivissa note, cross-check), Pobles
(searchable table + per-pueblo detail), Mapa (Leaflet, one marker per
pueblo), Demografia (pyramid, sex ratio, marital structure, indicators),
Font (method & references). Strict CSP in web/_headers (CARTO tiles
allowed for the map).
Deploy: npx wrangler deploy (worker aranda-balears).
Code: AGPL-3.0-or-later. Source data: INE 2013 facsimile, public domain (1768 manuscript copy).